Pershing House

Last updated

Pershing House
Pershing House, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas (cropped).jpg
Pershing House
Fort Sam Houston
Relief map of Texas.png
Red pog.svg
Pershing House
Usa edcp relief location map.png
Red pog.svg
Pershing House
LocationStaff Post Rd., Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States
Coordinates 29°26′42″N98°28′10″W / 29.44500°N 98.46944°W / 29.44500; -98.46944
Area10,830 square feet (1,000 m2)
Built1881
Architect Alfred Giles
Architectural styleEarly Texas Victorian
Part of Fort Sam Houston (ID75001950)
NRHP reference No. 74002058
Added to NRHP30 July 1974

Pershing House has been the residence of the commanding officers of Fort Sam Houston since 1881. Located in Bexar County, San Antonio, Texas, the military post is currently part of Joint Base San Antonio. [1] The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings on 30 July 1974. After the Texas annexation to the Union in 1845, the United States Army became a steady presence in what was then designated the Department of Texas, [2] providing a line of defense during both the 1846–1848 Mexican–American War, and the Texas–Indian wars that ended with the 1875 surrender of Comanche chief Quanah Parker at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. [3] [4] The combining of Fort Sam Houston, Randolph Air Force Base, Lackland Air Force Base and Martindale Army Airfield, to create Joint Base San Antonio, took place in 2009. [5]

Contents

Following the end of the American Civil War, the United States Department of War accepted an offer from San Antonio for three parcels of land on which the United States Army would construct Fort Sam Houston. The site and its surrounding area would come to be known as Government Hill. [3] Edward Braden Construction began work on the project in 1876. Architect Alfred Giles designed the general staff quarters, as well as the commanding general's quarters, now known at Pershing House. [3] Constructed in 1881 at a cost of $17,076 (equivalent to $457,000 in 2020), it was originally designated as "Quarters No. 6, Staff Post". [6] The 10,830 square feet (1,000 m2), two-story house has eleven rooms, six full bathrooms and one half bath. [FN 1] In various phases during the 20th century, improvements included an enclosed porch and upgrades to plumbing, electricity and air conditioning. [8]

While under its original name, the house would become the residence of 16 succeeding commanding officers. They were some of the most accomplished leaders in the United States Army prior to their being given charge of the base. The first occupant of the house was Major General Christopher C. Augur, a West Point graduate and veteran of several military conflicts, including the Mexican–American War and the American Civil War. [9] [10] Numerous Medal of Honor recipients have resided there. [11]

The house has been referred to by its current name since John J. Pershing served as the base commanding officer in 1917, following his participation in the Pancho Villa Expedition. [12] He was at Fort Sam Houston only two months before being given charge of the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe. [13] Pershing held the rank of General of the Armies. The only other American to hold that rank was George Washington. [13] The names of all the occupants from 1881 through 1973 appear on two brass-plated plaques that were initially created in the 1950s by Julia Cotton White, wife of General Isaac D. White, who was then serving as commanding officer. She presented them as a gift to Fort Sam Houston, and they were kept up to date by succeeding residents at least through 1973 when the house was added to the National Register of Historic Places. [6]

Commanding officer chronology 1881 through 1973

Key to military ranks

Key to burial sites

ANC Arlington National Cemetery CC Congressional Cemetery FB Fort Bliss National Cemetery
FSH Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery FSPC Fort Sill Post Cemetery LVC Lake View Cemetery
MAG Magnolia Cemetery MAN Mansfield Cemetery OC Oakwood Cemetery
SFNC San Francisco National Cemetery SB Santa Barbara Cemetery SMECSt. Mary's Episcopal Churchyard
SAHNC United States Soldiers' and Airmen's Home National Cemetery WP West Point Cemetery

