The classification of the Plectocretacicoidei as a sister group to the Tetraodontiformes has been challenged and many of the characteristics which were used to suggest a close relationship to the Tetraodontiformes are shared with the Lophiiformes, the anglerfishes, and the Lophiiformes and Tetraodontiformes share derived characteristics which are not present in the Plectocretacicoidei. The authors of this study suggest that the taxa included within Plectocretacicoidei are basal members of the Percomorpha.[4]
Families
Plectocretacicoidei includes the following families:[1][5]'
↑ Franceso Santini; James C. Tyler (2003). "A phylogeny of the families of fossil and extant tetraodontiform fishes (Acanthomorpha, Tetraodontiformes), Upper Cretaceous to Recent". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 139 (4): 565–617. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2003.00088.x.
The Percopsiformes are a small order of freshwater teleost fishes measuring less than 20 cm in length, comprising the trout-perch and its allies. It contains just ten extant species, grouped into seven genera and three families. Five of these genera are monotypic.
Tetraodontiformes, also known as the Plectognathi, is an order of ray-finned fishes which includes the pufferfishes and related taxa. This order has been classified as a suborder of the order Perciformes, although recent studies have found that it, as the Tetraodontoidei, is a sister taxon to the anglerfish order Lophiiformes, called Lophiodei, and have placed both taxa within the Acanthuriformes. The Tetraodontiformes are represented by 10 extant families and at around 430 species overall. The majority of the species within this order are marine but a few may be found in freshwater. They are found throughout the world.
Ophidiiformes is an order of ray-finned fish that includes the cusk-eels, pearlfishes, viviparous brotulas, and others. Members of this order have small heads and long slender bodies. They have either smooth scales or no scales, a long dorsal fin and an anal fin that typically runs into the caudal fin. They mostly come from the tropics and subtropics, and live in both freshwater and marine habitats, including abyssal depths. They have adopted a range of feeding methods and lifestyles, including parasitism. The majority are egg-laying, but some are viviparous.
Chondrostei is a group of non-neopterygian ray-finned fish. While the term originally referred to the paraphyletic grouping of all non-neopterygian ray-finned fish, it was redefined by Patterson in 1982 to be a clade comprising the Acipenseriformes and their extinct relatives.
Neopterygii is a subclass of ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii). Neopterygii includes the Holostei and the Teleostei, of which the latter comprise the vast majority of extant fishes, and over half of all living vertebrate species. While living holosteans include only freshwater taxa, teleosts are diverse in both freshwater and marine environments. Many new species of teleosts are scientifically described each year.
The Zeiformes are a small order of exclusively marine ray-finned fishes most notable for the dories, a group of common food fish. The order consists of about 33 species in six extant families, mostly deep-sea types. The boarfishes (Caproidae) have been previously included in this order though they are currently included in the Perciformes.
The Molidae comprise the family of the molas or ocean sunfishes, unusual fish whose bodies come to an end just behind the dorsal and anal fins, giving them a "half-fish" appearance. They are also the largest of the ray-finned bony fish, with the southern sunfish, Mola alexandrini, recorded at 4.6 m (15 ft) in length and 2,744 kg (6,049 lb) in weight.
Acanthopterygii is a superorder of bony fishes in the class Actinopterygii. Members of this superorder are sometimes called ray-finned fishes for the characteristic sharp, bony rays in their fins; however this name is often given to the class Actinopterygii as a whole.
Triacanthidae, commonly known as triplespines or tripodfishes, is a family of Indo-Pacific fishes. It is classified in the order Tetraodontiformes, along with the pufferfishes and the ocean sunfish. The family consists of seven species in four genera, in addition to three extinct genera that are only known from fossils.
Eospinus daniltshenkoi is an extinct tetraodontid bony fish from the Eocene. Its fossils are from the Danata Formation lagerstatten of Ypresian Turkmenistan.
Protriacanthus is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish. It contains a single species, P. gortanii.
The anglerfish are fish of the teleost order Lophiiformes. They are bony fish named for their characteristic mode of predation, in which a modified luminescent fin ray acts as a lure for other fish. The luminescence comes from symbiotic bacteria, which are thought to be acquired from seawater, that dwell in and around the sea.
Cretazeus is an extinct genus of marine zeiform fish from the Late Cretaceous. It contains a single species, Cretazeus rinaldii from the late Campanian or early Maastrichtian age of Nardò, Italy. It is the oldest known zeiform fish, and is alternatively considered the only member of the family Cretazeidae or the most basal member of the family Parazenidae.
Archaeozeus is an extinct genus of marine ray-finned fish from the Ypresian epoch Fur Formation of Denmark. It contains a single species, A. skamolensis, and is the only member of the family Archaeozeidae. It is considered the most basal member of the order Zeiformes.
Plectocretacicus is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish that lived during the lower Cenomanian. It contains a single species, P. clarae. Plectocretacicus may be the earliest known member of the order Tetraodontiformes.
Acanthopleurus is an extinct genus of marine triplespine that lived in the seas over what is now Europe during the early Oligocene epoch.
Cretatriacanthus is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine ray-finned fish from the Late Cretaceous. It contains a single species, C. guidottii from the late Campanian or early Maastrichtian of Nardò, Italy. It is generally placed as a basal tetraodontiform, although more recent studies have disputed this, finding it to instead represent an early basal percomorph.
The Argentiniformes is an order of marine ray-finned fish whose distinctness was recognized only fairly recently. In former times, they were included in the Osmeriformes as suborder Argentinoidei. That term refers only to the suborder of marine smelts and barreleyes in the classification used here, with the slickheads and allies being the Alepocephaloidei. These suborders were treated as superfamilies Argentinoidea and Alepocephaloidea, respectively, when the present group was still included in the Osmeriformes.
Percomorpha is a large clade of ray-finned fish with more than 17 000 known species that includes the tuna, seahorses, gobies, cichlids, flatfish, wrasse, perches, anglerfish, and pufferfish.
Cretatriacanthidae is an extinct family of prehistoric marine ray-finned fish from the Late Cretaceous. It contains two genera, both known from southern Europe.
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