PRIMA1

PRIMA1
Identifiers
Aliases	PRIMA1 , PRIMA, proline rich membrane anchor 1
External IDs	OMIM: 613851; MGI: 1926097; HomoloGene: 15783; GeneCards: PRIMA1; OMA:PRIMA1 - orthologs
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 12 (mouse) [1] Band 12|12 E Start 103,163,167 bp [1] End 103,208,409 bp [1]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in tibial nerve sural nerve left uterine tube gastric mucosa smooth muscle tissue fundus substantia nigra canal of the cervix transverse colon prostate Top expressed in muscle of thigh lumbar subsegment of spinal cord superior frontal gyrus embryo epithelium of stomach facial motor nucleus neural layer of retina superior cervical ganglion anterior horn of spinal cord primary visual cortex More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function protein-membrane adaptor activity Cellular component integral component of membrane cell junction plasma membrane synapse membrane Biological process neurotransmitter catabolic process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 145270 170952 Ensembl n/a ENSMUSG00000041669 UniProt Q86XR5 Q810F0 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_178004 NM_178013 NM_133364 NM_178023 RefSeq (protein) NP_821092 NP_821092.1 NP_579942 Location (UCSC) n/a Chr 12: 103.16 – 103.21 Mb PubMed search [2] [3]
Wikidata
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Proline-rich membrane anchor 1, also known as PRiMA, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRIMA1 gene. ^{[4] [5]}

Function

PRiMA functions to organize acetylcholinesterase (AChE) into tetramers, and to anchor AChE at neural cell membranes. ^[4] This is accomplished by the proline rich anchor domain (PRAD) of PRIMA1 which anchors the tetramer of AChE into the plasma membrane of neural cells and myocytes. ^[6] The PRAD interacts with the C-terminal T-peptide of AChE. ^[7]

PRiMA plays a role in targeting AChE to the cell surface and, in neuroblastoma cells, PRiMA the limiting factor of such targeting. ^[5] In both mice and humans, PRiMA exists as two alternative splice variants that differ in their cytoplasmic regions.

Clinical significance

The severity of neurogenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, can be related to the degradation of AChE. ^[8]

References

1. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000041669 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
3. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Entrez Gene: proline rich membrane anchor 1".
5. Perrier AL, Massoulié J, Krejci E (Jan 2002). "PRiMA: the membrane anchor of acetylcholinesterase in the brain". Neuron. 33 (2): 275–85. doi: 10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00584-0 . PMID   11804574.
6. Xie HQ, Siow NL, Peng HB, Massoulié J, Tsim KW (Dec 2005). "Regulation of PRiMA: membrane anchor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in neuron and muscle". Chemico-Biological Interactions. 157–158: 432. Bibcode:2005CBI...157..432X. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2005.10.093. PMID   16429581.
7. Perrier NA, Khérif S, Perrier AL, Dumas S, Mallet J, Massoulié J (Oct 2003). "Expression of PRiMA in the mouse brain: membrane anchoring and accumulation of 'tailed' acetylcholinesterase". The European Journal of Neuroscience. 18 (7): 1837–47. doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02914.x. PMID   14622217. S2CID   21808922.
8. Atack JR, Perry EK, Bonham JR, Perry RH, Tomlinson BE, Blessed G, Fairbairn A (Sep 1983). "Molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in senile dementia of Alzheimer type: selective loss of the intermediate (10S) form". Neuroscience Letters. 40 (2): 199–204. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(83)90302-6. PMID   6633975. S2CID   45149066.

Further reading

• Vanaja DK, Ballman KV, Morlan BW, Cheville JC, Neumann RM, Lieber MM, Tindall DJ, Young CY (Feb 2006). "PDLIM4 repression by hypermethylation as a potential biomarker for prostate cancer". Clinical Cancer Research. 12 (4): 1128–36. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-2072 . PMID   16489065.
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (Sep 1996). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Research. 6 (9): 791–806. doi: 10.1101/gr.6.9.791 . PMID   8889548.
• Xie HQ, Choi RC, Leung KW, Chen VP, Chu GK, Tsim KW (Apr 2009). "Transcriptional regulation of proline-rich membrane anchor (PRiMA) of globular form acetylcholinesterase in neuron: an inductive effect of neuron differentiation". Brain Research. 1265: 13–23. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.01.065. PMID   19368807. S2CID   26943639.
• Xie HQ, Liang D, Leung KW, Chen VP, Zhu KY, Chan WK, Choi RC, Massoulié J, Tsim KW (Apr 2010). "Targeting acetylcholinesterase to membrane rafts: a function mediated by the proline-rich membrane anchor (PRiMA) in neurons". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 285 (15): 11537–46. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.038711 . PMC   2857032 . PMID   20147288.