| Sisoridae Temporal range: Pliocene - Recent | |
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| Bagarius yarrelli | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| (unranked): | Otophysi |
| Order: | Siluriformes |
| Superfamily: | Sisoroidea |
| Family: | Sisoridae Bleeker, 1858 |
| Genera [1] | |
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Sisoridae is a family of catfishes. These Asian catfishes live in fast-moving waters and often have adaptations that allow them to adhere to objects in their habitats. The family includes about 235 species.
The family Sisoridae is recognized as a natural, monophyletic group based on morphological and molecular evidence. [3] It is divided into two subfamilies, Sisorinae and Glyptosterninae (glyptosternoids). The Sisorinae contain the five genera Bagarius , Gagata , Gogangra , Nangra , and Sisor . The Glyptosterninae contain three tribes. Glyptothoracini contains only the genus Glyptothorax and Pseudecheneidina contains only the genus Pseudecheneis . The remaining genera, Chimarrichthys , Exostoma , Glaridoglanis , Glyptosternon , Myersglanis , Oreoglanis , Parachiloglanis , Pareuchiloglanis , and Pseudexostoma , are contained in the tribe Glyptosternina. [1] The monophyly of the entire family and the tribe Glyptosterninae are well supported by osteological morphology and molecular data. [3]
In the genera Glyptothorax (tribe Glyptothoracini) and Pseudecheneis (tribe Pseudecheneidina), the species have thoracic adhesive apparatuses to attach to objects in the stream bed; in Glyptothorax, grooves of this apparatus run parallel or oblique to the axis of the body, while in Pseudecheneis grooves run transverse to the axis of the body. The thoracic adhesive apparatus is not present in the other sisorid genera. The paired fins may be plaited to form an adhesive apparatus in Pseudecheneis, glyptosternoids, and variably in Glyptothorax. Thus, glyptosternoids lack a thoracic adhesive apparatus, but do have plaited paired fins, and members of the subfamily Sisorinae lack either a thoracic adhesive apparatus or plaited paired fins. [1]
The monophyly of certain glyptosternoid genera is doubtful. The paraphyly of Pareuchiloglanis, Oreoglanis, and Pseudexostoma (with the possible inclusion of Myersglanis and Parachiloglanis) has been demonstrated and a rediagnosis of glyptosternine genera is needed. [4]
Evidence from a 2007 molecular analysis supports polyphyly of Pareuchiloglanis. Glaridoglanis might be a basal member of the tribe Glyptosternina. Pseudecheneis may be placed in the tribe Glyptosternina, but its sister-group relationship between it and the monophyletic glyptosternoids cannot be rejected. [3]
It has been proposed to move the genera of Erethistidae into Sisoridae. [5]
Sisorids inhabit freshwater and originate from southern Asia, from Turkey and Syria to South China and Borneo, primarily in the Oriental region. [6] Glyptosterninae is distributed from the Caucasus to China. [7] Most glyptosternine genera are found in China, with the exception of Myersglanis. [3] Glyptosternoid catfish species have restricted distributions, and many apparently wide-ranging species have been shown to consist of more than one species, each with restricted distributions. [8] Sisorids are mostly small forms inhabit mountain streams. [6]
The oldest known sisorid fossil is B. bagarius found in Sumatra and India of the Pliocene. [9] The origin of glyptosternoid fishes could be in the later Pliocene. [9] Another study proposes glyptosternoids possibly originated in the Oligocene-Miocene boundary (19–24 Mya) and radiated from the Miocene to Pleistocene along with several rapid speciation events in a relatively short time. [3] The three great uplifts of the Qinghai/Tibet Plateau destroyed the pattern of river systems in the late Pliocene to the early Pleistocene. The ancestor of Euchiloglanis originated from the allied Glyptosternon in the second uplift and Pareuchiloglanis, Pseudexostoma, Oreoglanis, Exostoma, and Glaridoglanis originated with the third uplift. The Exostoma group (Exostoma, Pseudexostoma, and Oreoglanis) originated after the outline of the Qinghai/Tibet Plateau was formed. The speciation of this group was not strong and the distribution limited. [9]
Most of these fish have four pairs of barbels and a large adipose fin. The maximum size is 2 metres. [6] In all fish except those of the subfamily Sisorinae, some sort of adhesive apparatus, either in the form of a thoracic adhesive apparatus or in plaited paired fins, allow the fish to adhere to objects. [1]
Erethistidae are a family of catfishes that originate from southern Asia. It includes about 45 species.
