| Phenuiviridae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rift Valley fever virus replication cycle | |
Virus classification  | |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
| Phylum: | Negarnaviricota |
| Class: | Bunyaviricetes |
| Order: | Hareavirales |
| Family: | Phenuiviridae |
Phenuiviridae is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order Hareavirales . [1] Ruminants, camels, humans, and mosquitoes serve as natural hosts.
Members of Phenuiviridae are enveloped viruses with helical capsid morphology. Envelope glycoproteins of these viruses are distributed with icosahedral symmetry (T=12). [2]
Phenuiviridae is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus family. [3] Its genome is segmented into three pieces: L segment (encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase), M segment, and S segment. [1]
Some members of the family have ambisense gene encoding on the S segment (nucleocapsid proteins). The M segment includes envelope glycoproteins encoded in a polyprotein that is cleaved by host proteases. [4] Multiple different proteins can be encoded on the M segment due to leaky scanning by the ribosome. [2]
RNA transcripts are capped through cap snatching, but not polyadenylated. [4] Translation is terminated by a hairpin sequence at the end of each RNA transcript. [2]
The family contains the following genera: [5]