PIF1 5'-to-3' DNA helicase is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PIF1 gene. [5]
PIF1 5'-to-3' DNA helicase is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PIF1 gene. [5]
This gene encodes a DNA-dependent adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-metabolizing enzyme that functions as a 5' to 3' DNA helicase. The encoded protein can resolve G-quadruplex structures and RNA-DNA hybrids at the ends of chromosomes. It also prevents telomere elongation by inhibiting the actions of telomerase. Alternative splicing and the use of alternative start codons results in multiple isoforms that are differentially localized to either the mitochondria or the nucleus. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013].
Helicases are a class of enzymes thought to be vital to all organisms. Their main function is to unpack an organism's genes. They are motor proteins that move directionally along a nucleic acid phosphodiester backbone, separating two annealed nucleic acid strands such as DNA and RNA, using energy from ATP hydrolysis. There are many helicases, representing the great variety of processes in which strand separation must be catalyzed. Approximately 1% of eukaryotic genes code for helicases. The human genome codes for 95 non-redundant helicases: 64 RNA helicases and 31 DNA helicases. Many cellular processes, such as DNA replication, transcription, translation, recombination, DNA repair, and ribosome biogenesis involve the separation of nucleic acid strands that necessitates the use of helicases.
In molecular biology, G-quadruplex secondary structures (G4) are formed in nucleic acids by sequences that are rich in guanine. They are helical in shape and contain guanine tetrads that can form from one, two or four strands. The unimolecular forms often occur naturally near the ends of the chromosomes, better known as the telomeric regions, and in transcriptional regulatory regions of multiple genes, both in microbes and across vertebrates including oncogenes in humans. Four guanine bases can associate through Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding to form a square planar structure called a guanine tetrad, and two or more guanine tetrads can stack on top of each other to form a G-quadruplex.
XPB is an ATP-dependent DNA helicase in humans that is a part of the TFIIH transcription factor complex.
Ku70 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the XRCC6 gene.
DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the APEX1 gene.
Replication protein A 70 kDa DNA-binding subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPA1 gene.
DNA replication licensing factor MCM4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MCM4 gene.
Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX5 also known as DEAD box protein 5 or RNA helicase p68 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DDX5 gene.
Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX17 (p72) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DDX17 gene.
Twinkle protein also known as twinkle mtDNA helicase is a mitochondrial protein that in humans is encoded by the TWNK gene located in the long arm of chromosome 10 (10q24.31).
DNA topoisomerase 3-alpha is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TOP3A gene.
Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX11 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DDX11 gene.
ATP-dependent DNA helicase Q1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RECQL gene.
Zinc finger protein 143 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF143 gene.
RNA-binding motif, single-stranded-interacting protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBMS1 gene.
Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX36 also known as DEAH box protein 36 (DHX36) or MLE-like protein 1 (MLEL1) or G4 resolvase 1 (G4R1) or RNA helicase associated with AU-rich elements (RHAU) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DHX36 gene.
ATP-dependent DNA helicase Q5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RECQL5 gene.
RHAU is a 114-kDa human RNA helicase of the DEAH-box family of helicases encoded by the DHX36 gene.
DNA polymerase delta subunit 4, also known as DNA polymerase delta subunit p12, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POLD4 gene. It is a component of the DNA polymerase delta complex.
RRM3 is a gene that encodes a 5′-to-3′ DNA helicase known affect multiple cellular replication and repair processes and is most commonly studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. RRM3 formally stands for Ribosomal DNArecombination mutation 3. The gene codes for nuclear protein Rrm3p, which is 723 amino acids in length, and is part of a Pif1p DNA helicase sub-family that is conserved from yeasts to humans. RRM3 and its encoded protein have been shown to be vital for cellular replication, specifically associating with replication forks genome-wide. RRM3 is located on chromosome 8 in yeast cells and codes for 723 amino acids producing a protein that weighs 81,581 Da.
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
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