Pseudolaguvia is a genus of South Asian river catfishes. These species inhabit hill streams and large rivers. P. tenebricosa is found in fast running, clear water; the river has a sandy bottom and numerous rocks and boulders and aquatic vegetation is absent. P. inornata is from clear, shallow, moderately flowing streams with a predominantly sandy bottom. P. muricata is found in clear, shallow, slow-flowing streams with a mixed substrate of sand and detritus; these fish are found amongst detritus in areas with current. P. ferula is also found in swift flowing waters with a mixed rocky/sandy bottom.
Oreoglanis is a genus of fish in the family Sisoridae native to Asia. These fish live in fast-flowing streams in China, mainland Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. They are mainly distributed in the Mekong, upper Salween and Irrawaddy River drainages. They range from the Brahmaputra basin to the Lam River drainage in central Vietnam. They are easily distinguished from other catfishes by their strongly depressed head and body and greatly enlarged paired fins that have been modified to form an adhesive apparatus. The flattened shape of these fish and the large pectoral and pelvic fins provide essential adhesion in the fast-flowing waters they live in.
Oreoglanis macronemus is a species of sisorid catfish. It is known only from four preserved specimens collected from the Xiangkhoang Plateau, northern Laos, by an expedition led by Jean Théodore Delacour in the mid-1920s and misidentified as Euchiloglanis sp. These specimens are in the Natural History Museum, London.
Glyptothorax is a genus of catfishes order Siluriformes of the family Sisoridae. It is the most species-rich and widely distributed genus in the family with new species being discovered on a regular basis. These species are distributed in the Black Sea basin, northern Turkey, south and east to the Yangtze River drainage in China and south throughout Indo-China to Java, Indonesia. They are found in Asia Minor and southwards to Southeast Asia. The genus is very diverse in the Indian subcontinent. Southeast Asian species tend to have restricted distributions.
Myersglanis is a genus of sisorid catfishes native to Asia.
Caelatoglanis zonatus is a species of catfish of the family Erethistidae. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Caelatoglanis.
Ayarnangra estuarius is a species of catfish of the family Erethistidae. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Ayarnangra.
Glaridoglanis andersonii is a species of catfish of the family Sisoridae. It is the only species of the monotypic genus Glaridoglanis.
Erethistoides is a genus of South Asian river catfishes.
Erethistes is a genus of South Asian river catfishes.
Pseudecheneis is a genus of sisorid catfishes native to Asia.
Bagarius is an Asian genus of catfishes of the family Sisoridae. It includes five to six extant species and potentially one extinct fossil species, B. gigas.
Exostoma is a genus of sisorid catfishes native to Asia. These species are distributed in the Brahmaputra drainage of north-eastern India, and east and south to the Salween drainages in Burma. E. berdmorei is found in the Sittang and Salween drainages in Burma. E. labiatum is known from the Brahmaputra drainage in north-eastern India, but has also been recorded in the Salween drainage in Burma, the Ayeyarwady drainage in China, and the Brahmaputra drainage in Tibet and Burma. E. stuarti is from the Ayeyarwady River of Burma and India; however, it has not been collected since its original discovery. E. labiatum is found in mountain rapids.
Glyptosternon is a genus of sisorid catfishes native to Asia.
Pseudexostoma is a genus of fish in the family Sisoridae endemic to China. These species are restricted to the upper Salween and one upper branch of the Irrawaddy in China. P. brachysoma is known only from the middle and lower Nujiang River. P. yunnanensis is only known from the upper Dayinjiang. These rivers were once connected, but are now separated. Also, the environment and temperature of the Nujiang River became greatly different between the northern and southern areas, leading to speciation.
Pareuchiloglanis is a genus of sisorid catfishes native to Asia. These species are rheophilic catfish chiefly found in the headwaters of major rivers in South and East Asia. They originate from the Brahmaputra drainage in India, east and south to the Yangtze drainage in China and the Annamese Cordillera drainages in southern Vietnam. Two species are known from the Mekong River: P. myzostoma and P. gracilicaudata. Four species are known from the drainage of China: P. abbreviatus, P. gracilicaudata, P. myzostoma and P. prolixdorsalis.
Chimarrichthys kishinouyei is a species of sisorid catfish native to Asia.
Pseudecheneis sulcata, the sucker throat catfish, is a species of sisorid catfish. It is found in India, Nepal and Bangladesh.
Exostoma peregrinator is a species of sisorid catfish in the family Sisoridae. It is found in Thailand.
| Authority control databases: National |
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