A resin is a solid or highly viscous liquid that can be converted into a polymer. Resins may be biological or synthetic in origin, but are typically harvested from plants. Resins are mixtures of organic compounds, and predominantly terpenes. Well known resins include amber, hashish, frankincense, myrrh and the animal-derived resin, shellac. Resins are commonly used in varnishes, adhesives, food additives, incenses and perfumes.
Aquatint is an intaglio printmaking technique, a variant of etching that produces areas of tone rather than lines. For this reason it has mostly been used in conjunction with etching, to give both lines and shaded tone. It has also been used historically to print in colour, both by printing with multiple plates in different colours, and by making monochrome prints that were then hand-coloured with watercolour.
Rosin, also known as colophony or Greek pitch (Latin: pix graeca), is a resinous material obtained from pine trees and other plants, mostly conifers. The primary components of rosin are diterpenoids, i.e., C20 carboxylic acids. Rosin consists mainly of resin acids, especially abietic acid. Rosin often appears as a semi-transparent, brittle substance that ranges in color from yellow to black and melts at stove-top temperatures.
Abietic acid is a diterpenoid found in coniferous trees. It is supposed to exist as a defend the host plant from insect attack or various wounds. Chemically, it is a complicated molecule featuring two alkene groups and a carboxylic acid within a chiral tricyclic framework. As the major component of rosin, it is a commercially important. Historically speaking, it was a major component of naval stores. It is the most common of the resin acids. Another common resin acid is pimaric acid, which converts to abietic acid upon heating.
In metallurgy, a flux is a chemical reducing agent, flowing agent, or purifying agent. Fluxes may have more than one function at a time. They are used in both extractive metallurgy and metal joining.
Balsam is the resinous exudate which forms on certain kinds of trees and shrubs. Balsam owes its name to the biblical Balm of Gilead.
Resin acid refers to any of several related carboxylic acids found in tree resins. Nearly all resin acids have the same basic skeleton: three fused rings having the empirical formula C19H29COOH. Resin acids occur in nature as tacky, yellowish gums consisting of several compounds. They are water-insoluble. A common resin acid is abietic acid. Resin acids are used to produce soaps for diverse applications, but their use is being displaced increasingly by synthetic acids such as 2-ethylhexanoic acid or petroleum-derived naphthenic acids.
Plicatic acid is a carboxylic acid from the resin acid group. It is naturally found in Thuja and cypress resin, and the main irritant and contact allergen present in thuja wood; in contrast to pine, where the primary irritant is abietic acid.
Resin soap is a mix of salts of resin acids. It is a yellow gelatinous pasty soap with use in bleaching and cleaning and as a compound of some varnishes. It also finds use in rubber industry as an emulsifier. Often the soap is pretreated with formaldehyde and maleic anhydride.
Tall oil, also called liquid rosin or tallol, is a viscous yellow-black odorous liquid obtained as a by-product of the kraft process of wood pulp manufacture when pulping mainly coniferous trees. The name originated as an anglicization of the Swedish tallolja. Tall oil is the third largest chemical by-product in a kraft mill after lignin and hemicellulose; the yield of crude tall oil from the process is in the range of 30–50 kg / ton pulp. It may contribute to 1.0–1.5% of the mill's revenue if not used internally.
The molecular formula C20H30O2 (molar mass : 302.45 g/mol, exact mass : 302.22458) may refer to:
Abietic acid dermatitis is a contact dermatitis often seen in association with musical instruments.
Isopimaric acid (IPA) is a toxin which acts as a large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel (BK channel) opener.
Abietane is a diterpene that forms the structural basis for a variety of natural chemical compounds such as abietic acid, carnosic acid, and ferruginol which are collectively known as abietanes or abietane diterpenes.
Levopimaric acid is an abietane-type of diterpene resin acid. It is a major constituent of pine oleoresin with the chemical formula of C20H30O2. In general, the abietene types of diterpene resin acid have various biological activities, such as antibacterial, cardiovascular and antioxidant. Levopimaric acid accounts for about 18 to 25% of pine oleoresin. The production of oleoresin by conifer species is an important component of the defense response against insect attack and fungal pathogen infection.
Abieta-7,13-dien-18-al dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.74, abietadienal dehydrogenase (ambiguous)) is an enzyme with systematic name abieta-7,13-dien-18-al:NAD+ oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.109, CYP720B1, PTAO) is an enzyme with systematic name abieta-7,13-dien-18-ol,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (18-hydroxylating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Rosin paper is a heavy duty felt paper used in construction such as underlayment under flooring and siding.
Palustric acid is an organic compound with the formula C20H30O2. It is classified as a diterpenoid and a resin acid. Palustric acid is an isomer of abietic acid: the location of the two C=C bonds differ in these two compounds. It is a colorless solid that is soluble in polar organic solvents. In terms of biological function palustric acid protects its host trees, especially conifers, against insects, an example of plant defense against herbivory. It is biosynthesized from the C20 precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate.
Vladimir Viktorovich Shkatelov was a Russian and Soviet chemical technologist and was the founder of forest chemistry in Belarus. He held a Doctor of Chemical Sciences degree, was an Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of BSSR (1929), and was honored as a Distinguished Scientist of BSSR (1938). Shkatelov authored over 60 scientific works on forest and agricultural technology. He is known for his leadership in pioneering industrial experiments in tapping deciduous trees and directing research on wood hydrolysis. He was a key figure in establishing the tapping and rosin-turpentine industry in the USSR. Among the first researchers to identify the superior quality of Russian turpentine. Shkatelov also developed innovative methods for processing resin and analyzed the chemical composition of resins