Residents

Fort Sam Houston commanding officers who lived at Pershing House 1881 through 1973 [11]
ResidencyNameRankImageBirth–DeathBurial siteNotesRefs
1881–1883 Christopher C. Augur BG Christopher C. Augur - Brady-Handy.jpg (1821–1898)ANCVeteran of the American Civil War. Burned Native American villages during the Texas Red River War, in conjunction with the military actions of Ranald S. Mackenzie [14]
1883 Ranald S. Mackenzie BG RSMackenzie.jpg (1840–1899)WPUnion general during the American Civil War, later fought in numerous Texas–Indian wars [15]
1883–1884 John M. Schofield LG SchofieldOfficialPortrait.jpg (1831–1906)ANC Medal of Honor for action at the August 10, 1861 Battle of Wilson's Creek. Schofield Barracks in Hawaii named for him. [16]
1884–1892 David S. Stanley BG David Sloane Stanley head.jpg (1828–1902)SAHNC Medal of Honor for action November 30, 1864 Battle of Franklin [17]
1892–1895 Frank Wheaton MG FrankWheaton.jpg (1833–1903)ANCServed in the American Civil War and Indian Wars. Inducted into the Rhode Island Heritage Hall of Fame [18]
1895–1897 Zenas R. Bliss MG Z R Bliss.jpg (1835–1900)ANC Medal of Honor for actions at the 1862 Battle of Fredericksburg [19]
1897–1898 William Montrose Graham MG
—
(1834–1916) CC Peninsula campaign, Battle of Antietam, Battle of Gettysburg, Battle of Malvern Hill, Spanish–American War [20]
1899–1901 Chambers McKibbin BG
—
(1841–1918)ANCBrigadier General of volunteers and conscripts, Santiago campaign [21]
1902–1904 Frederick Dent Grant MG Frederick Dent Grant.jpg (1850–1912)WPU.S. Minister to Austria-Hungary (1889–1893); New York City Police Commissioner (1895–1897). Son of Ulysses S. Grant [22]
1904–1906 Jesse M. Lee BG
—
(1843–1926)ANCServed in the American Civil War. Spanish–American War, Philippine–American War Boxer Rebellion [23]
1906–1907 William S. McCaskey MG
—
(1843–1914)SFNCEnlisted at the start of the Battle of Fort Sumter; participated in Sherman's March to the Sea [24]
1907–1910 Albert L. Myer BG
—
(1846–1914)OCActing Alcalde of Ponce, Puerto Rico, during the United States Puerto Rico campaign [25]
1910–1911 Ralph Wilson Hoyt BG Ralph Wilson Hoyt In 1917.jpg (1849–1920)LVCService in the Spanish–American War and the Puerto Rico campaign [26]
1911–1912 Joseph Wilson Duncan BG
—
(1853–1912)ANC First Battle of Bud Dajo, Philippine Islands [27]
1913–1915 Tasker H. Bliss CSA Gen Tasker H Bliss.JPG (1853–1930)ANC Chief of Staff of the United States Army, American Permanent Military Representative, Supreme War Council [28]
1915–1917 Frederick Funston MG MajGenFrederickFunston.jpg (1865–1917)SFNC Medal of Honor for April 27, action at 1899 Calumpit, Luzon, Philippine Islands [29]
1917 John J. Pershing GA General John Joseph Pershing head on shoulders.jpg (1860–1948)ANCArrived February 21, 1917, departed May 2 to take charge of American Expeditionary Forces in Europe [13]
1917 James Parker MG James Parker MoH.jpg (1854–1934)SMEC Medal of Honor for actions on December 4, 1899, during the Philippine–American War [30]
1917–1918 John Wilson Ruckman MG
—
(1858–1921)WPPresided over the trial of black soldiers following the Houston riot of 1917, and ordered the verdicts kept secret, with no appeals. Relieved of command May 1918 [31]
1918 Willard Ames Holbrook MG Willard Ames Holbrook.jpg (1860–1932)ANCGraduate of US Military Academy, served during the Philippine–American War Civil Governor of the province of Antique, Panay in the Philippine Islands [32]
1918–1919 DeRosey Caroll Cabell MG DeRosey C. Cabell (US Army major general).jpg (1861–1924)SFNCFormer Chief of Staff to John J. Pershing [33]
1919–1921 Joseph T. Dickman MG JosephTDickman.jpg (1857–1927)ANCCommanding General, VIII Corps Area [34]
1921–1922 John L. Hines CSA John L. Hines (cropped).jpg (1868–1968)ANCVeteran of the Spanish–American War and the Philippine–American War [35]
1922–1924 Edward Mann Lewis MG Major General Edward Mann Lewis, US Army.jpg (1863–1949)SFNCServed in the Spanish–American War [36]
1924–1925 Charles Pelot Summerall 4SG Charles P. Summerall.jpg (1867–1955)ANCChief of Staff of the United States Army 1926–1930; president of The Citadel 1931–1953 [37]
1925–1928 Ernest Hinds MG Ernest Hinds (cropped).jpg (1864–1941)FSHChief of Artillery for the American Expeditionary Forces [38]
1928 Thomas Quinton Donaldson Jr. MG
—
(1864–1934)ANCVeteran of the Wounded Knee Massacre [39]
1928–1930 William Lassiter MG 22-lassiter l.jpg (1867–1959)SB Spanish–American War, World War I [40]
1930–1933 Edwin B. Winans MG General Edwin Winans.jpg (1869–1947)WP World War I, Pancho Villa Expedition (aka Punitive Expedition, U.S. Army), Philippine–American War [41]
