Particularly vulnerable tribal group

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A particularly vulnerable tribal group or PVTG (previously known as a primitive tribal group), in the context of India, is a sub-classification of Scheduled Tribe or section of a Scheduled Tribe, that is considered more vulnerable than a regular Scheduled Tribe. The PVTG list was created by the Indian Government with the purpose of better improving the living standards of endangered tribal groups based on priority. PVTGs reside in 18 states and one union territory. [1] [2]

Contents

Classification of tribes in India Infograph of tribal classification (India).svg
Classification of tribes in India
A protest walk by Baigas, the particularly vulnerable tribe of Chhattisgarh. Baiga adivasi in protest walk, India.jpg
A protest walk by Baigas, the particularly vulnerable tribe of Chhattisgarh.

Origin of the concept

The Dhebar Commission (1960-1961) [3] found that within the Scheduled Tribe classification an inequality existed in the rate of development of certain tribes over others. As a result in the fourth Five Year Plan the sub-category "Primitive tribal group" was created within the grouping of Scheduled Tribe to identify groups considered to be especially lacking in modern development. The features of such a group include a pre-agricultural system of existence, that is practice of hunting and gathering, zero or negative population growth, and extremely low levels of literacy in comparison with other tribal groups. [4] [5]

Groups that satisfied any of the criteria were considered to be a Primitive Tribal Group. At the conclusion of the Fifth Five year plan, 52 communities were identified as being a "primitive tribal group" based on recommendations made by Indian state governments. [4] [5] At the conclusion of the Sixth Five year plan 20 additional groups were added and 2 more were added in the Seventh Five year plan and finally one more group was added in the eighth five-year plan, for a total 75 groups were identified as Primitive Tribal Group. [6] The 75th group recognised as PTG were the Maram in Manipur in 1993–94. No new group was declared as PTG on the basis of the 2001 census. [7]

In 2006 the government of India changed the name of "Primitive tribal group" to "Particularly vulnerable tribal group" [8] PTG has since been renamed Particularly vulnerable tribal group by the government of India. [9]

Chenchu people, the PVTG of Andhra Pradesh hunting. Chenchus hunting .jpg
Chenchu people, the PVTG of Andhra Pradesh hunting.

Other issues

Until 2018 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups were not allowed contraceptive use by the Indian Government because of their often declining or stagnant population growth. Based on the assumption that allowing them to use contraception would hamper efforts to increase the size of their populations. However in 2018 the High Court of Chhattisgarh in a Public Interest Litigation found this to be a violation of their right to privacy and ruled that they had the right to contraceptives. The PVTG of Chhattisgarh got these rights amidst concerns of family planning amongst many of them particularly the Baigas. [10]

List

Sl. No.Name of PVTGNotified StatePopulation (2011)
1 Chenchu Andhra Pradesh and Telangana 64227
2Bodo Gadaba38081
3Gutob Gadaba
4 Dongria Khond 103290
5Kultia Khond
6Kolam44912
7 Konda Reddi 107747
8Kondasavara139424
9Bondo Porja-
10Khond Porja-
11Parengi Proja36502
12 Thoti 4811
13Asur Bihar Jharkhand 4129
14 Birhor 377
15Birjia208
16Hill Kharia11569
17 Korwa 452
18 Mal Paharia 2225
19Parhaiya647
20 Sauria Paharia 1932
21Savar80
22Kolgha Gujarat 67119
23 Kathodi 13632
24Kotwalia24249
25 Padhar 30932
26 Siddi 8661
27 Jenu Kuruba Karnataka 36076
28 Koraga 14794
29Cholanaikayan Kerala 124
30Kadar2949
31 Kattunayakan 18199
32Koraga1582
33 Kurumba 2586
34Abujh Maria Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh 5093124
35 Baiga 414526
36 Bharia 193230
37Birhor52
38Hill Korwa-
39Kamar666
40 Sahariya 165
41 Katkari/ Kathodi 285334
42Kolam194671
43Maria Gond1618090
44 Maram Naga Manipur 27524
45Chuktia Bhunjia Odisha 2378
46Birhor596
47 Bondo 12231
48 Didayi 8890
49Dongria Khond6306
50 Juang 47095
51 Kharia 222844
52Kutia Khond7232
53Lanjia Saura5960
54 Lodha 9785
55 Mankirdia 2222
56Paudi Bhuya5788
57Saura534751
58 Saharia Rajasthan 111377
59 Irular Tamil Nadu 189661
60Kattunayakan46672
61Kota308
62Korumba6823
63 Paniyan 10134
64Toda2002
65Raing Tripura 188220
66 Buksa Uttar Pradesh and Uttrakhand 4710
67 Raji 2241
68Birhor West Bengal 2241
69Lodha108707
70Toto66627
71 Great Andamanese Andaman & Nico- bar Islands 44
72 Jarawa 380
73 Onge 101
74 Sentinelese 15
75 Shompen 229

References

  1. B. M. L. Patel (1 January 1998). Agrarian Transformation In Tribal India. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 313–. ISBN   978-81-7533-086-3 . Retrieved 2 April 2013.
  2. "Revised scheme of "Development of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups" - PVTGs" (PDF). tribal.nic.in. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 27 Jun 2022.
  3. Ram Nath Sharma; Dr. Rajendra K. Sharma (2004). Problems Of Education In India. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. pp. 46–. ISBN   978-81-7156-612-9 . Retrieved 2 April 2013.
  4. 1 2 Jasodhara Bagchi; Sarmistha Dutta Gupta (2005). The Changing Status of Women in West Bengal, 1970-2000: The Challenge Ahead. SAGE Publications. p. 130. ISBN   978-0-7619-3242-0 . Retrieved 2 April 2013.
  5. 1 2 Sarit Kumar Chaudhuri; Sucheta Sen Chaudhuri (2005). Primitive Tribes in Contemporary India: Concept, Ethnography and Demography. Mittal Publications. p. 2. ISBN   978-81-8324-026-0 . Retrieved 2 April 2013.
  6. Bhagyalaxmi Mahapatra (2011). Development of a Primitive Tribe: A Study of Didayis. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 47–49. ISBN   978-81-8069-782-1 . Retrieved 2 April 2013.
  7. Komol Singha (2011). Economy of a Tribal Village. Concept Publishing Company. p. 21. ISBN   978-81-8069-745-6 . Retrieved 2 April 2013.
  8. Laxmikanth. Governance In India. McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited. pp. 14–. ISBN   978-0-07-107466-7 . Retrieved 2 April 2013.
  9. "Misconstruing order, Chhattisgarh tribals denied sterilisation for three decades". 2012-10-31. Retrieved 3 April 2013.
  10. Bhuyan, Anoo. "Tribal Women in Chhattisgarh Win Right to Access Contraception". The wire. Archived from the original on 2021-05-06. Retrieved 2020-09-01.
  11. "Welfare of particularly vulnerable Tribal groups". www.pib.gov.in. Archived from the original on 2024-12-09. Retrieved 2025-05-19.