1960 Quebec general election

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1960 Quebec general election
Flag of Quebec.svg
  1956 June 22, 1960 1962  

95 seats in the 27th Legislative Assembly of Quebec
48 seats were needed for a majority
 First partySecond party
  Jean Lesage avocat.jpg Antonio Barrette.png
Leader Jean Lesage Antonio Barrette
Party Liberal Union Nationale
Leader since May 31, 1958 January 7, 1960
Leader's seat Québec-Ouest Joliette
Last election20 seats, 44.87%72 seats, 51.80%
Seats won5242
Seat changeIncrease2.svg32Decrease2.svg30
Percentage51.38%46.61%
SwingIncrease2.svg6.51pp Decrease2.svg5.19pp

Premier before election

Antonio Barrette
Union Nationale

Premier after election

Jean Lesage
Liberal

The 1960 Quebec general election was held on June 22, 1960, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec, Canada. It was one of the most significant elections in Quebec history, rivalled perhaps only by the 1976 general election. The incumbent Union Nationale, led by Antonio Barrette, was defeated by the Quebec Liberal Party, led by Jean Lesage.

Contents

The 1960 election set the stage for the Quiet Revolution, a major social transformation of all aspects of Quebec society throughout the 1960s. Among many other changes, the influence and power of the Catholic Church fell sharply as Quebec became a secular society.

This election put an end to 16 years of continuous Union Nationale rule, much of it under Maurice Duplessis. Duplessis had died in 1959, ending a period that was later derisively referred to as La Grande Noirceur (the Great Darkness).

Duplessis' successor, longtime minister Paul Sauvé, saw the need to modernize a government that had long been one of the most conservative provincial governments in Canada. He initiated a "hundred days of change" that began to transform Quebec society, but they were cut short when Sauvé died suddenly after only a few months in office. He was succeeded by another longtime minister, Antonio Barrette. However, with its second new leader in less than a year and its third in less than two years, and no published platform, the Union Nationale was thus in disarray when it went into the election.

Background

On September 7, 1959, Maurice Duplessis died during a visit to the northern mining town of Schefferville. His nearly 20 years as premier (interrupted from 1939 to 1944 by Adélard Godbout) were marked by conservatism, clientelism, deference to the Catholic hierarchy, defence of provincial powers from federal interference, opposition to Keynesianism, and fierce anti-syndicalism. Contrary to some accounts of the Grande Noirceur, however, Quebec in the late 1950s was on the path to modernization, with a largely urbanized population and a significant manufacturing sector. [1]

Three days after the death of "le Chef" (the Boss), the cabinet chose Paul Sauvé as his successor. Sauvé undertook his "100 days" of change under the slogan "désormais " (From now on), determined to modernize the machinery of government after years of stagnation under Duplessis. On January 2, 1960, while he had wind in his sails and threatened the Liberals' momentum, the new premier died suddenly in Saint-Eustache, in his riding of Deux-Montagnes. On January 7, Antonio Barrette was chosen as premier. The party thus headed into the election with its third leader in under a year. Further undermining the government's stability was the exposure of the natural gas scandal, reported by Le Devoir on June 13, 1958.

Jean Lesage had been elected leader of the Liberal Party on May 31, 1958, succeeding Georges-Émile Lapalme. Lesage aimed to take advantage of the government's setbacks. Particularly critical of official corruption and Union Nationale policies on federal-provincial relations, he promised to create a "strong and dynamic state" against the "occupying regime". [2] The party could also count on recently recruited star candidate René Lévesque to promote its program.

In addition to the two main parties, the Social Democratic Party (the Quebec branch of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation) participated in the election, led by trade unionist Michel Chartrand. Lacking funds, however, it failed to present a candidate. [1]

On March 18, 1960, an Act was passed that raised the number of seats in the legislature to 95: [3]

The writ of election dropped on April 27, setting the electoral campaign in motion.

