Paul G. Pinsky

Last updated
Joan Rothgeb
​
(died 2020)​
Paul G. Pinsky
Paul Pinsky (53119203720) (cropped).jpg
Director of the Maryland Energy Administration
Incumbent
Assumed office
January 18, 2023
Children2 daughters
Residence University Park, Maryland [1]
OccupationTeacher and union organizer
Website https://senatorpinsky.org/

Paul G. Pinsky (born March 5, 1950) is an American educator, politician from Maryland. A member of the Democratic Party, he is currently the Director of the Maryland Energy Administration. [2] He was previously a member of the Maryland Senate, representing District 22 in Prince George's County.

Contents

Background

Pinsky was born in Camden, New Jersey on March 5, 1950, where he attended Moorestown Friends School. He left New Jersey to attend George Washington University in Washington, D.C., where he earned a B.A. degree in public affairs in 1972. [3] While at GWU, Pinsky attended protests in Washington, D.C. that opposed the Vietnam War and the apartheid in South Africa and supporting women's rights. He and his wife attended a national labor demonstration in the 1980s. [4] After graduating, Pinsky worked as an educator for Prince George's County Public Schools from 1976 to 1995 and worked as an organizer for the Maryland State Teachers Association until 2014. From 1983 to 1987, he served as president of the Prince George's County Educators' Association, a labor union that represents over 6,000 professional school employees. [3]

In 1986, Pinsky was elected to the Maryland House of Delegates, defeating incumbent David Bird in the Democratic primary election. [5]

Pinsky has been a member of Progressive Maryland since 2001. [3]

In the legislature

Pinsky in the Maryland Senate, 2008 Paul G. Pinsky (2008).jpg
Pinsky in the Maryland Senate, 2008

Pinsky was a member of the Maryland General Assembly from 1987 to 2023, first being elected to the Maryland House of Delegates. [3]

In 1994, Pinsky challenged incumbent Democratic senator Thomas P. O'Reilly. [6] During the primary election, O'Reilly resigned from the state senate to take an appointed post on the state Workers' Compensation Commission. Following his resignation, Democratic Party officials and aides of Senate President Thomas V. "Mike" Miller sought to appoint someone other than Pinsky to fill his vacancy, worrying that he would be "too liberal" and not enough of a team player. Pinsky was appointed to serve the rest of his term. [7] He defeated Hyattsville city councilmember Charles J. Kenny Jr. in the Democratic primary, receiving 74 percent of the vote. [8]

Pinsky has been a member of the Maryland State Senate since 1994. [3] Along with state senator Delores G. Kelley, he is the longest serving member of the Maryland Senate. [9]

In February 2019, Maryland Republicans condemned comments made by Pinsky during a debate on a bill that would return control of school calendars to local school boards as an effort to link governor Larry Hogan to former Alabama governor George Wallace. In an interview later, Pinsky said that he had nothing to apologize for, saying "If the senator conjures something in his head, so be it." [10] [11]

Following the resignation of Senate President Thomas Miller in October 2019, Pinsky tested the waters of running for Senate president. [12]

In December 2022, governor-elect Wes Moore named Pinsky to serve as the director of the Maryland Energy Administration. [2]

Committee assignments

Maryland Senate
House of Delegates

Other memberships

Political positions

Pinsky has been described as one of the most liberal members of the Maryland legislature. [4] He has gained a reputation as a champion of progressive causes, especially in relation to education and the environment.[ citation needed ]

Abortion

In 1988, Pinsky voted in favor of an amendment to an abortion bill that would have loosened the restrictions on Medicaid-financing of abortions. [13] In 1991, he voted in favor of a bill that would keep abortion legal in Maryland. [14]

COVID-19 pandemic

In May 2020, Pinsky sharply criticized Governor Hogan for his administration's acquisition of incomplete COVID-19 testing kits from South Korea. [15] During the 2021 legislative session, Pinsky supported legislation introduced by senator Clarence Lam that would set new rules for emergency procurements. [16] The bill passed and became law following a gubernatorial veto override on December 6, 2021. [17]

Education

Pinsky introduced legislation during the 2001 legislative session that would ban advertising in schools and prevent schools from entering into exclusive agreement with snack companies. [18] The bill was killed in the Senate, where legislators voted 26–18 to bar the proposal from coming to the Senate floor. [19]

