| Glyptosternon | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Glyptosternon reticulatum | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Siluriformes |
| Family: | Sisoridae |
| Tribe: | Glyptosternina |
| Genus: | Glyptosternon McClelland, 1842 |
| Type species | |
| Glyptosternon reticulatum McClelland, 1842 | |
| Synonyms | |
Glyptosternon is a genus of sisorid catfishes native to Asia.
There are currently four recognized species in this genus: [1] [2] [3]
Some authorities recognize another:
Glyptosternon species are distributed in Indus drainage in Afghanistan, Pakistan, India (in the state of Jammu and Kashmir), Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and western China, east to the Irrawaddy drainage in Burma. [4] G. akharti is from the Bamian River of the Oxus Watershed of the Indus drainage in Afghanistan. G. maculatum is found in the Brahmaputra drainage of India and China. G. reticulatum is from the Indus drainage including Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kashmir, and western China. [4] G. oschanini is known from the Upper Syr Darya and probably Amu Darya in Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan [2]
Exostoma is distinguished by having the combination of an interrupted groove behind the lip (post-labial groove), the gill openings extending onto the underside (venter), homodont dentition with pointed teeth in both jaws, a crescent-shaped tooth patch in the upper jaw, and 10–12 branched pectoral rays. [4] The head is depressed with a broadly rounded snout. The body is elongate and flattened ventrally to the pelvic fins. The eyes are minute, dorsally located, and under the skin (subcutaneous). The lips are thick, fleshy, and papillated. The teeth in both jaws are pointed and the tooth patches in the upper jaw are joined, forming a band produced posteriorly at sides (crescent-shaped). The paired fins are plaited to form an adhesive apparatus. [4]
G. maculatum and G. reticulatum grow to between 24.0–25.5 centimetres (9.4–10.0 inches). [5] [6]
Glyptosternon malaisei was known only from the type, which is from the Irrawaddy drainage in Burma. A recently published study reidentifies G. malaisei as a species of Glaridoglanis, on the basis of the spatulate, homodont dentition on both jaws and the premaxillary tooth patch not extending posterolaterally; and considers it to be a junior subjective synonym of Glaridoglanis andersonii . [3]
G. maculatum is found in mountain rapids. [5] G. reticulatum is found in rivers and streams under stones and rocks. It feeds mainly on invertebrates, especially insect larvae. [6]
Sisoridae is a family of catfishes. These Asian catfishes live in fast-moving waters and often have adaptations that allow them to adhere to objects in their habitats. The family includes about 235 species.
Erethistidae are a family of catfishes that originate from southern Asia. It includes about 45 species.
Oreoglanis is a genus of fish in the family Sisoridae native to Asia. These fish live in fast-flowing streams in China, mainland Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. They are mainly distributed in the Mekong, upper Salween and Irrawaddy River drainages. They range from the Brahmaputra basin to the Lam River drainage in central Vietnam. They are easily distinguished from other catfishes by their strongly depressed head and body and greatly enlarged paired fins that have been modified to form an adhesive apparatus. The flattened shape of these fish and the large pectoral and pelvic fins provide essential adhesion in the fast-flowing waters they live in.
Glyptothorax is a genus of catfishes order Siluriformes of the family Sisoridae. It is the most species-rich and widely distributed genus in the family with new species being discovered on a regular basis. These species are distributed in the Black Sea basin, northern Turkey, south and east to the Yangtze River drainage in China and south throughout Indo-China to Java, Indonesia. They are found in Asia Minor and southwards to Southeast Asia. The genus is very diverse in the Indian subcontinent. Southeast Asian species tend to have restricted distributions.
Myersglanis is a genus of sisorid catfishes native to Asia.
Caelatoglanis zonatus is a species of catfish of the family Erethistidae. It is the only member of the monotypic genus Caelatoglanis.
Glaridoglanis andersonii is a species of catfish of the family Sisoridae. It is the only species of the monotypic genus Glaridoglanis.
Parachiloglanis hodgarti, the torrent catfish, is a species of catfish of the family Sisoridae.
Erethistoides is a genus of South Asian river catfishes.
Erethistes is a genus of South Asian river catfishes.
Pseudecheneis is a genus of sisorid catfishes native to Asia.
Bagarius is an Asian genus of catfishes of the family Sisoridae. It includes five to six extant species and potentially one extinct fossil species, B. gigas.
Exostoma is a genus of sisorid catfishes native to Asia. These species are distributed in the Brahmaputra drainage of north-eastern India, and east and south to the Salween drainages in Burma. E. berdmorei is found in the Sittang and Salween drainages in Burma. E. labiatum is known from the Brahmaputra drainage in north-eastern India, but has also been recorded in the Salween drainage in Burma, the Ayeyarwady drainage in China, and the Brahmaputra drainage in Tibet and Burma. E. stuarti is from the Ayeyarwady River of Burma and India; however, it has not been collected since its original discovery. E. labiatum is found in mountain rapids.
Gogangra is a genus of sisorid catfishes native to Asia.
Sisor is a genus of catfishes native to Asia.
Gagata is a genus of sisorid catfishes native to Asia.
Nangra is a genus of sisorid catfishes native to Asia.
Pseudexostoma is a genus of fish in the family Sisoridae endemic to China. These species are restricted to the upper Salween and one upper branch of the Irrawaddy in China. P. brachysoma is known only from the middle and lower Nujiang River. P. yunnanensis is only known from the upper Dayinjiang. These rivers were once connected, but are now separated. Also, the environment and temperature of the Nujiang River became greatly different between the northern and southern areas, leading to speciation.
Pareuchiloglanis is a genus of sisorid catfishes native to Asia. These species are rheophilic catfish chiefly found in the headwaters of major rivers in South and East Asia. They originate from the Brahmaputra drainage in India, east and south to the Yangtze drainage in China and the Annamese Cordillera drainages in southern Vietnam. Two species are known from the Mekong River: P. myzostoma and P. gracilicaudata. Four species are known from the drainage of China: P. abbreviatus, P. gracilicaudata, P. myzostoma and P. prolixdorsalis.
Chimarrichthys kishinouyei is a species of sisorid catfish native to Asia.