Campaign

Despite the Liberal Party's ambitious program and the disarray of the UN, it was difficult to predict the outcome of the vote at the outset of the campaign. The incumbent party still enjoyed significant support and many constituencies faced close races. [1] No leaders' debate was held as the parties could not agree on a format. [1]

The campaign revolved around the two leaders, Barrette and Lesage. Barrette stressed continuity with his predecessors, frequently appearing in publicity campaigns featuring Duplessis and Sauvé. He travelled across the province, relying more on voters' faith in him personally than on an electoral platform, which the UN did not publish. [1] At the beginning of the campaign, he even wrote in the party's organ Montréal-Matin: "Our program was formulated in 1931 and current legislation bears witness to its implementation."

Lesage meanwhile led an "American-style" campaign, focusing on voter outreach to counter the public's perception of him as haughty. He took inspiration from Harry Truman, sometimes spending up to three days in the same region listening to local demands. [4]

The majority of races were two- and three-way contests, but some ridings had more fractured campaigns:

Riding contests, by number of candidates (1960) [5]
CandidatesLibUNIndI-UNI-LibCommLib-RépPSDCFUN-LabLabTotal
25858116
3252541361175
4886441132
5111115
>5334491125
Total9595142220211111253
Ridings with more than five candidates (1960) [5]
RidingLibUNIndI-UNI-LibCommLib-RépPSDCFUN-LabLabTotal
Montréal–Saint-Henri 112116
Maisonneuve 112217
Montréal–Saint-Louis 11216112
Total334491125

Controversy in L'Assomption

After a judicial recount, the UN had won L'Assomption by only one vote. [6] In July 1961, a panel of judges overturned the result, voiding the reelection of Victor-Stanislas Chartrand and declaring the Liberal candidate Frédéric Coiteux the victor by 10 votes. [6] Allegations of voter impersonation, threats and bribery were cited by the judges in voiding 11 votes in the count. Chartrand had attempted to resign his seat and thus trigger a byelection, but that was not accepted pending the outcome in court. [7]

Results

[5]

Elections to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec (1960)
Political partyParty leaderMPPsVotes
Candidates 1956 1960±#±%± (pp)
Liberal Jean Lesage 95205232Increase2.svg1,077,135248,871Increase2.svg51.38%6.50Increase2.svg
Union Nationale Antonio Barrette 95724230Decrease2.svg977,30721,225Increase2.svg46.61%5.19Decrease2.svg
Independent 1411Steady2.svg22,18711,018Decrease2.svg1.06%0.74Decrease2.svg
Independent-Unionist2210,5316,423Increase2.svg0.50%0.28Increase2.svg
Independent-Liberal208,2083,770Increase2.svg0.39%0.15Increase2.svg
 Other candidates
  Communist [a 1] 25365,981Decrease2.svg0.03%0.33Decrease2.svg
 Libéral républicain1188188Increase2.svg0.01%New
  Social Democratic 116611,066Decrease2.svg0.01%0.60Decrease2.svg
 Capital familial114451Increase2.svg0.01%
 UN-Labour1134382Decrease2.svg0.01%0.02Decrease2.svg
  Labour 1501,224Decrease2.svg0.00%0.07Decrease2.svg
Total25393952,096,586100%
Rejected ballots33,5214,740Increase2.svg
Voter turnout2,130,107255,597Increase2.svg81.663.34Increase2.svg
Registered electors2,608,439215,079Increase2.svg
  1. Campaigned in 1956 under the Labor-Progressive banner
Seats and popular vote by party
PartySeatsVotesChange (pp)
  Liberal
52 / 95
51.38%
6.506.5
 
  Union Nationale
42 / 95
46.61%
-5.19
 
  Independent
1 / 95
1.06%
-0.74
 
 Other
0 / 95
0.95%
-0.57
 

Synopsis of results

Results by riding - 1960 Quebec general election [5] [8] [7] [9]
RidingWinning partyTurnout
[a 1]
Votes
Name 1956 PartyVotesShareMargin
#
Margin
%
LibUNIndI-UNI-LibOtherTotal
 
