Perfluorobutane

Last updated
Perfluorobutane
Perflubutane.png
Decafluorobutane 3D ball.png
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Decafluorobutane [1]
Other names
Perflubutane (USAN)
DFB
Halocarbon 610
R610
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.005.983 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 206-580-3
KEGG
PubChem CID
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C4F10/c5-1(6,3(9,10)11)2(7,8)4(12,13)14 X mark.svgN
    Key: KAVGMUDTWQVPDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N X mark.svgN
  • InChI=1/C4F10/c5-1(6,3(9,10)11)2(7,8)4(12,13)14
    Key: KAVGMUDTWQVPDF-UHFFFAOYAC
  • C(C(C(F)(F)F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)(F)F
Properties
C4F10
Molar mass 238.028 g·mol−1
AppearanceColorless gas
Density 11.21 kg/m3 (gas, 101.3 kPa at boiling point) [2]
1594 kg/m3 (liquid, 101.3 kPa at boiling point) [2] [ dead link ]
Melting point −128 °C (−198 °F; 145 K) [3]
Boiling point −1.7 °C (28.9 °F; 271.4 K) [2]
1.5 mg/L (101.3 kPa) [3]
log P > 3.93 (n-octanol/water) [3]
Vapor pressure 330.3 kPa (at 25 °C) [3]
Viscosity 0.0001218 Poise [2]
Hazards
Safety data sheet (SDS) MSDS at Linde Gas
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
X mark.svgN  verify  (what is  Yes check.svgYX mark.svgN ?)

Perfluorobutane (PFB) is an inert, high-density colorless gas. It is a simple fluorocarbon with a n-butane skeleton and all the hydrogen atoms replaced with fluorine atoms.

Contents

Uses

Perfluorobutane can replace Halon 1301 in fire extinguishers, [4] as well as the gas component for newer generation microbubble ultrasound contrast agents. Sonazoid [5] is one such microbubble formulation developed by Amersham Health that uses perfluorobutane for the gas core.

Due to its inert nature and high density, inhaling perfluorobutane makes one's voice deeper. Caution is advised as heavier gases are difficult to breathe out and may cause inert gas asphyxiation.

Environmental impacts

If perfluorobutane is released to the environment, it will not be broken down in air. It is not expected to be broken down by sunlight. It will move into air from soil and water surfaces. If it is exposed to conditions of extreme heat from misuse, equipment failure, etc., toxic decomposition products including hydrogen fluoride can be produced. [6]

Perfluorobutane has an estimated lifetime greater than 2600 years. Perfluorobutane has a high global warming potential value of 4800. [7] Its ozone depletion potential is zero.[ citation needed ]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hydrogen</span> Chemical element with atomic number 1 (H)

Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol H and atomic number 1. It is the lightest element and, at standard conditions, is a gas of diatomic molecules with the formula H2, sometimes called dihydrogen, but more commonly called hydrogen gas, molecular hydrogen or simply hydrogen. It is colorless, odorless, non-toxic, and highly combustible. Constituting about 75% of all normal matter, hydrogen is the most abundant chemical element in the universe. Stars, including the Sun, mainly consist of hydrogen in a plasma state, while on Earth, hydrogen is found in water, organic compounds, as dihydrogen, and in other molecular forms. The most common isotope of hydrogen consists of one proton, one electron, and no neutrons.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hydrocarbon</span> Organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon

In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. Hydrocarbons are examples of group 14 hydrides. Hydrocarbons are generally colourless and hydrophobic; their odor is usually faint, and may be similar to that of gasoline or lighter fluid. They occur in a diverse range of molecular structures and phases: they can be gases, liquids, low melting solids or polymers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Noble gas</span> Group of low-reactive, gaseous chemical elements

The noble gases are the members of group 18 of the periodic table: helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), radon (Rn) and, in some cases, oganesson (Og). Under standard conditions, the first six of these elements are odorless, colorless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity and cryogenic boiling points. The properties of the seventh, unstable, element, Og, are uncertain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neon</span> Chemical element with atomic number 10 (Ne)

Neon is a chemical element; it has the symbol Ne and atomic number 10. It is the second noble gas in the periodic table. Neon is a colorless, odorless, inert monatomic gas under standard conditions, with approximately two-thirds the density of air.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ozone depletion</span> Atmospheric phenomenon

Ozone depletion consists of two related events observed since the late 1970s: a steady lowering of about four percent in the total amount of ozone in Earth's atmosphere, and a much larger springtime decrease in stratospheric ozone around Earth's polar regions. The latter phenomenon is referred to as the ozone hole. There are also springtime polar tropospheric ozone depletion events in addition to these stratospheric events.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chlorofluorocarbon</span> Class of organic compounds

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are fully or partly halogenated hydrocarbons that contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), chlorine (Cl), and fluorine (F), produced as volatile derivatives of methane, ethane, and propane.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Liquid hydrogen</span> Liquid state of the element hydrogen

Liquid hydrogen (H2(l)) is the liquid state of the element hydrogen. Hydrogen is found naturally in the molecular H2 form.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Interstellar medium</span> Matter and radiation in the space between the star systems in a galaxy

The interstellar medium (ISM) is the matter and radiation that exists in the space between the star systems in a galaxy. This matter includes gas in ionic, atomic, and molecular form, as well as dust and cosmic rays. It fills interstellar space and blends smoothly into the surrounding intergalactic space. The energy that occupies the same volume, in the form of electromagnetic radiation, is the interstellar radiation field. Although the density of atoms in the ISM is usually far below that in the best laboratory vacuums, the mean free path between collisions is short compared to typical interstellar lengths, so on these scales the ISM behaves as a gas, responding to pressure forces, and not as a collection of non-interacting particles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fluorocarbon</span> Class of chemical compounds

