1976 Quebec general election

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1976 Quebec general election
Flag of Quebec.svg
  1973 November 15, 1976 1981  

110 seats in the 31st National Assembly of Quebec
56 seats were needed for a majority
Turnout85.27% (Increase2.svg4.88%)
 First partySecond partyThird party
  Rene Levesque BAnQ P243S1D865 (cropped).jpg Robert-Bourassa.jpg UN
Leader René Lévesque Robert Bourassa Rodrigue Biron
Party Parti Québécois Liberal Union Nationale
Leader since October 14, 1968 January 17, 1970 May 22, 1976
Leader's seat Taillon Mercier (lost re-election) Lotbinière
Last election6 seats, 30.22%102 seats, 54.65%0 seats, 4.92%
Seats won712611
Seat changeIncrease2.svg65Decrease2.svg76Increase2.svg11
Popular vote1,390,3511,135,056611,666
Percentage41.37%33.78%18.20%
SwingIncrease2.svg11.15%Decrease2.svg20.87%Increase2.svg13.28%

 Fourth partyFifth party
 RCPNP
Leader Camil Samson Jérôme Choquette
Party Ralliement créditiste Parti national populaire
Leader sinceMay 11, 1975October 24, 1976
Leader's seat Rouyn-Noranda Outremont (lost re-election)
Last election2 seats, 9.92%pre-creation
Seats won11
Seat changeDecrease2.svg1Increase2.svg1
Popular vote155,45131,043
Percentage4.63%0.92%
SwingDecrease2.svg5.29%Increase2.svg0.92%

1976 Quebec general election.svg
Popular vote by riding. As this is an FPTP election, seat totals are not determined by popular vote, but instead via results by each riding. Click the map for more details.

Premier before election

Robert Bourassa
Liberal

Premier after election

René Lévesque
Parti Québécois

The 1976 Quebec general election was held on November 15, 1976 to elect members to National Assembly of the Province of Quebec, Canada. It was one of the most significant elections in Quebec history, rivalled only by the 1960 general election, and caused major repercussions in the rest of Canada. The Parti Québécois, led by René Lévesque, defeated the incumbent Quebec Liberal Party, led by Premier Robert Bourassa.

Contents

The Parti Québécois's campaign focused on providing good government, in contrast the many scandals that had plagued the Liberals since 1973, The PQ's stated goal of achieving independence for Quebec from Canada was portrayed as only secondary, but the election of a sovereigntist government in Quebec caused great upset in the rest of Canada and led to extensive discussions about reforming the Canadian Confederation and finding ways of accommodating Quebec.

The Parti Québécois used its term in office to introduce numerous bills to implement its agenda. The first bill introduced in the new session of the National Assembly was legislation to confirm French as the sole official language of Quebec, and to implement measures to make this a social reality. The legislative number of this bill, "Bill One," was intended to signify the importance of the bill for the new government. The bill was withdrawn and significantly altered, however, and was eventually re-introduced as "Bill 101" (or la Loi 101 in French), also known as the Charter of the French Language. With some modifications, the Charter of the French Language remains in effect today and has shaped modern Quebec society in far-reaching ways.

The 1976 election also set the stage for the 1980 Quebec referendum on the PQ's proposal for political independence in an economic union with the rest of Canada called sovereignty-association. The proposal was soundly defeated in the referendum.

Bourassa had called the election after only three years, well before the maximum possible term of five years. It is possible that he may have counted on a boost from his successful rescue of the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal after cost overruns and construction delays by the Montreal municipal government of Mayor Jean Drapeau. If so, he badly miscalculated. He not only lost the election, but was resoundingly defeated in his own riding by a PQ challenger. Bourassa resigned as Liberal leader, and his political career appeared to be over. He left Quebec and took up teaching positions in the United States and Europe. However, he later made a remarkable comeback in the 1985 general election.

The once-powerful Union Nationale made a modest comeback after being evicted from the legislature three years earlier. It won 11 seats under Rodrigue Biron and, for the first time, won significant support from some anglophone voters. An anglophone UN member, William Shaw was elected to the National Assembly. However, this proved to be the party's last hurrah. Successive floor-crossings, retirements, and resignations reduced the UN to only five members during the term. The party lost all of those remaining seats five years later, never to return; it would continue to exist nominally until 1989.

Campaign

The Liberals and péquistes both fielded full slates. The Unionists and the créditistes decided not to nominate candidates in Beauce-Sud, in order to clear the way for the pénépiste Fabien Roy to hold the riding. [1] The Unionists did not have a candidate in Outremont. Otherwise, all other constituencies experienced at least four-way contests.