Pinsky introduced legislation during the 2002 legislative session that would dismantle the elected school board of Prince George's County and replace it with an all-appointed panel that would serve for four years, and replace the position of superintendent and replace it with a chief executive officer. [20] [21]

Pinsky introduced legislation during the 2005 legislative session that would implement new limitations on sugary snacks in schools and require that schools attach timers to in-school vending machines that would shut them down automatically. [22]

Pinsky introduced legislation during the 2016 legislative session that would give legislators a role in selecting the state superintendent. The bill was withdrawn after its sponsors determined that it did not have enough support in the Maryland Senate to withstand a veto from Governor Hogan. [23]

Pinsky introduced legislation in the 2018 legislative session that would provide tuition-free community college for families that make less than $150,000 a year. [24] The bill passed and was signed into law by Governor Hogan on May 4, 2018. [25]

During the 2019 legislative session, Pinsky led a three-year effort of getting the Maryland General Assembly to pass the Kirwan Commission's reforms of public schools. [26] [27] In February, Pinsky voted down a bill that would expand the number of schools that can participate in the state's P-TECH program, saying that the program needed to be studied more before it could be expanded. [28] He also supported a bill that would overturn Governor Hogan's mandate requiring schools to start after Labor Day. [29] In April, he supported a bill that would provide an additional $700 million in funding for Maryland public schools over two years. [30]

Pinsky introduced legislation in the 2022 legislative session that would ensure access to high-quality course and extracurricular offerings to students of virtual schools, requires teachers of a virtual class to be employees of the county, and cap the number of students from a single school to attend the county's virtual school to 10 percent. [31]

Elections

Pinsky previously introduced legislation that would have decreased the number of signatures an independent candidate would need to make it on a ballot. [4]

In 2016, Pinsky proposed turning control over redistricting to a commission made up of legislative appointees provided that Republican states do the same. [32]

Pinsky introduced legislation in the 2018 legislative session that would require presidential candidates to release their tax returns to appear on the ballot in Maryland. [33]

Pinsky introduced legislation in the 2020 legislative session that would have created a ballot initiative that, if passed, would allowed gubernatorial candidates to select their running mate following the primary election. [34]

Pinsky introduced legislation in the 2021 legislative session that would create a tiered system for using public funds to match qualifying gubernatorial campaign contributions through the state's Fair Campaign Finance Fund. The bill passed and became law on May 30, 2021. [35]

During the 2021 special legislative session, Pinsky dismissed criticisms from Republicans that accused Maryland Democrats of passing congressional maps of using gerrymandering to draw a map that heavily favors the Democrats, saying that if Republicans opposed gerrymandering, they should support the federal For the People Act. [36] In August 2021, Pinsky attended a rally outside the U.S. Capitol with hundreds of state legislators to pressure the United States Senate to pass the For the People Act. [37]

During the 2022 legislative session, Pinsky introduced legislation that would give candidates the option of receiving public contributions from the state's Fair Campaign Financing Fund if they meet certain low-dollar fundraising thresholds and agree to spending limitations. [38] He also supported legislation that would require vacancies in the Maryland General Assembly to be filled using special elections instead of gubernatorial appointments. [39]

Environment

In 2008, Pinsky introduced the Global Warming Solutions Act, which requires that greenhouse gases be cut by 90 percent from all businesses in the state by 2050. An amendment introduced by senator Nathaniel Exum and backed by the administration of Governor Martin O'Malley weakened the bill's function by making this an advisory goal. [40]

In 2011, Pinsky was arrested at a civil disobedience protest in front of the White House against the construction of an oil pipeline. [41]

In 2016, Pinsky introduced the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Act, which requires the state to cut its greenhouse gases by 40 percent of its 2006 levels by 2030. [42] The bill passed and was signed into law by Governor Hogan on April 13, 2016. [43]

In 2017, Pinsky attended an activist rally outside of the Maryland State House to promote legislation that would ban hydraulic fracking in Maryland. [44]

