Oreogetonidae is a family of flies in the order Diptera, belonging to the superfamily Empidoidea. The family comprises a single genus, Oreogeton, with 36 described species.[1][2] These flies are widely distributed across North America, Europe, Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and particularly South America, where the majority of species are found.[2]
Oreogetonidae are small to medium-sized, slender flies characterized by broad wings with a large anal lobe. Their wing venation includes distinctive patterns: the radial vein branches into four, the medial vein into three, and a large, irregular pentagonal discal cell is present in the wing's center. The two anal veins are weak and do not reach the wing margin.[1] Additional features include a head with large compound eyes and a prolonged proboscis, antennae with three or fewer segments (often with a stylus or arista), and a thorax with bristles primarily on the notopleural and scutellar regions.[1] The legs vary in form, occasionally modified, and the abdomen may be elongated or short depending on the species.
Distribution
The family Oreogetonidae is globally distributed, with a significant concentration of its 36 species in South America.[2] They are also recorded in North America, Europe (e.g., Oreogeton basalis in Central Europe up to Germany and Poland), Asia (e.g., Oreogeton nippon in Japan), Australia, and New Zealand.[2] This wide range indicates their adaptability to diverse ecological conditions.
Biology
Adult Oreogetonidae are diurnal, meaning they are active during the day, and are predatory, feeding on other insects.[3] The larvae are aquatic, inhabiting freshwater environments, and are also predatory, preying on small aquatic organisms such as mosquito larvae.[4] This predatory behavior is typical of the superfamily Empidoidea.
Ecological Role
Oreogetonidae contribute to the regulation of insect populations as adults and play a role in freshwater food webs as larvae. By preying on other insects, including mosquito larvae, the larvae may influence aquatic ecosystems, potentially aiding in natural pest control.[4] Their presence across varied habitats highlights their ecological versatility.
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