The election also saw the emergence of two other political groups. The Democratic Alliance, led by Nick Auf der Maur, ran 13 candidates in the anglophone areas of the Island of Montreal, while the Parti national populaire (founded by Fabien Roy and Jérôme Choquette) had 36 candidates provincewide but ran a less-organized campaign. The PNP had attempted to merge with the UN earlier in August, [2] but the effort was called off in September because of a falling-out between Choquette and the UN leader Rodrigue Biron. [3]

Riding contests, by number of candidates (1976) [4]
CandidatesPQLibRCUNPNPIndNDP-RMSCommDALabLSOTotal
31113
449494949196
524242424163311120
620202019998357120
712121212767852184
8333323222124
91111111119
Total1101101091083622211413121556

Results

[4]

Elections to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec (1976)
Political partyParty leaderMNAsVotes
Candidates 1973 1976±#±%± (pp)
Parti Québécois René Lévesque 11067165Increase2.svg1,390,351492,542Increase2.svg41.37%11.15Increase2.svg
Liberal Robert Bourassa 1101022676Decrease2.svg1,135,056488,678Decrease2.svg33.78%20.87Decrease2.svg
Union Nationale Rodrigue Biron 1081111Increase2.svg611,666465,457Increase2.svg18.20%13.28Increase2.svg
Ralliement créditiste Camil Samson 109211Decrease2.svg155,451139,255Decrease2.svg4.63%5.29Decrease2.svg
Parti national populaire Jérôme Choquette 3611Increase2.svg31,04331,043Increase2.svg0.92%New
Democratic Alliance Nick Auf der Maur 1317,76217,762Increase2.svg0.53%New
Independent 2212,9846,023Increase2.svg0.39%0.16Increase2.svg
New Democratic-RMS coalition Henri-François Gautrin 213,0803,080Increase2.svg0.09%New
Communist Sam Walsh 141,7761,612Increase2.svg0.05%0.04Increase2.svg
Labour 121,2491,249Increase2.svg0.04%New
Ligue socialiste-ouvrière18888Increase2.svgNew
Total5561101103,360,506100.00%
Rejected ballots70,44615,686Increase2.svg
Voter turnout3,430,952405,214Increase2.svg85.274.89Increase2.svg
Registered electors4,023,743259,132Increase2.svg
    Seats and popular vote by party
    PartySeatsVotesChange (pp)
      Parti Québécois
    71 / 110
    41.37%
    11.1511.15
     
      Liberal
    26 / 110
    33.78%
    -20.87
     
      Union Nationale
    11 / 110
    18.20%
    13.2813.28
     
      Parti créditiste
    1 / 110
    4.63%
    -5.29
     
      Parti national populaire
    1 / 110
    0.92%
    0.920.92
     
      Independent
    0 / 110
    0.39%
    0.160.16
     
     Other
    0 / 110
    0.71%
    0.650.65
     

    Synopsis of results

    Results by riding - 1976 Quebec general election [4] [5]
    RidingWinning partyTurnout
    [a 1]
    Votes
    Name 1973 PartyVotesShareMargin
    #
    Margin
    %
    PQLibUNCrPNPDAIndOthTotal
     