Abitibi-Est UNLib14,06151.25%8523.11%86.12%14,06113,20916627,436
Abitibi-Ouest LibLib6,32152.78%6665.56%90.08%6,3215,65511,976
Argenteuil UNUN8,83560.02%2,95120.05%89.88%5,8848,83514,719
Arthabaska UNLib10,60953.09%1,2696.35%93.52%10,6099,3403519,984
Bagot UNUN5,33555.84%1,11611.68%91.53%4,2195,3359,554
Beauce UNLib12,93954.07%1,9468.13%87.31%12,93910,99323,932
Beauharnois UNUN11,38549.86%1480.65%91.88%11,23711,3858512822,835
Bellechasse UNLib5,60152.06%4444.13%86.88%5,6015,15710,758
Berthier UNUN6,66952.65%8096.39%89.56%5,8606,66913812,667
Bonaventure LibLib8,51351.61%5323.23%86.03%8,5137,98116,494
Bourget NewLib34,41153.08%5,2708.13%75.94%34,41129,1411,27764,829
Brome LibLib3,57855.51%71011.01%87.15%3,5782,8686,446
Chambly LibLib25,92149.91%5991.15%79.01%25,92125,32268851,931
Champlain UNUN11,57250.32%1470.64%91.87%11,42511,57222,997
Charlevoix UNUN7,09752.60%7025.20%87.84%6,3957,09713,492
Châteauguay UNUN7,53953.44%1,2769.05%88.10%6,2637,53930514,107
Chicoutimi UNUN16,74951.32%8602.63%89.96%15,88916,74932,638
Compton LibUN5,72553.77%8027.53%89.31%4,9235,72510,648
Deux-Montagnes UNLib6,97850.15%2992.15%89.43%6,9786,67912113713,915
Dorchester UNUN8,00250.92%2881.83%86.74%7,7148,00215,716
Drummond UNLib12,26850.21%1010.41%92.04%12,26812,16724,435
Duplessis NewLib6,55256.31%1,52813.13%78.05%6,5525,0246011,636
Frontenac UNUN6,41851.77%4383.53%90.59%5,9806,41812,398
Gaspé-Nord UNLib4,82449.79%110.11%88.24%4,8244,813519,688
Gaspé-Sud UNUN7,65652.72%7915.45%90.34%6,8657,65614,521
Gatineau UNUN9,84655.42%2,14012.05%80.51%7,7069,84621417,766
Hull LibLib15,19560.90%5,69222.81%84.36%15,1959,50325224,950
Huntingdon UNUN3,67156.75%87313.50%85.85%2,7983,6716,469
Iberville UNLib4,12453.52%5427.03%92.81%4,1243,5827,706
Îles-de-la-Madeleine UNUN2,75956.99%67713.98%91.24%2,0822,7594,841
Jacques-Cartier LibLib46,02459.32%16,32521.04%73.08%46,02429,6991,52933677,588
Joliette UNUN12,47964.75%5,68529.50%89.70%6,79412,47919,273
Jonquière-Kénogami UNLib15,31056.86%6,01422.33%89.82%15,3109,2962,13418826,928
Kamouraska UNUN6,05653.84%8647.68%84.65%5,1926,05611,248
L'Assomption UNLib7,99949.73%100.06%89.16%7,9997,9899416,082
L'Islet UNLib5,86258.09%1,63216.17%86.47%5,8624,23010,092
Labelle UNUN5,85752.33%5224.66%89.81%5,3355,85711,192
Lac-Saint-Jean UNLib9,84456.65%2,31013.29%91.75%9,8447,53417,378
Laval UNLib51,75256.43%11,79012.86%80.21%51,75239,96291,714
Laviolette UNUN11,01351.71%7283.42%88.87%10,28511,01321,298
Lévis UNLib13,19454.74%2,2869.48%90.25%13,19410,90824,102
Lotbinière UNUN6,27250.65%1611.30%90.17%6,1116,27212,383
Maisonneuve UNUN22,68246.10%2,1304.33%73.78%20,55222,6823,1472,44337349,197
Maskinongé UNUN5,48154.29%8678.59%92.95%4,6145,48110,095
Matane UNLib9,13153.55%1,2107.10%84.38%9,1317,92117,052
Matapédia UNLib7,26356.76%1,73013.52%86.25%7,2635,53312,796
Mégantic UNLib14,22159.22%4,42718.43%91.88%14,2219,79424,015
Missisquoi UNUN7,86757.74%2,10815.47%89.83%5,7597,86713,626
Montcalm UNUN4,43251.49%4415.12%90.35%3,9914,4321848,607
Montmagny UNLib5,86549.89%90.08%89.21%5,8655,8563511,756
Montmorency UNUN6,26654.38%1,0098.76%90.98%5,2576,26611,523
Montréal–Jeanne-Mance UNUN38,01551.32%2,4673.33%74.86%35,54838,01551574,078
Montréal-Laurier UNLib14,01247.83%1290.44%79.31%14,01213,88348991029,294
