| Plocoscyphia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Fossil of Plocoscyphia labrosa from | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Porifera |
| Class: | Hexactinellida |
| Order: | Lychniscosida |
| Family: | † Callodictyonidae |
| Genus: | † Plocoscyphia Reuss, 1846 |
Plocoscyphia is an extinct genus of sea sponges belonging to the family Callodictyonidae.
This genus is known in the fossil record from the Permian period to the Eocene (age range from 254.0 to 37.2 million years ago). Fossils of species within this genus have been found in Europe and China. [1]
Demosponges are the most diverse class in the phylum Porifera. They include 76.2% of all species of sponges with nearly 8,800 species worldwide. They are sponges with a soft body that covers a hard, often massive skeleton made of calcium carbonate, either aragonite or calcite. They are predominantly leuconoid in structure. Their "skeletons" are made of spicules consisting of fibers of the protein spongin, the mineral silica, or both. Where spicules of silica are present, they have a different shape from those in the otherwise similar glass sponges. Some species, in particular from the Antarctic, obtain the silica for spicule building from the ingestion of siliceous diatoms.
Lanistes is a genus of freshwater snails which have a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Ampullariidae, the apple snails.
Pareuthria is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Cominellidae.
The Mount Stephen trilobite beds are a series of fossil strata on Mount Stephen, British Columbia that contain exceptionally preserved fossil material. Part of the same stratigraphic unit as the Burgess Shale deposit, many non-mineralized parts are preserved; in addition, a high density of trilobite fossils is present.
Arthur Dendy was an English zoologist known for his work on marine sponges and the terrestrial invertebrates of Victoria, Australia, notably including the "living fossil" Peripatus. He was in turn professor of zoology in New Zealand, in South Africa and finally at King's College London. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society.
Ceratitidae is an extinct family of ammonite cephalopods.
Rhinochelys is an extinct genus of sea turtles belonging to the family Protostegidae.
Turonia is an extinct genus of sea sponges belonging to the class Demospongiae.
Siphoniidae is an extinct family of sea sponges belonging to the class Demospongiae.
Tetractinellida is an order of sea sponges belonging to the Class Demospongiae. First described in 1876, this order received a new description in 2012 and replaced the two orders Astrophorida and Spirophorida, which then became sub-orders as Astrophorina and Spirophorina.
Vetulina is a genus of sea sponges in the subclass Heteroscleromorpha. It is the only genus in the monotypic family Vetulinidae and the monotypic order Sphaerocladina.
Protomonaxonida is an extinct order of sea sponges. It is a paraphyletic group gathering the most ancient species from the Burgess Shale to modern sponges.
Amphidiscosida is an order of hexactinellid sponges characterized by amphidisc spicules, that is, spicules having a stellate disk at each end. They are in the class Hexactinellida and are the only order classified in the monotypic subclass Amphidiscophora. Species of the order Amphidiscosida have existed since the Ordovician period, and still flourish today.
Coeloptychium is an extinct genus of lychniscosidan hexasterophoran sea sponge which has often been used as an index fossil. Its remains have been found in Cretaceous sediments in Germany, Belgium, France and the UK. Coeloptyhcium is best preserved in Campanian sediments in Germany. The type species, C. agaricoides, was named in 1826.
Myrmecioptychium is an extinct lychniscosidan hexasterophoran sea sponge, which is a subgenus of Coeloptychium. Its remains have been found in Santonian-Maastrichtian-aged deposits in Broitzem, Germany and Poland. The type species, M. bodei, was named in 1912.
Sceptrulophora is an order of hexactinellid sponges, commonly known as Glass sponges, characterized by sceptrule spicules, that is, "microscleric monactinal triaxonic spicules that include clavules with terminel umbels or smooth heads." Species of the order Sceptrulophora have existed since the Jurassic period, and still flourish today. While there is ongoing debate about the organization of various taxa in Sceptrulophora, the monophyly of the taxon Sceptrulophora is supported by the presence of sceptrules in most of the extant species, and has recently been further supported by DNA sequencing.
Euretidae is a family of glass sponges in the order Sceptrulophora.
Chonelasmatinae is a subfamily of sea sponge in the family Euretidae.
Aphrocallistes is a genus of sponges belonging to the family Aphrocallistidae.
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