1933–1936 Johnson Hagood MG MG Johnson Hagood.jpg (1873–1948)MAGWest Point graduate; removed from command in Texas following his public criticism of President Roosevelt's funding of the WPA. [42]
1936 Frank Parker MG Frank Parker.jpg (1872–1947)MANServed in the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Cuba, South America, China, France [43]
1936–1940 Herbert Jay Brees LG Herbert J Brees.jpg (1877–1958)FSH Spanish–American War, World War I, World War II [44]
1941–1942 Walter Krueger 4SG Krueger only.jpg (1881–1967)ANCCommander of the Sixth United States Army in the South Pacific [45]
1942–1943 Courtney Hodges 4SG Courtney Hodges.jpg (1887–1966)ANCCommanded First U.S. Army 1944–45 [46]
1944 William Hood Simpson 4SG William H. Simpson portrait.jpg (1888–1990)ANCCommanding General of the Ninth United States Army European Theater of Operations during World War II. [47]
1944–1945 John P. Lucas MG John P. Lucas.jpg (1890–1949)ANCCommander of VI Corps during the Battle of Anzio (Operation Shingle) in the Italian Campaign of World War II. [48]
1945 Alexander Patch 4SG Alexander Patch portrait.jpg (1889–1945)WP World War II, commander U.S. Army and Marine Corps forces during the Guadalcanal campaign in the Pacific, and the Seventh Army on the Western Front in Europe. [49]
1946–1947 Jonathan M. Wainwright 4SG Jonathan Wainright.jpg (1883–1953)ANC World War II Commander of US forces 12 March to 7 May 1942 during the fall of the Philippines. [50]
1947–1949 Thomas T. Handy 4SG Thomas Handy.jpg (1892–1982)ANCWorld War I and World War II [51]
1949–1952 LeRoy Lutes LG LeRoy Lutes.jpg (1890–1980)ANC World War II commanding general of the Fourth United States Army. [52]
1952–1953 William M. Hoge 4SG William Hoge.jpg (1894–1979)ANC Distinguished Service Medal and Silver Star for heroism under fire during World War I; also served in World War II and the Korean War. [53]
1953 John E. Dahlquist 4SG John E Dahlquist.jpg (1896–1975)ANC World War II, Cold War,. His utilization of the Japanese-American 442nd Regimental Combat Team led to them being the most highly decorated unit in the history of the US Armed Forces. [54]
1953–1955 Isaac D. White 4SG I.D. White;40-white l.jpg (1901–1990)UnknownCommanding General of the United States Constabulary for the European Command, and of X Corps during the Korean War. [55]
1955–1958 John Howell Collier LG Lt. Gen. John H. Collier.jpg (1899–1980)FSHCommander of 2nd Armored Division units in World War II and as the Inspector of Armor, Office of the Chief of Army Field Forces. [56]
1958–1959 Guy S. Meloy Jr. 4SG Guy S Meloy Jr.jpg (1903–1964)ANCServed as commander of all U.S. forces in Korea during the Cold War. [57]
1959–1961 Edward Thomas Williams LG Edward T. Williams.jpg (1901–1973)FSHChief of artillery for the Third United States Army in Europe during World War II, commander of the United States Army Field Artillery Center. [58]
1961–1962 Donald Prentice Booth LG Donald Prentice Booth.JPG (1902–1993)ANCChief of Staff, Persian Gulf Command 1944–45, U.S. High Commissioner, Ryukyu Islands 1958–1961 [59]
1962–1964 Carl H. Jark LG
—
(1905–1984)FSHWhen Jark retired, Texas Congressman Henry B. González read his military record into the Congressional Record [60]
1964–1966 Robert Wesley Colglazier Jr. LG Robert Wesley Colglazier.jpg (1904–1993)FSHHe was the highest-ranking member of the Army Reserve on duty with the Regular Army at the time of his retirement. [61]
1966–1967 Thomas W. Dunn LG
—
(1908–1983)WPWorld War II, the Korean War [62]
1967–1968 Lawrence Joseph Lincoln LG
—
(1909–2000)ANC Distinguished Service Medal for services to the War Department during World War II. [63]
1968–1971 Harry H. Critz LG
—
(1912–1982)FSPCService in Europe until 1948, returning to Fort Sill. Korean War in 1953 and 1954. Commander of the U.S. Army Field Artillery Center, Fort Sill. [64]
1971 George G. O'Connor LG
—
(1914–1971)WPWorld War II service in the Battle of Luzon, commander of the 4th Infantry Division during the Vietnam War and of the VII Corps in West Germany. [65]
1971 George V. Underwood Jr. 4SG GEN Underwood, George V Jr.jpg (1913–1984)FBMultiple tours of duty in San Franicsco, Hawaii and China; Assistant to the Special Representative of China envoy General George C. Marshall. 1966 Commanding General, 32d Artillery Brigade, in Kaiserslautern, Germany. [66]
1971–1973 Patrick F. Cassidy LG
—
(1915–1990)FSH World War II veteran, Commanding Officer, 1st Battalion, 502d Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division. [67]

