Porphyromonas is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, obligately anaerobic and non-motile genus from the family Porphyromonadaceae. There were 16 different Porphyromonas species documented as of 2015, which reside in both animal and human reservoirs. It was discovered more recently that Porphyromonas also exist in the environment, albeit to a lesser extent. This genus is notably implicated in the modulation of oral cavity, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract disease states. It is suggested that Porphyromonas either operate as benign bacteria pertinent to host immunity or are potential pathobionts that opportunistically provoke diseased states when homeostasis is disrupted. Despite its characterization not being fully elucidated due to sparse research, various studies report the prevalence of this genus at 58.7% in healthy states compared with 41.3% in diseased states.
The Lachnospiraceae are a family of obligately anaerobic, variably spore-forming bacteria in the order Eubacteriales that ferment diverse plant polysaccharides to short-chain fatty acids and alcohols (ethanol). These bacteria are among the most abundant taxa in the rumen and the human gut microbiota. Members of this family may protect against colon cancer in humans by producing butyric acid. Lachnospiraceae have been found to contribute to diabetes in genetically susceptible (ob/ob) germ-free mice.
Falsiporphyromonas endometrii is an anaerobic bacterium from the genus of Falsiporphyromonas which has been isolated from the post-partum bovine uterus of a holstein cow in Klein Bennebek in Germany.
Porphyromonas bennonis is a Gram-negative, anaerobic and non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus Porphyromonas which has been isolated from human clinical specimens.
Porphyromonas cangingivalis is a bacterium from the genus Porphyromonas which occur in the periodontal pockets of dogs. Porphyromonas cangingivalis can cause periodontitis in animals.
Porphyromonas canoris is a Gram-negative, obligately anaerobic, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterium from the genus Porphyromonas which has been isolated from subgingival plaque from dogs.
Porphyromonas catoniae is a Gram-negative and anaerobic bacterium from the genus Porphyromonas which has been isolated from the human gingival crevice.
Porphyromonas circumdentaria is a Gram-negative and anaerobic bacterium from the genus Porphyromonas which has been isolated from a subcutaneous abscess of a cat in Australia.
Porphyromonas gulae is a Gram-negative, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus Porphyromonas which has been isolated from the gingival sulcus of a wolf in Canada.
Porphyromonas pogonae is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Porphyromonas which has been isolated from human clinical specimen.
Porphyromonas somerae is a Gram-negative and anaerobic bacterium from the genus Porphyromonas which has been isolated from a human leg ulcer in the United States.
Porphyromonas macacae is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, anaerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus Porphyromonas which has been isolated from the periodontal pocket of the macaque Macaca arctoides.
Porphyromonas levii is a Gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium from the genus Porphyromonas, which has been isolated from a bovine rumen.
Enterocloster bolteae, formerly Clostridium bolteae, is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Enterocloster. E. bolteae is obligately anaerobic and capable of forming spores. The type species was isolated from a human stool sample.
Paenalcaligenes hominis is a bacterium from the genus Paenalcaligenes which has been isolated from human blood in Gothenburg in Sweden.
Anaerofustis is a Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming bacterial genus from the family of Eubacteriaceae with one known species. Anaerofustis stercorihominis was isolated from human feces.
Cetobacterium is a Gram-negative, pleomorphic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and non-motile genus of bacteria from the family of Fusobacteriaceae.
Alistipes onderdonkii is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and anaerobic bacterium from the genus of Alistipes which has been isolated from a human abdominal abscess in the United States.
Alistipes shahii is a Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Alistipes which has been isolated from human appendix tissue from the United States.
Peptoniphilus gorbachii is a Gram-positive and anaerobic bacterium from the genus Peptoniphilus which has been isolated from a human abscess from Los Angeles in the United States.
