Phenuiviridae | |
---|---|
Rift Valley fever virus replication cycle | |
Virus classification | |
(unranked): | Virus |
Realm: | Riboviria |
Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
Phylum: | Negarnaviricota |
Class: | Ellioviricetes |
Order: | Bunyavirales |
Family: | Phenuiviridae |
Phenuiviridae is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order Bunyavirales . [1] Ruminants, camels, humans, and mosquitoes serve as natural hosts. Until 2011, member genus Phlebovirus was the only genus of the family with viruses causing disease in humans (e.g. Rift Valley fever virus) [2] [ scientific citation needed ] except Dabie bandavirus. [3]
Members of Phenuiviridae are enveloped viruses with helical capsid morphology. Envelope glycoproteins of these viruses are distributed with icosahedral symmetry (T=12). [2] [ time needed ]
Phenuiviridae is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus family. [4] Its genome is segmented into three pieces: L segment (encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase), M segment, and S segment. [1]
Some members of the family have ambisense gene encoding on the S segment (nucleocapsid proteins). The M segment includes envelope glycoproteins encoded in a polyprotein that is cleaved by host proteases. [5] Multiple different proteins can be encoded on the M segment due to leaky scanning by the ribosome. [2]
RNA transcripts are capped through cap snatching, but not polyadenylated. [5] Translation is terminated by a hairpin sequence at the end of each RNA transcript. [2]
The following genera have been recognized, as of 2020: [6]
Bunyavirales is an order of segmented negative-strand RNA viruses with mainly tripartite genomes. Member viruses infect arthropods, plants, protozoans, and vertebrates. It is the only order in the class Ellioviricetes. The name Bunyavirales derives from Bunyamwera, where the original type species Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus was first discovered. Ellioviricetes is named in honor of late virologist Richard M. Elliott for his early work on bunyaviruses.
Phlebovirus is one of twenty genera of the family Phenuiviridae in the order Bunyavirales. The genus contains 66 species. It derives its name from Phlebotominae, the vectors of member species Naples phlebovirus, which is said to be ultimately from the Greek phlebos, meaning "vein". The proper word for "vein" in ancient Greek is however phleps (φλέψ).
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Orthonairovirus is a genus of viruses in the family Nairoviridae of the order Bunyavirales which includes viruses with circular, negative-sense single stranded RNA. The name is derived from the Nairobi sheep disease which affects the gastrointestinal tracts of sheep and goats. All viruses in this genus are tick-borne viruses with human or other vertebrate hosts.
Wei Ping-ao, also known as Paul Wei, was a Hong Kong–based Chinese actor who started his career in the Shaw Brothers Studio. He is best known for playing cunning interpreters in Bruce Lee's 1972 films Fist of Fury and Way of the Dragon, in which he dubbed his own voice, and also appeared in films such as Deaf Mute Heroine (1971), Hapkido (1972) and Fists of Bruce Lee (1978). He suffered from jaundice in his later years. He died on 3 December 1989 in British Hong Kong.
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The Rise of the Tang Empire is a Chinese television series based on the events in the Zhenguan era during the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Tang dynasty. The 50 episodes long series is directed by Zhang Jianya and written by Ah Cheng and Meng Xianshi. It was first broadcast on BTV in China in December 2006.
Justice Bao is a Chinese TV series starring producer Jin Chao-chun as the Song dynasty official Bao Zheng. The series ran for 3 seasons from 2010 to 2012. In addition to Jin, Kenny Ho, Fan Hung-hsuan and Lung Lung again reprise their iconic roles from the 1993 Taiwanese hit Justice Pao and the 2008 Chinese series Justice Bao.
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Batai orthobunyavirus (BATV) is a RNA virus belonging to order Bunyavirales, genus Orthobunyavirus.
The China Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, better known as China CEEP, was founded in 2009. It is a Chinese think tank that conducts research on energy economics, climate policy and environmental management. Armed with qualitative and quantitative tools, it aims to provide a scientific basis for public and private decisions in strategy planning and management that are needed to cope with China's increasing demand for energy, as well as the challenges of adapting to and mitigating climate change. China CEEP also serves as a professional education center and a platform for international exchange in the area of energy and environmental policy research.
The Heart of Woman, also known as Women, is a Taiwanese Hokkien television series that began airing on SET Taiwan in Taiwan on 21 November 2012, from Mondays to Fridays, and ends on 21 November 2013, lasting one year with a total of 262 episodes.
The Legend of the Condor Heroes is a 2017 Chinese television series adapted from Louis Cha's novel of the same title and a remake of the 1983 Hong Kong television series based on the same novel. The series was directed by Jeffrey Chiang and starred Yang Xuwen, Li Yitong, Chen Xingxu and Meng Ziyi in the lead roles. It started airing on Dragon TV in mainland China on 9 January 2017, and on TVB Jade in Hong Kong on 8 May 2017.
Famitinib is a tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor developed by Jiangsu Hengrui for a variety of cancers.