In 2021, Pinsky introduced the Climate Solutions Now Act, which would increase the state's goal of cutting carbon emissions from a 40 percent reduction from its 2006 levels to a 60 percent cut by 2030. He was critical of an amended version of the bill that reduced the reduction goal to 50 percent introduced by leaders of the Maryland House of Delegates, arguing that the changes "reflect a lack of urgency the leadership in the House of Delegates feels about confronting climate change". [45] [46] After negotiations on Pinsky's bill broke down in the final weeks of the legislative session, [47] [48] Pinsky tried to tack the bill's priorities onto other separate bills. [49] [50] Negotiations on a climate bill continued following the end of the legislative session. [51] Pinsky reintroduced the legislation during the 2022 legislative session, [52] [53] [54] promising alongside delegate Kumar Barve to move quickly on passing the bill to override a gubernatorial veto. [55]

On its 2021 legislative scorecard, the Maryland League of Conservation Voters gave Pinsky a score of 100 percent. [56]

Pinsky is a skeptic of nuclear energy, saying that living through scares like Chernobyl and Three Mile Island has made him unsure of its safety. [57]

Healthcare

During his 1998 state senate campaign, Pinsky ran on providing universal healthcare coverage to all Marylanders. [58] In 2018, he was the leading sponsor on the Senate version of the Healthy Maryland Act, which would institute Medicare-for-all, single-payer healthcare legislation in Maryland. [59]

In 1999, Pinsky voted against a bill that would ban assisted suicide in Maryland. [60]

Gambling

In 1987, Pinsky voted against legislation that would return slot machines to eight counties on the Eastern Shore of Maryland under the pretext that they were only used by nonprofit organizations for charitable purposes. [61] In 2003, Pinsky opposed a bill that would legalize slot machines in Maryland and earmark almost half of the revenue for public education, arguing that the track owners' share of the profit was far too generous. [62] In 2012, Pinsky opposed legislation that allow a new casino in Prince George's County and add Las Vegas-style table games at Maryland's five other slots venues, saying that he thinks the county should focus its economic development efforts elsewhere. [63]

Guns

In 2013, Pinsky voted in favor of a gun control bill that would require fingerprinting of gun buyers, implement new limits on firearm purchases by the mentally ill, and mandate bans on assault weapons and on magazines that hold more than 10 bullets. [64] [65]

Minimum wage

Pinsky introduced legislation in the 1997 legislative session that would have raised the Maryland minimum wage from $5.15 to $7.70 over two years. The bill was killed in the Senate Finance Committee, receiving a 8-3 unfavorable vote. [4] In 2014, Pinsky proposed continuing to increase the state's minimum wage beyond $10.10 per hour and increasing the base wage for tipped workers. [66]

Social issues

In 1996, Pinsky and state senator Chris Van Hollen nearly derailed a plan by Senate President Thomas V. "Mike" Miller to build two new football stadiums in Baltimore and Landover [67] by introducing legislation that would prohibit public funds from going towards the construction of the stadiums. [68] [69]

In 2012, Pinsky voted in favor of legalizing same-sex marriage in Maryland. [70]

In 2013, Pinsky voted in favor of repealing the death penalty in Maryland. [71]

Taxes

Pinsky introduced legislation in the 1996 legislative session that would have taxed corporate executives' incomes at a rate more than 20 times greater than the tax on the salaries of the companies' lowest- paid employees. [4]

In 2012, Pinsky defended legislation that would significantly raise taxes on Marylanders earning half a million dollars or more. [72]

In 2013, Pinsky voted in favor of legislation that raises taxes on gas to replenish the state's transportation fund. [73]

Personal life

Pinsky was married to Joan Rothgeb, who died from pancreatic cancer on March 12, 2020. [26] He and his wife had two daughters. [3] He lives in University Park, Maryland. [1]

