Parmelia is a genus of medium to large foliose lichens. It has a global distribution, extending from the Arctic to the Antarctic continent but concentrated in temperate regions. There are about 40 species in Parmelia. In recent decades, the once large genus Parmelia has been divided into a number of smaller genera according to thallus morphology and phylogenetic relatedness.
Pseudevernia is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. The type species of the genus, Pseudevernia furfuracea, has substantial commercial value in the perfume industry.
Parmotrema is a genus of lichen belonging to the family Parmeliaceae. It is a large genus, containing an estimated 300 species, with a centre of diversity in subtropical regions of South America and the Pacific Islands.
Mason Ellsworth Hale, Jr. was one of the most prolific lichenologists of the 20th century. Many of his scholarly articles focused on the taxonomy of the family Parmeliaceae. Hale was one of the first lichen experts to incorporate secondary chemistry and technology such as computers and scanning electron microscopy into taxonomic work. Mason Hale published approximately two hundred articles and books on various aspects of lichen biology including taxonomy, anatomy, chemistry, and ecology. Hale also wrote several books aimed at education and increasing accessibility to lichens.
Parmotrema betaniae is a species of corticolous lichen in the family Parmeliaceae that is found in Venezuela. It was described as a new species in 1986 by lichenologist Mason Hale. The holotype was collected in Táchira State, in the valley of Páramo de Tamá, at an elevation of 2,300 metres (7,500 ft). It has also been recorded from Bolivia. Its thallus measures up to 14 cm (5.5 in) in diameter. It is characterized by the pigmentation of most of its medulla, coloured pale orange or salmon-red to yellow.
Parmotrema abessinicum is a species of corticolous lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It has been recorded from Africa, Asia, and Oceania.
Parmotrema abnuens is a species of corticolous lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was first introduced to science in 1885 as a species of Parmelia by William Nylander in 1885, who described the lichen from samples collected in Uruguay. Mason Hale transferred it to the genus Parmotrema in 1974. The species has also been recorded from Brazil and India.
Parmotrema adspersum is a species of lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was originally described as a species of Parmelia by Edvard August Vainio in 1907. John Elix transferred it to Parmotrema in 2002, reasoning that its thick-walled ascospores are typical of that genus. Parmotrema adspersum is common in Thailand and the Philippines.
Parmotrema aldabrense is a species of lichen in the family Parmeliaceae that is found in Africa. It was first described by Carroll William Dodge in 1959 as a species of Parmelia. Mason Hale transferred it to the genus Parmotrema in 1974. The type collection was made in the Aldabra Islands, where it was found growing on tamarind. It has also been recorded from Madagascar. The lichen has an olive-buff coloured thallus measuring up to 14 cm (5.5 in) in diameter.
Parmotrema amboimense is a species of lichen in the family Parmeliaceae that is found in Africa. It was first described by Carroll William Dodge in 1959 as a species of Parmelia. Mason Hale transferred it to the genus Parmotrema in 1974. The type collection was made in Cuanza Sul Province (Angola), where it was found growing at an elevation of 1,000 m (3,300 ft); Dodge also noted the presence of the lichen in Cameroon and Uganda. Parmotrema amboimense has a pale olive-buff coloured thallus measuring up to 10 cm (4 in) in diameter.
Parmotrema mellissii is a widely distributed species of corticolous lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was first described by Carroll William Dodge in 1959 as a species of Parmelia. Mason Hale transferred it to the genus Parmotrema in 1974. The type collection was made in Saint Helena. Parmotrema mellissii has a pale yellowish-buff coloured thallus at least 12 cm (5 in) in diameter, comprising rounded lobes about 15 mm wide and long. It has been found in the southern U.S.A., the Neotropics from Mexico to Colombia and Brazil, Africa, Asia, Australia and Oceania.
Parmotrema araucariarum is a species of lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was first described scientifically as a species of Parmelia by Austrian botanist Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1909. Mason Hale transferred it to the genus Parmotrema in 1974. The lichen has been reported from Kenya, Tanzania, and South America.
Crespoa is a genus of five species of lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Species in this genus are characterized by having an upper thallus surface that is wrinkled and reticulately ridged to coarsely foveolate.
Parmotrema zollingeri is a species of lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was originally described in 1860 as a species of Parmelia by German lichenologist Johann Adam Philipp Hepp, and named after Swiss botanist Heinrich Zollinger. Mason Hale transferred it to the genus Parmotrema in 1974.
Parmotrema andinum is a species of lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It was first described as new to science in 1879 by Johannes Müller Argoviensis as a species of Parmelia. Mason Hale transferred it to Parmotrema in 1975. It is found in Africa, Asia, and South America. In Mauritania, this species is used as tobacco. A metabolomic analysis of this lichen revealed the presence of 30 secondary compounds.
Parmotrema appendiculatum is a species of lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in South America, it was originally described by French botanist Antoine Laurent Apollinaire Fée in 1837 as a species of Parmelia. Mason Hale transferred it to the genus Parmotrema in 1974.
Parmotrema rampoddense, commonly known as the long-whiskered ruffle lichen, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is widely distributed in tropical regions and grows on the bark of oak and palm trees.
Parmotrema arnoldii, commonly known as the powdered ruffle lichen, is a widely distributed species of lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It has been recorded from Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania, Macaronesia, and North and South America.
Robert "Bob" Shaw Egan is a botanist and lichenologist, specializing in the family Parmeliaceae. He was the president of the American Bryological and Lichenological Society from 1999 to 2001.
