| Pararhizobium giardinii | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Alphaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Hyphomicrobiales |
| Family: | Rhizobiaceae |
| Genus: | Pararhizobium |
| Species: | P. giardinii |
| Binomial name | |
| Pararhizobium giardinii (Amarger et al. 1997) Mousavi et al. 2015 [1] | |
| Biovars | |
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| Synonyms | |
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Pararhizobium giardinii is a Gram negative root nodule bacteria. It forms nitrogen-fixing root nodules on legumes, being first isolated from those of Phaseolus vulgaris . [2] [3]
Rhizobia are diazotrophic bacteria that fix nitrogen after becoming established inside the root nodules of legumes (Fabaceae). To express genes for nitrogen fixation, rhizobia require a plant host; they cannot independently fix nitrogen. In general, they are gram negative, motile, non-sporulating rods.
Rhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. Rhizobium species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of (primarily) legumes and other flowering plants.
Ensifer meliloti are an aerobic, Gram-negative, and diazotrophic species of bacteria. S. meliloti are motile and possess a cluster of peritrichous flagella. S. meliloti fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia for their legume symbionts, such as alfalfa. S. meliloti forms a symbiotic relationship with legumes from the genera Medicago, Melilotus and Trigonella, including the model legume Medicago truncatula. This symbiosis promotes the development of a plant organ, termed a root nodule. Because soil often contains a limited amount of nitrogen for plant use, the symbiotic relationship between S. meliloti and their legume hosts has agricultural applications. These techniques reduce the need for inorganic nitrogenous fertilizers.
Root nodules are found on the roots of plants, primarily legumes, that form a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, capable plants form a symbiotic relationship with a host-specific strain of bacteria known as rhizobia. This process has evolved multiple times within the legumes, as well as in other species found within the Rosid clade. Legume crops include beans, peas, and soybeans.
Bradyrhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria, many of which fix nitrogen. Nitrogen fixation is an important part of the nitrogen cycle. Plants cannot use atmospheric nitrogen (N2); they must use nitrogen compounds such as nitrates.
Ensifer is a genus of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia), three of which have been sequenced.
Neorhizobium galegae is a Gram negative root nodule bacteria. It forms nitrogen-fixing root nodules on legumes in the genus Galega.
Mesorhizobium loti, formerly known as Rhizobium loti, is a Gram negative species of bacteria found in the root nodules of many plant species. Its name is a reference to Lotus corniculatus, a flowering plant from which it was originally isolated.
Herbaspirillum lusitanum is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium found in root nodules of common beans. Phylogenetic analyses have shown this bacterium belongs to the genus Herbaspirillum. H. lusitanum lacks the nif gene. A nodD-like gene is present, but no other nod genes have been identified. The lack of nif and nod genes suggests H. lusitanum is an opportunistic bacterium capable of colonizing root nodules, but is unable to fix nitrogen.
Ensifer fredii is a nitrogen fixing bacteria of the genus Sinorhizobium. It is a fast-growing root nodule bacteria. Sinorhizobium fredii exhibit a broad host-range and are able to nodulate both determinant hosts such as soy as well as indeterminate hosts including the pigeon pea. Because of their ease of host infection there is interest in their genetics and the symbiotic role in host infection and nodule formation.
Rhizobium gallicum is a Gram-negative root-nodule bacterium. It forms nitrogen-fixing root nodules on legumes, being first isolated from those of Phaseolus vulgaris.
Azospirillum halopraeferens is a species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with the roots of Diplachne fusca and black mangrove. It is microaerophilic and its type strain is Au 4.
Rhizobium mongolense is a Gram negative root nodule bacteria, which nodulates and forms nitrogen-fixing symbioses with Medicago ruthenica. Its type strain is USDA 1844.
Neorhizobium huautlense is a Gram negative root nodule bacterium. It forms nitrogen-fixing root nodules on Sesbania herbacea.
Mesorhizobium ciceri is a gram-negative, nitrogen-fixing motile bacteria from the genus of Mesorhizobium which was isolated from Chickpea nodules of Cicer arietinum in Spain. Rhizobium cicero was transferred to Mesorhizobium ciceri.
Mesorhizobium mediterraneum is a bacterium from the genus Mesorhizobium, which was isolated from root nodule of the Chickpea in Spain. The species Rhizobium mediterraneum was subsequently transferred to Mesorhizobium mediterraneum. This species, along with many other closely related taxa, have been found to promote production of chickpea and other crops worldwide by forming symbiotic relationships.
Gluconacetobacter azotocaptans is a species of acetic acid bacteria first isolated from rhizospheres and rhizoplanes of coffee plants. Its type strain is CFN-Ca54T.
Rhizobium lusitanum is a Gram negative root nodule bacteria, specifically nodulating Phaseolus vulgaris. Its type strain is P1-7T.
Ensifer americanus is a bacterium first isolated from root nodules of Acacia species native of Mexico. Its type strain is CFNEI 156.
Pararhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. Some species of Pararhizobium form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of legumes.