Awards

Electoral history

Maryland House of Delegates District 22 Democratic Primary Election, 1986 [5]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard A. Palumbo 5,73024%
DemocraticPaul Pinsky3,83916%
Democratic Anne MacKinnon 3,31014%
DemocraticDavid Bird3,24814%
DemocraticAndrew C. Hanko3,08813%
DemocraticBryan K. Swartwood2,0499%
DemocraticFrancis H. George1,2615%
DemocraticMarion Marie Hoffman1,2515%
Maryland House of Delegates District 22 General Election, 1986 [74]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticRichard A. Palumbo11,49832%
DemocraticAnne MacKinnon10,28628%
DemocraticPaul Pinsky10,26228%
RepublicanJames J. Krehely4,15811%
Maryland House of Delegates District 22 Democratic Primary Election, 1990 [75]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticRichard A. Palumbo6,50131%
DemocraticPaul Pinsky5,23225%
Democratic Anne Healey 3,87418%
DemocraticM. Teresa O'Hare Johnson3,36616%
DemocraticC. Hope Brown2,05010%
Maryland House of Delegates District 22 General Election, 1990 [76]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticRichard A. Palumbo10,35327%
DemocraticPaul Pinsky9,56625%
DemocraticAnne Healey9,35524%
RepublicanMary E. Rand3,1648%
RepublicanGerard F. Kiernan3,1188%
Maryland Senate District 22 Democratic Primary Election, 1994 [77]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticPaul G. Pinsky6,22974%
DemocraticCharles J. Kenny Jr.2,20226%
Maryland Senate District 22 General Election, 1994 [78]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticPaul G. Pinsky11,71363%
RepublicanJohn A. Schaffer6,84937%
Maryland Senate District 22 Democratic Primary Election, 1998 [79]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticPaul G. Pinsky5,092100%
Maryland Senate District 22 General Election, 1998 [80]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticPaul G. Pinsky16,582100%
Maryland Senate District 22 Democratic Primary Election, 2002 [81]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticPaul G. Pinsky8,24076.0%
DemocraticRichard R. Pilski2,59824.0%
Maryland Senate District 22 General Election, 2002 [82]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticPaul G. Pinsky19,93099.16%
Other Write-InsOther Write-Ins1690.84%
Maryland Senate District 22 Democratic Primary Election, 2006 [83]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticPaul G. Pinsky9,192100%
Maryland Senate District 22 General Election, 2006 [84]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticPaul G. Pinsky20,39799.2%
Other Write-InsOther Write-Ins1560.8%
Maryland Senate District 22 Democratic Primary Election, 2010 [85]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticPaul G. Pinsky7,636100%
Maryland Senate District 22 General Election, 2010 [86]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticPaul G. Pinsky20,73199.4%
Other Write-InsOther Write-Ins1220.6%
Maryland Senate District 22 Democratic Primary Election, 2014 [87]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticPaul G. Pinsky8,690100%
Maryland Senate District 22 General Election, 2014 [88]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticPaul G. Pinsky21,47186.7%
RepublicanJanice Denise Fountaine3,24513.1%
Other Write-InsOther Write-Ins350.1%
Maryland Senate District 22 Democratic Primary Election, 2018 [89]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticPaul G. Pinsky12,394100%
Maryland Senate District 22 Democratic General Election, 2018 [90]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticPaul G. Pinsky12,39492.4%
LibertarianLauren K. Drew2,6337.2%
Other Write-InsOther Write-Ins1360.4%

