Pierre Marc Johnson | |
---|---|
24th Premier of Quebec | |
In office October 3, 1985 –December 12, 1985 | |
Monarch | Elizabeth II |
Lieutenant Governor | Gilles Lamontagne |
Deputy | Marc-AndréBédard |
Preceded by | RenéLévesque |
Succeeded by | Robert Bourassa |
Leader of the Opposition | |
In office December 12,1985 –November 10,1987 | |
Preceded by | Robert Bourassa |
Succeeded by | Guy Chevrette |
MNA for Anjou | |
In office November 15,1976 –November 10,1987 | |
Preceded by | Yves Tardif |
Succeeded by | RenéSerge Larouche |
Personal details | |
Born | Montreal,Quebec,Canada | July 5,1946
Political party | Parti Québécois |
Spouse | |
Parent | Daniel Johnson Sr. |
Relatives | Daniel Johnson Jr. (brother) |
Profession | |
Pierre Marc Johnson GOQ (born July 5, 1946) is a Canadian lawyer, physician and politician. He was the 24th premier of Quebec from October 3 to December 12, 1985, [2] making him the province's shortest-serving premier, and the first Baby Boomer to hold the office.
Born in Montreal, Quebec, on July 5, 1946, Johnson is of French-Canadian and Irish descent and is a Roman Catholic. He received a degree in law from the Université de Montréal in 1970 and a medical degree from the Université de Sherbrooke in 1976.
He is the son of Reine Gagné and Daniel Johnson Sr., who served as Premier of Quebec from 1966 to 1968. His brother, Daniel Johnson Jr., served as Premier for nine months in 1994.
Each of the Johnsons led different political parties:
In 1976, Pierre Marc Johnson successfully ran as the Parti Québécois candidate for the district of Anjou. Premier René Lévesque appointed him to the cabinet in 1977 and he was re-elected in 1981.
Johnson served as Minister of Labour from 1977 to 1980, Minister to Consumers, Cooperatives and Financial Institutions from 1980 to 1981, Minister of Social Affairs from 1981 to 1984 and Attorney General from 1984 to 1985.
In the leadership election of 1985, Johnson was chosen to succeed PQ founder René Lévesque as leader of the party and consequently as Premier of Quebec.
Johnson was generally considered to be soft on the sovereignty of Quebec issue. He put independence on the back burner, as Lévesque had begun to do under the "beau risque" approach and eventually made that approach the official constitutional policy of his party, calling it "National Affirmation".
Johnson was described as somewhat on the right of the party. [3]
He was re-elected to the legislature in 1985, but his party was defeated by the Liberals, led by Robert Bourassa.
His leadership was contested by more radical PQ supporters, such as Gérald Godin. On November 10, 1987, he resigned as head of the party, Leader of the Opposition and member of the National Assembly. He was succeeded as head of the PQ by interim leader Guy Chevrette and later Jacques Parizeau, who again made independence a primary goal.
Johnson lost in the December 1985 election after becoming leader in October. Johnson became as opposition leader and stepped down as party leader in 1987 (with next election in 1989).
Both a lawyer and a physician, he is a former Professor of Law at McGill University in Montreal and was Counsel at the firm of Heenan Blaikie LLP in Montreal, Quebec until 2014. He is now Counsel at the firm of Lavery, also in Montreal. In 2001 he was appointed as chief advisor and negotiator of the Quebec government in the Softwood Lumber dispute between Canada and the United States by then Premier Bernard Landry.
In October 2006, he was chosen by the Charest government to preside over a public inquiry into the collapse of a viaduct over Autoroute 19 in Laval, Quebec, leaving five dead and six injured. The choice of Johnson was criticized by both leaders in opposition André Boisclair (PQ) and Mario Dumont (Action démocratique du Québec) because of the possibility of conflict of interest. As president, he was invested with the responsibility of investigating government administration while being a former Minister of the Quebec Government, a former Premier of Quebec, and, until shortly after this nomination, member of the board of directors of Ciment Saint-Laurent, a cement company. [4]
Johnson was appointed by the minority Conservative government to the Canadian delegation at the United Nations' Bali Conference on climate change.
Johnson was Quebec's negotiator for CETA (Canada-European-union Trade Agreement).
Johnson refused to take a stance regarding the 1995 Quebec referendum on independence.
In December 2005 he made waves in sovereigntist circles by supporting Liberal candidate and close, longtime friend Raymond Bachand in a provincial by-election in the Outremont riding. [5]
The Parti Québécois is a sovereignist and social democratic provincial political party in Quebec, Canada. The PQ advocates national sovereignty for Quebec involving independence of the province of Quebec from Canada and establishing a sovereign state. The PQ has also promoted the possibility of maintaining a loose political and economic sovereignty-association between Quebec and Canada. The party traditionally has support from the labour movement; however, unlike most other social democratic parties, its ties with organized labour are informal. Members and supporters of the PQ are nicknamed péquistes, a French word derived from the pronunciation of the party's initials.
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Francis Daniel Johnson Sr. was a Canadian politician and the 20th premier of Quebec from 1966 to his death in 1968.
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The Parti Québécois leadership election of 1985 was held to elect a new leader of the Parti Québécois, the main sovereigntist and social democratic political party in Quebec, Canada. It elected Pierre-Marc Johnson at the helm of the party. It was conducted under the one member, one vote universal suffrage system, making the Parti Québécois the first political party to do so in Quebec history. It was the first race of its kind in the history of the party, created in 1968, and would be followed by the leadership election of 2005.
Jean Garon was a politician, lawyer, academic and economist in Quebec, Canada.
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Jacques Brassard is a former Quebec politician and Cabinet Minister. He was the National Assembly of Quebec for Lac-Saint-Jean from 1976 to 2002 and occupied several portfolios as a Minister under the Parti Québecois governments of René Lévesque, Pierre-Marc Johnson, Jacques Parizeau, Lucien Bouchard and Bernard Landry.
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Maurice Martel was a Canadian politician in the province of Quebec. He served in the National Assembly of Quebec from 1966 to 1970 and again from 1976 to 1985, and was a cabinet minister in the governments of René Lévesque and Pierre-Marc Johnson.
Yves Blais was a politician in the Canadian province of Quebec. He served in National Assembly of Quebec from 1981 to 1998 as a member of the Parti Québécois (PQ).
Michel Clair is an administrator and former politician in the Canadian province of Quebec. He was a Parti Québécois member of the National Assembly of Quebec from 1976 to 1985 and served as a cabinet minister in the governments of René Lévesque and Pierre-Marc Johnson. Clair later became an executive administrator with Hydro-Québec.
Guy Tardif was a Canadian politician. He was a Parti Québécois member of the National Assembly of Quebec from 1976 to 1985 and was a cabinet minister in the governments of René Lévesque and Pierre-Marc Johnson. He is the grandfather of professional gridiron football guard Laurent Duvernay-Tardif.
Alain Marcoux is a Canadian administrator and former politician. Marcoux was a Parti Québécois member of the National Assembly of Quebec from 1976 to 1985 and was a cabinet minister in the governments of René Lévesque and Pierre-Marc Johnson. Marcoux is currently the director-general of Quebec City.
Huguette Lachapelle was a Canadian politician. Lachapelle served in the National Assembly of Quebec from 1981 to 1985, representing the Montreal riding of Dorion as a member of the Parti Québécois (PQ).