See also

Notes

Footnotes

  1. ↑ In the United States, a "half bath" is a bathroom with a sink and toilet, but no bathtub. [7]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Buffalo Soldier</span> African-American regiments of the US Army, created in 1866

Buffalo Soldiers were United States Army regiments composed exclusively of African Americans soldiers, formed during the 19th century to serve on the American frontier. On September 21, 1866, the 10th Cavalry Regiment was formed at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. The nickname "Buffalo Soldiers" was purportedly given to the regiments by the American Indian tribes who fought against them during the American Indian Wars, and the term eventually became synonymous with all of the African American regiments that were established in 1866, including the 9th Cavalry Regiment, 10th Cavalry Regiment, 24th Infantry Regiment, 25th Infantry Regiment and 38th Infantry Regiment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">First Army (United States)</span> Field army of the United States Army

First Army is the oldest and longest-established field army of the United States Army. It served as a theater army, having seen service in both World War I and World War II, and supplied the US army with soldiers and equipment during the Korean War and the Vietnam War under some of the most famous and distinguished officers of the U.S. Army. It now serves as a mobilization, readiness and training command.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sixth Army (United States)</span> Theater Army of the U.S. Army

Sixth Army is a theater army of the United States Army. The Army service component command of United States Southern Command, its area of responsibility includes 31 countries and 15 areas of special sovereignty in Central and South America and the Caribbean. It is headquartered at Fort Sam Houston.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">General of the Armies</span> Highest rank in the United States Army

General of the Armies of the United States, more commonly referred to as General of the Armies, is the highest military rank in the United States. The rank has been conferred three times: to John J. Pershing in 1919, as a personal accolade for his command of the American Expeditionary Forces during World War I; to George Washington in 1976, as a posthumous honor during the United States Bicentennial celebrations; and to Ulysses S. Grant in December 2022, when Congress authorized the president to posthumously appoint him to the rank.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Superintendent of the United States Military Academy</span> United States Army general

The superintendent of the United States Military Academy is the academy's commanding officer. This position is roughly equivalent to the chancellor or president of an American civilian university. The officer appointed is, by tradition, a graduate of the United States Military Academy, commonly known as "West Point". However, this is not an official requirement for the position.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marcelino Serna</span> United States soldier from Mexican origin, receiver of the Distinguished Service Cross

Private Marcelino Serna was a Mexican who enlisted as an American soldier and settled from El Paso, Texas. He became one of the most decorated soldiers from Texas in World War I. Serna was the first Hispanic to be awarded the Distinguished Service Cross.

