| Parachiloglanis bhutanensis | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Siluriformes |
| Family: | Sisoridae |
| Genus: | Parachiloglanis |
| Species: | P. bhutanensis |
| Binomial name | |
| Parachiloglanis bhutanensis Thoni & Gurung - 2014 | |
Parachiloglanis bhutanensis, also known as the Khaling torrent catfish, is a species of catfish in the family Sisoridae first described in 2014. Prior to its discovery, the genus Parachiloglanis was considered monotypic.
Parachiloglanis bhutanensis is the first fish species scientifically described within Bhutan, whereas Parachiloglanis hodgarti was found in Pharping, Nepal. The common name, Khaling torrent catfish, refers to the village, Khaling, in the Trashigang District of southeastern Bhutan where the stream in which it was discovered flows. [1] A subsequent study by Thoni & Gurung in 2018 identified two specimens in the Bumdeling Wildlife Sanctuary in the northeast of Bhutan, expanding the previously known range of the species to throughout the upper Drangmechhu River. [2]
Parachiloglanis bhutanensis has a brown, somewhat translucent body, with a pale yellow head. The average length of the specimens collected by Thoni & Gurung (2014) was 3 to 4 inches. The head is broad, blunt, and rounded, rising out of the body at roughly a 45-degree angle from the snout. Along the sides of the body, there is a lateral line of white pores. [3]
Parachiloglanis bhutanensis is different from the first Parachiloglanis species, Parachiloglanis hodgarti, by the lateral white pores running the length of the body, and differs from the other genera in the subfamily Glyptosterninae by the absence of a post-labial grove on the lower lip. [4]
The first specimens of Parachiloglanis bhutanensis were discovered in the cascades of a small, fast-flowing stream, over 2,000 meters above sea level, while adhering to the underside of boulders. The initial streams near Khaling were fed by mountain springs, rainwater, and snow melted from nearby mountains, with very little algae. Thoni & Gurung speculated that the species evolved to a high-speed environment with paired fins to cling to rocks and a mouth that adapted to scraping invertebrates from the bottom of the streams. [1]
The stream catfishes comprise the family Akysidae of catfishes.
Sisoridae is a family of catfishes. These Asian catfishes live in fast-moving waters and often have adaptations that allow them to adhere to objects in their habitats. The family includes about 235 species.
Pseudolaguvia is a genus of South Asian river catfishes. These species inhabit hill streams and large rivers. P. tenebricosa is found in fast running, clear water; the river has a sandy bottom and numerous rocks and boulders and aquatic vegetation is absent. P. inornata is from clear, shallow, moderately flowing streams with a predominantly sandy bottom. P. muricata is found in clear, shallow, slow-flowing streams with a mixed substrate of sand and detritus; these fish are found amongst detritus in areas with current. P. ferula is also found in swift flowing waters with a mixed rocky/sandy bottom.
Oreoglanis is a genus of fish in the family Sisoridae native to Asia. These fish live in fast-flowing streams in China, mainland Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. They are mainly distributed in the Mekong, upper Salween and Irrawaddy River drainages. They range from the Brahmaputra basin to the Lam River drainage in central Vietnam. They are easily distinguished from other catfishes by their strongly depressed head and body and greatly enlarged paired fins that have been modified to form an adhesive apparatus. The flattened shape of these fish and the large pectoral and pelvic fins provide essential adhesion in the fast-flowing waters they live in.
Glyptothorax is a genus of catfishes order Siluriformes of the family Sisoridae. It is the most species-rich and widely distributed genus in the family with new species being discovered on a regular basis. These species are distributed in the Black Sea basin, northern Turkey, south and east to the Yangtze River drainage in China and south throughout Indo-China to Java, Indonesia. They are found in Asia Minor and southwards to Southeast Asia. The genus is very diverse in the Indian subcontinent. Southeast Asian species tend to have restricted distributions.
Rhadinoloricaria macromystax is a species of catfish in the genus Rhadinoloricaria. The species was formerly the only member of the genus; however in 2020 a new species, R. stewarti, was described.
Parachiloglanis hodgarti, the torrent catfish, is a species of catfish of the family Sisoridae.
Parachiloglanis is a genus of catfish of the family Sisoridae.
Bagarius is an Asian genus of catfishes of the family Sisoridae. It includes five to six extant species and potentially one extinct fossil species, B. gigas.
Glyptosternon is a genus of sisorid catfishes native to Asia.
Silurus is a genus of catfishes native to Europe and Asia.
Cavefish or cave fish is a generic term for fresh and brackish water fish adapted to life in caves and other underground habitats. Related terms are subterranean fish, troglomorphic fish, troglobitic fish, stygobitic fish, phreatic fish and hypogean fish.
Bagarius bagarius, also known as the devil catfish, dwarf goonch or goonch, is a species of catfish in the genus Bagarius. It is generally reported as being found in large and medium rivers in South Asia, and is likely synonymous with B. yarrelli.
Rhyacoschistura suber is a species of ray-finned fish, a stone loach, in the genus Rhyacoschistura. This species was originally described from three specimens collected among leaf litter in very shallow water in a small forest creek in the Nam Leuk drainage basin in Laos in 1997. These specimens were revealed to be juveniles and the species was re-described in 2019 on the basis of adult specimens. Based on the re-description, the species was moved from Schistura to the newly described genus, Rhyacoschistura.
Stenolicmus ix is a species of catfish in the family Trichomycteridae- also called the Pencil or Parasitic Catfishes. It was described from the Curuá River, in the Brazilian state of Pará, which is part of the Amazon River basin.
Uranoscopus brunneus, the dark-finned stargazer, is a member of the group Uranoscopidae, the benthic living fishes distributed worldwide in tropical and temperate oceans.
Aenigmachanna gollum, the Gollum snakehead, is a species of aquifer-dwelling dragon snakehead fish that is endemic to the Indian state of Kerala.
Aenigmachanna mahabali, the Mahabali snakehead, is a species of troglophilic snakehead fish that is endemic to the Indian state of Kerala.The fish is named after Mahabali, an asura king from Hindu mythology who lived underground and is associated with Onam. It is known from a single specimen recovered from a well over 200 kilometers south of the locality where its closest relative, A. gollum, was found. Alongside A. gollum, it is unique for being the only known cave-dwelling snakehead fish. It can be distinguished from A. gollum due to having fewer dorsal fin rays, vertebrae, and lateral scales, as well as its pectoral fin rays extending beyond the margin of the membrane, forming filaments.
Otocinclus juruenae is a species of armoured catfish endemic to the Juruena river in Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Rhyacoschistura is a genus of stone loaches from Laos. It was described in 2019 to accommodate a new species, R. larreci. Additionally, Rhyacoschistura suber was redescribed with new adult specimens and was moved to Rhyacoschistura from Schistura.