Montréal-Mercier UNUN16,42351.46%9292.91%74.84%15,49416,42331,917
Montréal–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce LibLib29,85766.18%14,60232.37%60.87%29,85715,25545,112
Montréal-Outremont LibLib27,06962.98%15,17435.30%58.38%27,06911,8954,01742,981
Montréal–Saint-Henri LibLib17,82049.87%1,3873.88%74.92%17,82016,43338542067235,730
Montréal–Saint-Jacques UNUN9,19053.08%1,4638.45%66.19%7,7279,19018621117,314
Montréal–Saint-Louis LibLib10,58041.06%1010.39%61.34%10,58010,4793,569 [a 2] 2138765025,767
Montréal–Sainte-Anne IndInd9,20657.90%3,75423.61%63.73%5,4521,2439,20615,901
Montréal–Sainte-Marie UNUN15,69056.95%4,32815.71%71.40%11,36215,69049827,550
Montréal-Verdun LibLib18,35457.64%5,39716.95%72.26%18,35412,9579726916331,840
Napierville-Laprairie UNUN8,55150.05%160.09%90.06%8,5358,55117,086
Nicolet UNUN7,28152.86%7885.72%84.45%6,4937,28113,774
Papineau UNUN11,94153.74%1,6617.47%90.51%10,28011,94122,221
Pontiac UNUN5,18158.37%1,48616.74%82.14%3,6955,1818,876
Portneuf UNLib12,08654.45%1,9758.90%91.19%12,08610,11122,197
Québec-Centre UNUN9,48053.50%1,2396.99%83.93%8,2419,48017,721
Québec-Comté UNLib27,83955.95%7,15314.38%88.18%27,83920,6861,23249,757
Québec-Est UNUN20,53652.32%1,9564.98%88.68%18,58020,53613439,250
Québec-Ouest LibLib11,63555.87%2,52312.11%87.04%11,6359,1127920,826
Richelieu UNLib9,61752.91%1,1456.30%88.91%9,6178,4728818,177
Richmond LibLib9,69153.50%1,2697.01%90.57%9,6918,42218,113
Rimouski LibLib11,58555.84%2,42211.67%85.70%11,5859,16320,748
Rivière-du-Loup LibLib8,67151.71%5723.41%88.58%8,6718,09916,770
Roberval UNLib12,76158.50%3,97118.21%87.78%12,7618,79026121,812
Rouville UNUN5,91552.71%6095.43%89.07%5,3065,91511,221
Rouyn-Noranda LibLib8,38752.29%7354.58%88.47%8,3877,65216,039
Saguenay UNLib10,47559.14%3,23718.27%80.09%10,4757,23817,713
Saint-Hyacinthe LibLib11,45655.16%2,14410.32%85.60%11,4569,31220,768
Saint-Jean UNLib8,86950.60%2101.20%91.85%8,8698,65917,528
Saint-Maurice LibLib15,04053.12%1,7676.24%91.02%15,04013,27328,313
Saint-Sauveur UNUN14,21658.79%4,25217.58%88.63%9,96414,21624,180
Shefford UNUN12,28652.98%1,3835.96%88.16%10,90312,28623,189
Sherbrooke UNLib17,66151.02%1,3964.03%84.11%17,66116,26569234,618
Stanstead UNLib8,23451.28%4102.55%86.51%8,2347,82416,058
Témiscamingue UNUN4,28953.44%5526.88%89.78%3,7374,2898,026
Témiscouata UNUN5,60653.46%7266.92%86.55%4,8805,60610,486
Terrebonne UNLib25,93658.72%8,38718.99%89.07%25,93617,54968144,166
Trois-Rivières UNUN13,22146.65%1030.36%89.22%13,11813,2211,85614428,339
Vaudreuil-Soulanges UNLib9,05150.41%1490.83%90.85%9,0518,90217,953
Verchères UNLib5,58350.01%630.56%91.08%5,5835,5206011,163
Westmount–Saint-Georges LibLib10,98861.75%4,18323.51%55.12%10,9886,80517,793
Wolfe UNLib3,97251.85%3344.36%92.17%3,9723,638517,661
Yamaska UNUN4,03056.51%92913.03%87.84%3,1014,0307,131
  1. including spoilt ballots
  2. including Dave Rochon (3,447 votes), previously elected as Liberal MPP in 1956, but resigned from the party in June 1957
  = open seat
  = turnout is above provincial average
  = winning candidate was in previous Legislature
  = incumbent had switched allegiance
  = not incumbent; was previously elected to the Legislature
  = incumbency arose from byelection gain
  = other incumbents renominated
  = multiple candidates
  = adjusted on judicial recount