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References

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  2. 1 2 Sears, Bryan P. (December 20, 2022). "Moore taps Senator Pinsky to lead energy agency". The Daily Record . Retrieved December 20, 2022.
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  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Hotchkin, Sheila (March 28, 1997). "Sixties Senator Brings New Ideas, Personal Flair to Politics Editors: Please hold for release for Sunday, March 30, and after". Capital News Service . Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  5. 1 2 "1986 Gubernatorial Primary Election Results". elections.maryland.gov. Maryland State Board of Elections . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
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  8. ↑ "MARYLAND SENATE". The Washington Post . September 15, 1994. Retrieved February 26, 2022.
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  10. ↑ Wood, Pamela (February 8, 2019). "Republicans condemn Democratic senator's remark on Maryland Gov. Hogan as attempt to link him to George Wallace". The Baltimore Sun . Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  11. ↑ Kurtz, Josh (February 8, 2019). "GOP: Pinsky's 'Schoolhouse Steps' Remarks Conjure Up Image of Southern Racists". Maryland Matters . Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  12. ↑ Broadwater, Luke; Wood, Pamela (October 22, 2019). "Whether or not Maryland Senate President Miller resigns amid cancer battle, campaign to succeed him has begun". The Baltimore Sun . Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  13. ↑ Barnes, Robert (March 22, 1988). "MOVE TO EASE MD. ABORTION FUNDS FAILS". The Washington Post . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
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  20. ↑ Schwartzman, Paul (April 11, 2002). "Vote on School Board Is Over, but Debate Is Not". The Washington Post . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  21. ↑ Montgomery, Lori; Reeves, Tracey A. (April 2, 2002). "New Pr. George's Board Endorsed". The Washington Post . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
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  23. ↑ Wiggins, Ovetta (February 23, 2016). "In victory for Hogan, Maryland Senate likely won't vote on superintendent bill". The Washington Post . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  24. ↑ DePuyt, Bruce (February 7, 2018). "Bill Would Make Community College Tuition-Free for Most Students". Maryland Matters . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  25. ↑ Douglas-Gabriel, Danielle (May 4, 2018). "Maryland governor plans to sign free community college bill into law". The Washington Post . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
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  27. ↑ Broadwater, Luke (March 17, 2020). "Maryland Senate passes sweeping schools reform bill with amendments that would halt plan in bad economy". The Baltimore Sun . Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  28. ↑ Broadwater, Luke (February 27, 2019). "Gov. Hogan's bill to increase tech schools in Maryland killed in Senate committee". The Baltimore Sun . Retrieved February 25, 2022.
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  32. ↑ Nirappil, Fenit (March 10, 2016). "In Md. and Va., efforts to end gerrymandering face major obstacles: Lawmakers". The Washington Post . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
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  34. ↑ Kurtz, Josh (June 1, 2021). "Josh Kurtz: The Paradox of Finding a Candidate for Lt. Governor". Maryland Matters . Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  35. ↑ Leckrone, Bennett (June 16, 2021). "Election Reforms Will Make Voting More Accessible In Maryland, Advocates Say". Maryland Matters . Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  36. ↑ Leckrone, Bennett (December 8, 2021). "Senate Democratic Majority Sends Redistricting Plan to Hogan's Desk". Maryland Matters . Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  37. ↑ Figueroa, Ariana (August 3, 2021). "Md. Democrats Press U.S. Senators to Pass Voting Rights Legislation". Maryland Matters . Retrieved February 25, 2022.
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  43. ↑ Pepper, Troutman (April 13, 2016). "Maryland Governor Reauthorizes Act with 40 Percent Greenhouse Gas Reduction Goal". Washington Energy Report. Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  44. ↑ Hicks, Josh; Wiggins, Ovetta (March 16, 2017). "Anti-fracking activists arrested for blocking entrance to Md. State House". The Washington Post . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  45. ↑ Condon, Christine (April 9, 2021). "Maryland lawmakers make deep cuts to key climate bill with end of legislative session looming". The Baltimore Sun . Retrieved February 25, 2022.
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  49. ↑ Shwe, Elizabeth (July 15, 2021). "Finding 'Tree Equity:' New Analysis Shows Neighborhoods That Need More Trees". Maryland Matters . Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  50. ↑ Shwe, Elizabeth (April 9, 2021). "Md. House Panels Move Climate Bill as Pinsky Tries to Find Other Vehicles For His Priorities". Maryland Matters . Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  51. ↑ Shwe, Elizabeth (August 2, 2021). "Md. Lawmakers and Environmentalists Working Over the Summer on Climate Change Legislation". Maryland Matters . Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  52. ↑ Kurtz, Josh (December 15, 2021). "Senate Envisions Comprehensive Climate Bill; House to Tackle Provisions in Chunks". Maryland Matters . Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  53. ↑ Shwe, Elizabeth (January 20, 2022). "2022 Climate Bills Will Focus on Electrification, Including School Buildings and Buses". Maryland Matters . Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  54. ↑ Condon, Christine (February 16, 2022). "At Maryland climate bill hearing, gas companies and others take issue with requirements for newly constructed buildings". The Baltimore Sun . Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  55. ↑ Kurtz, Josh (December 6, 2021). "Pinsky, Barve Vow to Move Climate Change Bill Quickly in 2022". Maryland Matters . Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  56. ↑ Shwe, Elizabeth (November 18, 2021). "Md. LCV Finds Hogan an Inconsistent Leader, Praises Lawmakers on Environmental Justice, Transportation". Maryland Matters . Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  57. ↑ Kurtz, Josh (August 20, 2021). "Can Nuclear Energy Save the Planet? What Would They Say in Hollywood?". Maryland Matters . Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  58. ↑ Pierre, Robert E. (September 12, 1998). "LEGISLATIVE RACES GET ATTENTION". The Washington Post . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  59. ↑ "Nurses Testify in Support of Maryland Single-Payer Bill". National Nurses United . March 5, 2018. Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  60. ↑ LeDuc, Daniel (March 4, 1999). "Md. Senate Votes to Ban Assisted Suicide". The Washington Post . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  61. ↑ Ifill, Gwen (April 8, 1987). "MD. APPROVES SLOT MACHINES ON EASTERN SHORE". The Washington Post . Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  62. ↑ Whitlock, Craig (March 19, 2003). "Senate Panel Favors Schools for Slots Profits". The Washington Post . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  63. ↑ Wagner, John (March 27, 2012). "Maryland Senate approves casino bill". The Washington Post . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  64. ↑ Davis, Aaron C. (April 3, 2013). "Maryland House passes strict gun-control measure crafted after Newtown massacre". The Washington Post . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  65. ↑ Wagner, John (April 5, 2013). "How the Maryland Senate voted on passed gun-control legislation". The Washington Post . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  66. ↑ Johnson, Jenna (April 5, 2014). "Maryland Senate approves increasing minimum wage to $10.10 by July 2018". The Washington Post . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  67. ↑ DePuyt, Bruce (January 15, 2021). "'He Was Capable of the Full Range of Human Emotion and Persuasive Skills and Tactics'". Maryland Matters . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  68. ↑ "MD. BILL WOULD HALT FUNDS TO STADIUM". The Washington Post . November 21, 1995. Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  69. ↑ Abramowitz, Michael (February 12, 1996). "ANTI-STADIUM LEGISLATORS RIDE PUBLIC FUROR TO SHOWDOWN IN ANNAPOLIS". The Washington Post . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  70. ↑ Masters, Greg (February 24, 2012). "How the Md. Senate voted on same-sex marriage". The Washington Post . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  71. ↑ Wagner, John (March 6, 2013). "How the Maryland Senate voted on repealing the death penalty". The Washington Post . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  72. ↑ Dresser, Michael; Linskey, Annie (March 15, 2012). "Maryland Senate votes to tax the rich". The Baltimore Sun . Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  73. ↑ Wagner, John (March 29, 2013). "How the Md. Senate voted on the gas tax". The Washington Post . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  74. ↑ "1986 Gubernatorial Election - House of Delegates". elections.maryland.gov. Maryland State Board of Elections . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  75. ↑ "1990 Gubernatorial Primary Election Results". elections.maryland.gov. Maryland State Board of Elections . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  76. ↑ "1990 Gubernatorial Election - House of Delegates". elections.maryland.gov. Maryland State Board of Elections . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  77. ↑ "1994 Gubernatorial Primary Election Results". elections.maryland.gov. Maryland State Board of Elections . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  78. ↑ "1994 Gubernatorial Primary Election Results". elections.maryland.gov. Maryland State Board of Elections . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  79. ↑ "1994 Gubernatorial Primary Election Results". elections.maryland.gov. Maryland State Board of Elections . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  80. ↑ "1998 Gubernatorial General Election Results". elections.maryland.gov. Maryland State Board of Elections . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  81. ↑ "Official Results: Legislative District 22". elections.maryland.gov. Maryland State Board of Elections . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  82. ↑ "2002 Gubernatorial General - Official Results". elections.maryland.gov. Maryland State Board of Elections . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  83. ↑ "Official 2006 Gubernatorial Primary Election results for Legislative District 22". elections.maryland.gov. Maryland State Board of Elections . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  84. ↑ "Official 2006 Gubernatorial Primary Election results for Legislative District 22". elections.maryland.gov. Maryland State Board of Elections . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  85. ↑ "Official 2010 Gubernatorial Primary Election results for State Senator". elections.maryland.gov. Maryland State Board of Elections . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  86. ↑ "Official 2010 Gubernatorial General Election results for State Senator". elections.maryland.gov. Maryland State Board of Elections . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  87. ↑ "Official 2014 Gubernatorial Primary Election results for State Senator". elections.maryland.gov. Maryland State Board of Elections . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  88. ↑ "Official 2014 Gubernatorial General Election results for State Senator". elections.maryland.gov. Maryland State Board of Elections . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  89. ↑ "Official 2018 Gubernatorial Primary Election results for State Senator". elections.maryland.gov. Maryland State Board of Elections . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
  90. ↑ "Official 2018 Gubernatorial General Election results for State Senator". elections.maryland.gov. Maryland State Board of Elections . Retrieved February 26, 2022.
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