    Abitibi-Est LibPQ11,26540.15%3,88113.83%69.47%11,2656,3383,0677,38428,054
    Abitibi-Ouest LibPQ8,53336.51%1,2245.24%80.57%8,5335,4562,0737,30923,371
    Anjou LibPQ19,44056.15%8,32424.04%88.99%19,44011,1162,93874423315134,622
    Argenteuil LibLib9,45234.89%1,2754.71%82.34%8,1779,4526,6602,80327,092
    Arthabaska LibPQ12,46538.95%3,47410.86%89.36%12,4658,9917,5363,00932,001
    Beauce-Nord LibPQ10,97437.12%4121.39%85.29%10,97410,5626,41283078629,564
    Beauce-Sud CrPNP17,23868.24%11,57345.82%83.62%2,3565,66517,23825,259
    Beauharnois LibPQ15,50846.29%3,93611.75%90.09%15,50811,5725,2241,19533,499
    Bellechasse LibUN8,50136.85%7983.46%81.68%5,8817,7038,50169229423,071
    Berthier LibPQ8,67334.27%4021.59%85.00%8,6738,2716,9071,45425,305
    Bonaventure LibLib9,77148.63%3,60317.93%80.87%6,1689,7713,83631820,093
    Bourassa LibPQ14,46544.94%2,1626.72%88.04%14,46512,3034,45760124910932,184
    Bourget LibPQ17,12254.85%7,04722.58%87.99%17,12210,0753,25057319531,215
    Brome-Missisquoi LibUN11,38049.27%5,93025.67%82.93%4,7725,45011,3801,08726214723,098
    Chambly LibPQ21,02947.32%5,20111.70%90.62%21,02915,8286,77681144,444
    Champlain LibPQ12,51440.73%4,42814.41%87.67%12,5148,0867,8822,24030,722
    Charlesbourg LibPQ19,98548.92%4,78511.71%89.20%19,98515,2004,0781,30128540,849
    Charlevoix LibLib12,41954.58%4,89921.53%83.27%7,52012,4191,6701,14622,755
    Châteauguay LibPQ15,60043.00%5,26114.50%88.30%15,60010,3399,26285122936,281
    Chauveau LibPQ21,47247.48%5,05411.17%88.87%21,47216,4184,8292,50745,226
    Chicoutimi PQPQ20,63862.51%13,74241.62%88.55%20,6386,8964,4291,05333,016
    Crémazie LibPQ16,46350.40%4,61214.12%89.09%16,46311,8513,44946127716332,664
    D'Arcy-McGee LibLib21,24868.03%14,19045.43%83.86%1,47621,2487,0588395041731,232
    Deux-Montagnes LibPQ13,44941.42%2,4667.59%86.17%13,44910,9836,4311,35225632,471
    Dorion LibPQ15,48652.36%5,34318.06%84.55%15,48610,1432,66179839010029,578
    Drummond LibPQ14,60542.45%6,39418.58%89.05%14,6057,7788,2113,60121134,406
    Dubuc LibPQ11,33744.67%3,66114.42%85.23%11,3377,6764,4421,92625,381
    Duplessis LibPQ20,10058.60%11,32433.01%78.85%20,1008,7763,0504611,91634,303
    Fabre LibPQ24,06751.94%9,07819.59%89.24%24,06714,9895,6581,15646346,333
    Frontenac LibPQ11,04738.86%1,5585.48%88.16%11,0476,3959,4891,49428,425
    Gaspé LibUN8,30534.53%4201.75%82.01%7,6307,8858,30523324,053
    Gatineau LibLib13,44448.98%6,14822.40%78.30%7,29613,4445,2851,42527,450
    Gouin LibPQ14,36053.53%5,34519.92%84.45%14,3609,0152,48279717226,826
    Hull LibPQ12,03140.57%20.01%79.05%12,03112,0294,1931,40229,655
    Huntingdon LibUN9,46542.31%2,72812.19%84.21%5,4286,7379,46574322,373
    Iberville LibPQ11,74035.71%1,5334.66%87.38%11,7409,12910,2071,80232,878
    Îles-de-la-Madeleine LibPQ3,38747.89%600.85%87.16%3,3873,327298607,072
    Jacques-Cartier LibLib10,39035.34%1,2554.27%84.86%8,66610,3909,13552368329,397
    Jean-Talon LibLib14,33949.46%2,8079.68%88.54%11,53214,3392,70641728,994
    Jeanne-Mance LibPQ22,89145.48%4,6069.15%86.39%22,89118,2857,73290527524550,333
    Johnson LibUN11,18445.33%4,80519.48%86.65%6,3795,34811,1841,76124,672
    Joliette-Montcalm LibPQ15,80742.41%5,31114.25%88.14%15,80710,4969,6121,172899737,273
    Jonquière LibPQ20,37358.23%9,51127.18%89.26%20,37310,8622,2201,53534,990
    Kamouraska-Témiscouata LibPQ7,86233.88%3101.34%79.37%7,8627,5524,9572,83723,208
    L'Acadie LibLib14,08245.50%4,40614.24%86.08%9,67614,0826,43427632715230,947
    L'Assomption LibPQ26,44954.49%14,43929.74%89.24%26,44912,0108,1551,72420548,543
    Lac-Saint-Jean LibPQ14,74450.91%6,91123.86%86.97%14,7447,8333,9712,41428,962
    LaFontaine PQPQ20,62761.79%12,46937.35%86.95%20,6278,1583,0821,03928319133,380
    Laporte LibPQ23,12956.56%11,08627.11%87.64%23,12912,0434,5611,02713340,893
    La Prairie LibPQ17,12238.13%6471.44%87.88%17,12216,47510,37593044,902
    Laurentides-Labelle LibPQ13,79449.25%4,06914.53%83.32%13,7949,7252,9921,49928,010
    Laurier LibLib11,85841.68%2,2758.00%82.79%9,58311,8584,96267892144628,448
    Laval LibLib17,60542.94%2,2855.57%88.42%15,32017,6056,6291,12931941,002
    Laviolette LibPQ11,00339.32%2,1747.77%86.41%11,0036,0748,8291,60335711527,981
    Lévis LibPQ17,22748.49%5,88716.57%88.81%17,22711,3405,5851,37535,527
    Limoilou LibPQ14,42445.33%3,70711.65%86.09%14,42410,7174,6561,723176527431,822
    Lotbinière LibUN12,35552.23%6,71328.38%87.55%4,6055,64212,3551,05523,657
    Louis-Hébert LibPQ22,85058.22%9,54324.31%90.80%22,85013,3072,70538639,248
    Maisonneuve PQPQ15,39062.15%9,07436.64%80.89%15,3906,3162,0406522202212324,763