The Thanks of Congress is a series of formal resolutions passed by the United States Congress originally to extend the government's formal thanks for significant victories or impressive actions by American military commanders and their troops. Although it began during the American Revolutionary War, the practice peaked during the American Civil War. Similarly, the Confederate Congress also passed resolutions honoring extraordinary performance to individuals or military units.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John J. Pershing</span> United States Army officer (1860–1948)

General of the Armies John Joseph Pershing, nicknamed "Black Jack", was a senior American United States Army officer. He served most famously as the commander of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) during World War I from 1917 to 1920. In addition to leading the AEF to victory in World War I, Pershing notably served as a mentor to many in the generation of generals who led the United States Army during World War II, including George C. Marshall, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Omar Bradley, Lesley J. McNair, George S. Patton, and Douglas MacArthur.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Herbert J. Brees</span> United States Army general

Herbert Jay Brees was a lieutenant general in the United States Army.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States Army Central</span> Theater Army of the U.S. Army

The United States Army Central, formerly the Third United States Army, commonly referred to as the Third Army and as ARCENT, is a military formation of the United States Army that saw service in World War I and World War II, in the 1991 Gulf War, and in the coalition occupation of Iraq. It is best known for its campaigns in World War II under the command of General George S. Patton.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Audie Murphy honors and awards</span>

Audie Murphy was one of the most decorated United States Army combat soldiers of World War II, serving from 1942 to 1945. He received every American combat award for valor available at the time of his service, including the Medal of Honor. He also received recognitions from France and Belgium. With his 1945 military discharge at the end of the war, Murphy became an advocate of treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder in veterans. The Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital in San Antonio and the Sergeant Audie Murphy Clubs (SAMC) on military bases honor his contributions. He joined the Texas National Guard in 1950, transferring to reserve status in 1956 and remaining in the Guard until 1969. He also had a civilian career as a film actor and songwriter. Recognitions he received both during his lifetime and posthumously are listed below.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Medal of Honor</span> Highest award in the United States Armed Forces

The Medal of Honor (MOH) is the United States Armed Forces' highest military decoration and is awarded to recognize American soldiers, sailors, marines, airmen, guardians, and coast guardsmen who have distinguished themselves by acts of valor. The medal is normally awarded by the President of the United States and is presented "in the name of the United States Congress." It is often colloquially referred to as the Congressional Medal of Honor.

Carl Henry Jark was a United States Army Lieutenant General, whose final tour of duty before retirement was as the 1962–64 commanding general of IV Corps at Fort Sam Houston, Texas.

