Paraechinorhynchus

Paraechinorhynchus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Acanthocephala
Class:	Eoacanthocephala
Order:	Neoechinorhynchida
Family:	Neoechinorhynchidae
Genus:	Paraechinorhynchus Bilqees and Khan, 1983
Species:	P. kalriai
Binomial name
Paraechinorhynchus kalriai Bilqees and Khan, 1983 [1]

Paraechinorhynchus is a monotypic genus of acanthocephalans (thorny-headed or spiny-headed parasitic worms) containing a single species, Paraechinorhynchus kalriai, that infests the rohu.

Taxonomy

The species was described by Bilqees and Khan, 1983. ^[1] The National Center for Biotechnology Information does not indicate that any phylogenetic analysis has been published on Paraechinorhynchus that would confirm its position as a unique order in the family Neoechinorhynchidae. ^[2]

Description

P. kalriai consists of a proboscis covered in 18 hooks in 3 spiral rows of 4, 6 and 8 hooks respectively, a proboscis receptacle, and a trunk. ^[1]

Distribution

The distribution of P. kalriai is determined by that of its hosts. It was found in Kalri Lake, Sind, Pakistan. ^[1]

Hosts

Life cycle of Acanthocephala.

The life cycle of an acanthocephalan consists of three stages beginning when an infective acanthor (development of an egg) is released from the intestines of the definitive host and then ingested by an arthropod, the intermediate host. Although the intermediate hosts of Paraechinorhynchus are ???. When the acanthor molts, the second stage called the acanthella begins. This stage involves penetrating the wall of the mesenteron or the intestine of the intermediate host and growing. The final stage is the infective cystacanth which is the larval or juvenile state of an Acanthocephalan, differing from the adult only in size and stage of sexual development. The cystacanths within the intermediate hosts are consumed by the definitive host, usually attaching to the walls of the intestines, and as adults they reproduce sexually in the intestines. The acanthor are passed in the feces of the definitive host and the cycle repeats. There may be paratenic hosts (hosts where parasites infest but do not undergo larval development or sexual reproduction) for Paraechinorhynchus. ^[5]

P. kalriai parasitizes the rohu (Labeo rohita). ^[1] There are no reported cases of P. kalriai infesting humans in the English language medical literature. ^[4]

• Hosts for Paraechinorhynchus kalriai
• 
  The rohu is a host for P. kalriai.

Notes

1. There are no known aberrant human infections for P. kalriai species. ^[4]

References

1. Bilqees, F. M., & Aly Khan, A. K. (1983). Paraechinorhynchus kalriai ng, n. sp.(Neoechinorhynchidea: Neoechinorhynchinae) from Labeo rohita (Ham).
2. Schoch, Conrad L; Ciufo, Stacy; Domrachev, Mikhail; Hotton, Carol L; Kannan, Sivakumar; Khovanskaya, Rogneda; Leipe, Detlef; Mcveigh, Richard; O’Neill, Kathleen; Robbertse, Barbara; Sharma, Shobha; Soussov, Vladimir; Sullivan, John P; Sun, Lu; Turner, Seán; Karsch-Mizrachi, Ilene (2020). "NCBI Taxonomy: a comprehensive update on curation, resources and tools". Database : The Journal of Biological Databases and Curation. NCBI. doi:10.1093/database/baaa062. PMC   7408187 . PMID   32761142 . Retrieved 1 April 2024.
3. CDC’s Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria (11 April 2019). "Acanthocephaliasis". www.cdc.gov. Center for Disease Control. Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
4. Mathison, BA; et al. (2021). "Human Acanthocephaliasis: a Thorn in the Side of Parasite Diagnostics". J Clin Microbiol. 59 (11): e02691-20. doi:10.1128/JCM.02691-20. PMC   8525584 . PMID   34076470.
5. Schmidt, G.D. (1985). "Development and life cycles". In Crompton, D.W.T.; Nickol, B.B. (eds.). Biology of the Acanthocephala (PDF). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 273–305. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2023.