    Marguerite-Bourgeoys LibLib14,55136.65%8062.03%84.91%13,74514,55110,49260331239,703
    Maskinongé LibLib9,12435.84%4031.58%88.24%8,7219,1246,5611,05525,461
    Matane LibPQ11,04248.79%2,68411.86%82.23%11,0428,3582,31959831622,633
    Matapédia LibPQ10,74156.27%5,45828.59%81.76%10,7415,2831,5521,51219,088
    Mégantic-Compton LibUN8,53939.58%2,50211.60%82.63%4,8096,0378,5392,18821,573
    Mercier LibPQ13,45051.38%3,73614.27%81.76%13,4509,7141,9756475833226,176
    Mille-Îles LibPQ25,13453.80%10,07021.55%90.84%25,13415,0644,6871,29034220446,721
    Mont-Royal LibLib18,40862.23%13,29544.94%83.36%4,77618,4085,11315388524729,582
    Montmagny-L'Islet LibLib9,22037.44%2,3709.62%81.84%6,8499,2206,8501,71024,629
    Montmorency LibPQ17,30050.42%5,19015.13%88.23%17,30012,1103,1871,71334,310
    Nicolet-Yamaska LibUN8,76334.62%7502.96%87.93%7,1958,0138,7631,34025,311
    Notre-Dame-de-Grâce LibLib13,16143.88%4,42914.77%84.26%4,10013,1618,7321671193,49711710329,996
    Orford LibLib8,32132.90%6362.51%81.40%7,6858,3216,9792,07722825,290
    Outremont LibLib13,21945.30%2,3878.18%84.31%10,83213,2193504,12938027029,180
    Papineau LibPQ12,96736.32%670.19%79.55%12,96712,9007,4831,94740935,706
    Pointe-Claire LibUN15,61044.96%3,4319.88%85.51%3,28412,17915,6101271649432,41234,719
    Pontiac-Témiscamingue LibLib8,14943.57%3,58119.14%74.98%3,2098,1494,5682,14163818,705
    Portneuf LibLib10,36240.47%2,78310.87%89.04%7,57910,3623,8153,74110625,603
    Prévost LibPQ20,07549.59%7,56918.70%84.94%20,07512,5065,7072,19540,483
    Richelieu LibPQ16,14151.98%4,27413.76%90.28%16,14111,8672,18985431,051
    Richmond LibUN7,77839.15%1,9079.60%86.17%5,2945,8717,77892519,868
    Rimouski LibPQ15,23253.04%5,14617.92%86.34%15,23210,0861,6641,6518728,720
    Rivière-du-Loup LibPQ9,41538.53%1,9047.79%84.49%9,4157,5115,2302,28124,437
    Robert-Baldwin LibLib14,47636.11%3,9479.84%86.95%7,43014,47610,5294102,1885,06040,093
    Roberval LibLib11,76739.67%9323.14%80.90%10,83511,7673,1393,92329,664
    Rosemont LibPQ15,45551.07%5,38017.78%85.25%15,45510,0753,54759630928330,265
    Rouyn-Noranda CrRC9,00937.90%1,4566.13%83.77%7,5534,9232,2839,00923,768
    Saguenay PQPQ15,49169.16%11,21250.06%78.48%15,4914,2792,05457522,399
    Saint-François LibPQ11,11541.60%3,62313.56%84.96%11,1157,4926,1141,99626,717
    Saint-Henri LibPQ14,24647.72%4,14213.87%83.78%14,24610,1044,54970125329,853
    Saint-Hyacinthe LibUN10,00233.63%580.20%86.38%9,9447,69410,0021,75335029,743
    Saint-Jacques PQPQ13,05860.31%7,18033.16%75.34%13,0585,8781,68657945121,652
    Saint-Jean LibPQ14,57045.73%3,69511.60%87.87%14,57010,8755,43997731,861
    Saint-Laurent LibLib14,83746.18%6,29719.60%84.76%8,54014,8377,40929432771932,126
    Saint-Louis LibLib9,62842.07%1,7767.76%75.22%7,8529,6283,4604221,15137122,884
    Saint-Maurice LibPQ12,83645.77%4,78817.07%88.64%12,8368,0484,7492,00540528,043
    Saint-Anne LibPQ9,05938.62%6892.94%75.67%9,0598,3703,7834971216498967923,454
    Sainte-Marie LibPQ13,61754.97%5,04320.36%81.54%13,6178,5741,71167419724,773
    Sauvé PQPQ23,64758.60%13,37233.14%84.99%23,64710,2755,20497712312940,355
    Shefford LibLib9,66231.81%3841.26%87.20%8,1349,6629,2783,08521730,376
    Sherbrooke LibPQ12,44042.51%3,89513.31%84.69%12,4408,5456,2551,87215029,262
    Taillon LibPQ34,09862.65%22,34541.06%85.32%34,09811,7536,1892,12925654,425
    Taschereau LibPQ9,92945.14%1,8328.33%80.05%9,9298,0972,5311,17915110721,994
    Terrebonne LibPQ21,29850.61%7,89918.77%89.48%21,29813,3995,7231,66142,081
    Trois-Rivières LibPQ13,82143.79%3,18210.08%85.26%13,82110,6395,6621,43731,559
    Vanier LibPQ16,64049.80%5,06315.15%87.41%16,64011,5773,3721,82733,416
    Vaudreuil-Soulanges LibPQ11,52435.85%5341.66%86.69%11,52410,9908,54890517432,141
    Verchères LibPQ16,79648.24%4,99014.33%88.89%16,79611,8065,22499234,818
    Verdun LibLib13,20144.09%3,26110.89%83.60%9,94013,2015,83349931515029,938
    Viau LibPQ13,51343.44%1,9326.21%84.67%13,51311,5814,89276036131,107
    Westmount LibLib14,72450.74%8,74430.13%82.23%3,48314,7245,980902104,53429,021
    1. including spoilt ballots
      = open seat
      = turnout is above provincial average
      = winning candidate was in previous Legislature
      = incumbent had switched allegiance
      = previously incumbent in another riding
      = not incumbent; was previously elected to the Legislature
      = incumbency arose from byelection gain
      = other incumbents renominated
      = previously an MP in the House of Commons of Canada
      = multiple candidates