References

  1. ↑ "Joint Base San Antonio > Information > JBSA History & Fact Sheets". The Department of Defense. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  2. ↑ "Records of United States Army Continental Commands, 1821–1920". National Archives. 15 August 2016. Archived from the original on 19 September 2017. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  3. 1 2 3 Manguso, John. "Fort Sam Houston". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Archived from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  4. ↑ "The Red River War | TSLAC". Texas State Library and Archives Commission. Archived from the original on 25 November 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  5. ↑ "History of 502d Air Base Wing". Joint Base San Antonio. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  6. 1 2 NRHP 1974, p. 1.
  7. ↑ "Definition of HALF BATH". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
  8. ↑ NRHP 1974, p. 2.
  9. ↑ NRHP 1974, p. 6.
  10. ↑ "Augur, Christopher Columbus". Handbook of Texas Online. Archived from the original on 4 July 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  11. 1 2 NRHP 1974, pp. 6–7.
  12. ↑ NRHP 1974, p. 4.
  13. 1 2 3 "Pershing, John Joseph". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
  14. ↑ Wooster, Robert. "Christopher Columbus Augur". Handbook of Texas online. Texas State Historical Association. Archived from the original on 4 July 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  15. ↑ "TSHA | Mackenzie, Ranald Slidell". Handbook of Texas Online. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  16. ↑ "John Mcallister Schofield | U.S. Civil War | U.S. Army | Medal of Honor Recipient". Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Archived from the original on 1 April 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
  17. ↑ "David Sloane Stanley | U.S. Civil War | U.S. Army | Medal of Honor Recipient". Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  18. ↑ "Gen. Frank Wheaton". Lincoln County Leader. 21 August 1903. p. Image 7, cols 3–4. Archived from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  19. ↑ "Zenas Randall Bliss | U.S. Civil War | U.S. Army | Medal of Honor Recipient". Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.; "TSHA | Bliss, Zenas Randall". Handook of Texas Online. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  20. ↑ "Death of General Graham, Retired Army Officer". Evening capital and Maryland gazette. (Annapolis, Md.) 1910–1922, January 17, 1916, Image 1. 17 January 1916. p. 1, col. 5. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.; "Antietam: Capt William Montrose Graham". Antietam on the Web. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  21. ↑ "Gen M'Kibben Dies At Home in the City". Evening Star. 30 December 1918. p. 2, Image 2. Archived from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  22. ↑ "Frederick Dent Grant (U.S. National Park Service)". National Park Service. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  23. ↑ "Maj. Gen Jesse M. Lee, Native Hoosier, Famous Soldier, Dies,PT 1". The Indianapolis Star. 27 March 1926. Archived from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.; "Maj. Gen Jesse M. Lee, Native Hoosier, Famous Soldier, Dies,PT 2". The Indianapolis Star. 27 March 1926. Archived from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  24. ↑ "McCaskey: William McCaskey Civil War Letters, 1862–1865". LancasterHistory. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.; "Taps Sound for General McCaskey". The Semi-Weekly New Era. 26 August 1914. Archived from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  25. ↑ "Mayor's Office, City of Ponce, P.R., USA, Alpublico". 6 December 1899. p. 1, Col. 3. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
  26. ↑ Register of the Empire State Society of the Sons of the American Revolution. The Society. 1899. p. 196. Archived from the original on 1 April 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
  27. ↑ "Hero of Mt. Dajo Expects Promotion". The Philadelphia Inquirer. 23 February 1907. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
  28. ↑ Keillers, John. "Soldier and Statesman: Tasker H. Bliss". U. S. Army Military History Institute. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
  29. ↑ "Frederick Funston Sr. | Philippine Insurrection | U.S. Army | Medal of Honor Recipient". Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Archived from the original on 20 July 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
  30. ↑ "James Parker | Philippine Insurrection | U.S. Army | Medal of Honor Recipient". Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  31. ↑ Spring 2021, John A. Haymond (22 June 2021). "Tempest in Texas: The Controversial Courts-Martial of an All-Black Regiment". HistoryNet. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  32. ↑ "Major General Holbrook". The Dunn County News. 28 July 1932. p. 3. Archived from the original on 10 February 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2022.; "Distinguished Service Medal Williad Ames Holbrook". Military Times. Archived from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  33. ↑ "Veteran Army Chieftain Dies". The Los Angeles Times. 16 March 1924. Archived from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.; "Distinguished Service Medal DeRosey Carroll Cabell". Military Times. Archived from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  34. ↑ "Third Army/ARCENT/CFLCC – CGs Bio". 9 June 2007. Archived from the original on 9 June 2007. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  35. ↑ "American War Hero Stamps". U.S. Army Center of Military History. Archived from the original on 15 September 2012. Retrieved 29 March 2022.; "John Leonard Hines". United States Army. Archived from the original on 6 March 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  36. ↑ "Edward Mann Lewis". United States Army Pacific. Archived from the original on 21 January 2013. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  37. ↑ "General Charles Pelot Summerall – The Campaign for the National Museum of the United States Army". United States Army. Archived from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  38. ↑ "Ernest Hinds". National Museum of American History. Archived from the original on 1 April 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  39. ↑ Russell, Sam (1 February 2014). "Second Lieutenant Thomas Quinton Donaldson, C Troop, 7th Cavarly [sic]". Army at Wounded Knee. Archived from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.; "Donaldson Was Indian Fighter – obit Nov 1, 1934". The Greenville News. 1 November 1934. Archived from the original on 13 February 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