Analysis

Party candidates in 2nd place [5]
Party in 1st placeParty in 2nd placeTotal
LibUN
Liberal 5252
Union Nationale 4242
Independent 11
Total435295
Candidates ranked 1st to 5th place, by party [5]
Parties1st2nd3rd4th5th
  Liberal 5243
  Union Nationale 42521
  Independent 1731
 Independent UN1543
 Independent Liberal122
  Social Democratic 1
 UN-Labour1
  Communist 1
 Capital familial1
 Libéral républicain1
Resulting composition of the 27th Quebec Legislative Assembly [8]
SourceParty
LibUNIndTotal
Seats retainedIncumbents returned1640157
Open seats held112
Ouster of incumbent11
Seats changing handsIncumbents defeated2323
Incumbents defeated - previous incumbents returned33
Open seats gained55
Open seats gained - previous incumbents returned11
Byelection gain held11
New ridingsNew MPPs elected22
Total5242195

See also

Further reading

Related Research Articles

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Éric Bédard. "Le 22 juin 1960 — L'élection de Jean Lesage : « un changement de la vie » ? - La Fondation Lionel-Groulx". www.fondationlionelgroulx.org. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
  2. Thomson, Dale C. (1984). Jean Lesage & the quiet revolution. Toronto: McMillan of Canada. p. 107. ISBN   0-7715-9797-5.
  3. An Act respecting the territorial division of the Province , S.Q. 1959-60, c. 28
  4. Lemieux, Vincent (1969). Quatre élections provinciales au Québec (1956-1966). Quebec City: Les Presses de l'Université Laval. p. 14.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Drouilly, Pierre (November 7, 2017). "Élections québécoises de 1960". donneesquebec.ca. Atlas des élections au Québec.
  6. 1 2 Morin, Maurice (July 13, 1961). "Majorité libérale augmentée" [Liberal majority increased]. La Presse (in French). Montreal. pp. 1, 2.
  7. 1 2 "M. Coiteux élu dans L'Assomption" [Mr Coiteux is elected in L'Assomption]. Le Devoir (in French). July 14, 1961. p. 1.
  8. 1 2 "Les membres de l'Assemblée nationale par circonscription" [National Assembly members by riding] (in French). National Assembly of Quebec . Retrieved September 13, 2023.
  9. "Les élections annulées" [Voided elections] (in French). National Assembly of Quebec . Retrieved October 15, 2023.