    MNAs elected by region and riding

    Party designations are as follows:

      PQ
      Liberal
      UN
      Créditiste
      Parti national populaire

    Analysis

    Party candidates in 2nd place [4]
    Party in 1st placeParty in 2nd placeTotal
    PQLibUNRC
    Parti Québécois 654271
    Liberal 17926
    Union Nationale 2911
    Ralliement créditiste 11
    Parti national populaire 11
    Total2075132110
    Candidates ranked 1st to 5th place, by party [4]
    Parties1st2nd3rd4th5th
      Parti Québécois 7120181
      Liberal 26759
      Union Nationale 1113804
      Parti créditiste 121918
      Parti national populaire 1131
     Democratic Alliance184
      Independent 55
      New Democratic-RMS coalition7
      Labour 4
      Communist 1
    Resulting composition of the 31st Quebec Legislative Assembly [5]
    SourceParty
    PQLibUNRCPNPTotal
    Seats retainedIncumbents returned621128
    Open seats held33
    Ouster of incumbent changing allegiance11
    Previous incumbent from other riding11
    Seats changing handsIncumbents defeated52961
    Open seats gained13114
    Byelection gain held11
    Incumbent changed allegiance11
    Total71261111110

    See also

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    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1981 Quebec general election</span>

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    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1970 Quebec general election</span>

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    References

    1. Tremblay, Réjean (November 16, 1976). "Bas-Saint-Laurent : Une vaste mosaïque dominée par le PQ" [Lower Saint-Lawrence: A vast mosaic dominated by the PQ]. La Presse . Montreal. p. 10 (Cahier Élection).
    2. Bercier, Rhéal (August 4, 1976). "La fusion du PNP et de l'UN se fera en congrès, en octobre" [The PNP/UN merger will take place at a convention in October]. La Presse (in French). Montreal. p. 1.
    3. O'Neill, Pierre (September 4, 1976). "UN-PNP : la rupture" [UN-PNP: the collapse]. Le Devoir (in French). Montreal. pp. 1, 6.
    4. 1 2 3 4 5 Drouilly, Pierre (November 7, 2017). "Élections québécoises de 1976". donneesquebec.ca. Atlas des élections au Québec.
    5. 1 2 "Les membres de l'Assemblée nationale par circonscription" [National Assembly members by riding] (in French). National Assembly of Quebec . Retrieved September 13, 2023.