Particularly vulnerable tribal group

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A particularly vulnerable tribal group or PVTG (previously known as a Primitive tribal group), in the context of India, is a sub-classification of Scheduled Tribe or section of a Scheduled Tribe, that is considered more vulnerable than a regular Scheduled Tribe. The PVTG list was created by the Indian Government with the purpose of better improving the living standards of endangered tribal groups based on priority. PVTGs reside in 18 States and one union territory. [1] [2]

Contents

Classification of tribes in India Infograph of tribal classification (india).jpg
Classification of tribes in India
A protest walk by Baigas, the Particularly vulnerable tribe of Chhattisgarh. Baiga adivasi in protest walk, India.jpg
A protest walk by Baigas, the Particularly vulnerable tribe of Chhattisgarh.

Origin of the concept

The Dhebar Commission (1960-1961) [3] found that within the Scheduled Tribe classification an inequality existed in the rate of development of certain tribes over others. As a result in the fourth Five Year Plan the sub-category "Primitive tribal group" was created within the grouping of Scheduled Tribe to identify groups considered to be especially lacking in modern development. The features of such a group include a pre-agricultural system of existence, that is practice of hunting and gathering, zero or negative population growth, and extremely low levels of literacy in comparison with other tribal groups. [4] [5]

Groups that satisfied any of the criteria were considered to be a Primitive Tribal Group. At the conclusion of the Fifth Five year plan, 52 communities were identified as being a "primitive tribal group" based on recommendations made by Indian state governments. [4] [5] At the conclusion of the Sixth Five year plan 20 additional groups were added and 2 more were added in the Seventh Five year plan and finally one more group was added in the eighth five-year plan, for a total 75 groups were identified as Primitive Tribal Group. [6] The 75th group recognised as PTG were the Maram in Manipur in 1993-94. No new group was declared as PTG on the basis of the 2001 census. [7]

In 2006 the government of India changed the name of "Primitive tribal group" to "Particularly vulnerable tribal group" [8] PTG has since been renamed Particularly vulnerable tribal group by the government of India. [9]

Chenchu people, the PVTG of Andhra Pradesh hunting. Chenchus hunting .jpg
Chenchu people, the PVTG of Andhra Pradesh hunting.

Other issues

Until 2018 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups were not allowed contraceptive use by the Indian Government because of their often declining or stagnant population growth. Based on the assumption that allowing them to use contraception would hamper efforts to increase the size of their populations. However in 2018 the High Court of Chhattisgarh in a Public Interest Litigation found this to be a violation of their right to privacy and ruled that they had the right to contraceptives. The PVTG of Chhattisgarh got these rights amidst concerns of family planning amongst many of them particularly the Baigas. [10]

List

Sl. No.Name of PVTGNotified StatePopulation (2011)
1 Chenchu Andhra Pradesh 64227
2Bodo Gadaba38081
3Gutob Gadaba
4 Dongria Khond 103290
5Kultia Khond
6Kolam44912
7 Konda Reddi 107747
8Kondasavara139424
9Bondo Porja-
10Khond Porja-
11Parengi Proja36502
12 Thoti 4811
13Asur Bihar 4129
14 Birhor 377
15Birjia208
16Hill Kharia11569
17 Korwa 452
18 Mal Paharia 2225
19Parhaiya647
20 Sauria Paharia 1932
21Savar80
29Kolgha Gujarat 67119
30 Kathodi 13632
31Kotwalia24249
32 Padhar 30932
33 Siddi 8661
34Asur Jharkhand 22459
35Birhor10726
36Birjia6276
37Hill Kharia196135
38Korwa35606
39Mal Paharia135797
40Parhaiya25585
41Sauria Paharia46222
42Savar9688
43 Jenu Kuruba Karnataka 36076
44 Koraga 14794
45Cholanai- kayan Kerala 124
46Kadar2949
47 Kattunayakan 18199
48Koraga1582
49 Kurumba 2586
50Abujh Maria Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh 5093124
51 Baiga 414526
52 Bharia 193230
53Birhor52
54Hill Korwa-
55Kamar666
56 Sahariya 165
57 Katkari/ Kathodi 285334
58Kolam194671
59Maria Gond1618090
60 Maram Naga Manipur 27524
61Chuktia Bhunjia Orisha 2378
62Birhor596
63 Bondo 12231
64 Didayi 8890
65Dongria Khond6306
66 Juang 47095
67 Kharia 222844
68Kutia Khond7232
69Lanjia Saura5960
70 Lodha 9785
71 Mankirdia 2222
72Paudi Bhuyan5788
73Saura534751
74 Saharia Rajasthan 1,11,377
75 Irular Tamil Nadu 189661
76Kattunayakan46672
77Kota308
78Korumba6823
79 Paniyan 10134
80Toda2002
81Riang Tripura 1,88,220
82 Buksa Uttar Pradesh 4710
83 Raji 2241
84 Buksa Uttrakhand 4710
85 Raji 1295
86Birhor West Bengal 2241
87Lodha1,08,707
88Toto66627
89 Great Andamanese Andaman & Nico- bar Islands 44
90 Jarawa 380
91 Onge 101
92 Sentinelese 15
93 Shompen 229

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References

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