Fluorocarbons are chemical compounds with carbon-fluorine bonds. Compounds that contain many C-F bonds often have distinctive properties, e.g., enhanced stability, volatility, and hydrophobicity. Several fluorocarbons and their derivatives are commercial polymers, refrigerants, drugs, and anesthetics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sulfur hexafluoride</span> Chemical compound and greenhouse gas

Sulfur hexafluoride or sulphur hexafluoride (British spelling) is an inorganic compound with the formula SF6. It is a colorless, odorless, non-flammable, and non-toxic gas. SF
6
has an octahedral geometry, consisting of six fluorine atoms attached to a central sulfur atom. It is a hypervalent molecule.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Refrigerant</span> Substance in a refrigeration cycle

A refrigerant is a working fluid used in cooling, heating or reverse cooling and heating of air conditioning systems and heat pumps where they undergo a repeated phase transition from a liquid to a gas and back again. Refrigerants are heavily regulated because of their toxicity and flammability and the contribution of CFC and HCFC refrigerants to ozone depletion and that of HFC refrigerants to climate change.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Halomethane</span> Halogen compounds derived from methane

Halomethane compounds are derivatives of methane with one or more of the hydrogen atoms replaced with halogen atoms. Halomethanes are both naturally occurring, especially in marine environments, and human-made, most notably as refrigerants, solvents, propellants, and fumigants. Many, including the chlorofluorocarbons, have attracted wide attention because they become active when exposed to ultraviolet light found at high altitudes and destroy the Earth's protective ozone layer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hydrofluorocarbon</span> Synthetic organic compounds

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are synthetic organic compounds that contain fluorine and hydrogen atoms, and are the most common type of organofluorine compounds. Most are gases at room temperature and pressure. They are frequently used in air conditioning and as refrigerants; R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) is one of the most commonly used HFC refrigerants. In order to aid the recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer, HFCs were adopted to replace the more potent chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which were phased out from use by the Montreal Protocol, and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) which are presently being phased out. HFCs replaced older chlorofluorocarbons such as R-12 and hydrochlorofluorocarbons such as R-21. HFCs are also used in insulating foams, aerosol propellants, as solvents and for fire protection.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carbon tetrafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Tetrafluoromethane, also known as carbon tetrafluoride or R-14, is the simplest perfluorocarbon (CF4). As its IUPAC name indicates, tetrafluoromethane is the perfluorinated counterpart to the hydrocarbon methane. It can also be classified as a haloalkane or halomethane. Tetrafluoromethane is a useful refrigerant but also a potent greenhouse gas. It has a very high bond strength due to the nature of the carbon–fluorine bond.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Perfluorohexane</span> Chemical compound

Perfluorohexane, or tetradecafluorohexane, is a fluorocarbon. It is a derivative of hexane in which all the hydrogen atoms are replaced by fluorine atoms. It is used in one formulation of the electronic cooling liquid/insulator Fluorinert for low-temperature applications due to its low boiling point of 56 °C and freezing point of −90 °C. It is odorless and colorless. Unlike typical hydrocarbons, the structure features a helical carbon backbone. In medical imaging it is used as a contrast agent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Methane</span> Hydrocarbon compound (CH₄) in natural gas; simplest alkane

Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CH4. It is a group-14 hydride, the simplest alkane, and the main constituent of natural gas. The abundance of methane on Earth makes it an economically attractive fuel, although capturing and storing it is difficult because it is a gas at standard temperature and pressure. In the Earth's atmosphere methane is transparent to visible light but absorbs infrared radiation, acting as a greenhouse gas. Methane is an organic compound, and among the simplest of organic compounds. Methane is also a hydrocarbon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fuel</span> Material used to create heat and energy

A fuel is any material that can be made to react with other substances so that it releases energy as thermal energy or to be used for work. The concept was originally applied solely to those materials capable of releasing chemical energy but has since also been applied to other sources of heat energy, such as nuclear energy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Atmospheric methane</span> Methane in Earths atmosphere

Atmospheric methane is the methane present in Earth's atmosphere. The concentration of atmospheric methane is increasing due to methane emissions, and is causing climate change. Methane is one of the most potent greenhouse gases. Methane's radiative forcing (RF) of climate is direct, and it is the second largest contributor to human-caused climate forcing in the historical period. Methane is a major source of water vapour in the stratosphere through oxidation; and water vapour adds about 15% to methane's radiative forcing effect. The global warming potential (GWP) for methane is about 84 in terms of its impact over a 20-year timeframe, and 28 in terms of its impact over a 100-year timeframe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Properties of water</span> Physical and chemical properties of pure water

Water is a polar inorganic compound that is at room temperature a tasteless and odorless liquid, which is nearly colorless apart from an inherent hint of blue. It is by far the most studied chemical compound and is described as the "universal solvent" and the "solvent of life". It is the most abundant substance on the surface of Earth and the only common substance to exist as a solid, liquid, and gas on Earth's surface. It is also the third most abundant molecule in the universe.

References

  1. "Front Matter". Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p. 33. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN   978-0-85404-182-4. The prefix 'per-' is no longer recommended.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Perfluorobutane (R610)". Gas Encyclopaedia. Air Liquide. Retrieved November 1, 2012.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Summary Report: PERFLUOROBUTANE". Archived from the original on 2013-05-16.
  4. "Perfluorobutane Full Public Report". National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme. 1996. Archived from the original on 2012-02-11.
  5. "Sonoazoid - US TIP".
  6. "Perflubutane". PubChem. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  7. "Global Warming Potentials (IPCC Second Assessment Report)". United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Retrieved 27 December 2019.