  40. ↑ "William Lassiter Distinguished Service Medal and Silver Star". Military Times. Archived from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2018.; "Obituary for William Lassiter (Aged 91)". The Times Dispatch. 30 March 1959. p. 6. Archived from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  41. ↑ "Major General Edwin B. Winans". United States Army, Pacific. Archived from the original on 21 January 2013. Retrieved 29 March 2022.; "Huachuca Illustrated, volume 2, 1996: Major General Edwin B. Winans". net.lib.byu.edu. Brigham Young University. Archived from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  42. ↑ "West Point Association of Graduates". www.westpointaog.org. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  43. ↑ "Obituary for Frank Parker (Aged 74) - Newspapers.com". Battle Creek Enquirer. 14 March 1947. Archived from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  44. ↑ "LTG Herbert Jay Brees". Military Hall of Honor. Archived from the original on 1 April 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  45. ↑ "Walter Krueger". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Archived from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.; "World War II – Asiatic-Pacific Theater Campaigns | U.S. Army Center of Military History". U.S. Army Center of Military History. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  46. ↑ "Personal Papers of Courtney Hicks Hodges". Dwight D. Eisenhower Library. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  47. ↑ "General William H. Simpson, USA – The Campaign for the National Museum of the United States Army". National Museum of the United States Army. The Army Historical Foundation. Archived from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  48. ↑ Blumenson, Martin. "General Lucas at Anzio". U. S. Army Center of Military History. Archived from the original on 11 November 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  49. ↑ "General Alexander M. Patch". Naval History and Heritage Command. U.S. Navy. Archived from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  50. ↑ "Citation Accompanying the Congressional Medal of Honor Presented to General Jonathan M. Wainwright. | The American Presidency Project". www.presidency.ucsb.edu. Archived from the original on 10 February 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  51. ↑ "GEN Thomas Troy Handy". Military Hall of Honor. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  52. ↑ "Biography of Lieutenant-General Leroy Lutes (1890–1980), USA". The Generals of WWII. Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  53. ↑ "Biography of General William Morris Hoge (1894–1979), USA". The Generals of WWII. Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2022.; "General Hoge Buried". The Kansas City Star. 4 November 1979. Archived from the original on 17 March 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
  54. ↑ "GEN John Ernest Dahlquist". Military Hall of Honor. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  55. ↑ "Isaac D. White". United States Army, Pacific. Archived from the original on 21 January 2013. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  56. ↑ "Collier-Generals from the USA". The Generals of WWII. Archived from the original on 21 January 2013. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  57. ↑ "Retired Army General Dies". The Kilgore News Herald. 15 December 1968. Archived from the original on 17 March 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.; "Guy S. Meloy". ANC. Archived from the original on 2 October 2012. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  58. ↑ "LTG Edward Thomas Williams". Military Hall of Honor. Archived from the original on 1 April 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  59. ↑ "LTG Donald Prentice Booth". Military Hall of Honor. Archived from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  60. ↑ Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the ... Congress. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1964. p. 17315. Archived from the original on 1 April 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  61. ↑ "Leaves Army". Reading Eagle. 15 January 1966. p. 3. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  62. ↑ "LTG Thomas Weldon Dunn". Military Hall of Honor. Archived from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  63. ↑ "Fourth to Welcome Its New Commander". San Antonio Express. 2 July 1967. Archived from the original on 8 February 2022. Retrieved 8 February 2022.; "Lt. Gen. Lincoln dies at 91". The Times. 13 July 2000. Archived from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.; "Lawrence Joseph Lincoln, Lieutenant General, United States Army". arlingtoncemetery.net. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.; "Lawrence Lincoln – Recipient –". Military Times. Archived from the original on 8 February 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  64. ↑ "Harry H. Critz". Military Times. Archived from the original on 5 February 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2018.; "Retired General Critz Dies at Fort Sill Hospital". Oklahoman.com. 4 May 1982. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  65. ↑ "West Point Association of Graduates". www.westpointaog.org. Archived from the original on 3 February 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  66. ↑ "General George V. Underwood, Jr". The Military Memorial Museum. Archived from the original on 8 January 2018. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
  67. ↑ "LTG Patrick Francis Cassidy". Military Hall of Honor. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2022.

Bibliography

Commons-logo.svg Media related to Pershing House at Wikimedia Commons

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.