Part of a series on the |
Telangana movement |
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Telangana region marked in white within the state of Andhra Pradesh (prior to the 2014 split) |
Background |
History |
Srikrishna Committee and aftermath Formation of Telangana |
The Pre-2004 Telangana protests refers to the movements and agitations related to the Telangana movement that took place before the year 2004. Andhra state and Telangana was merged to form Andhra Pradesh state on 1 November 1956 after providing safeguards to Telangana in the form of Gentlemen's agreement. Soon after the formation of Andhra Pradesh, people of Telangana expressed dissatisfaction over how the agreements and guarantees were implemented. Protests initially led by students later under the leadership of newly formed political party Telangana Praja Samithi, led by M. Chenna Reddy and Konda Lakshman Bapuji, a minister who resigned from the cabinet led by then Chief Minister Kasu Brahmananda Reddy, demanding the formation of a separate state of Telangana. More than three hundred people died in police firing. Under the Mulki rules in force at the time, anyone who had lived in Hyderabad for 15 years was considered a local, and was thus eligible for certain government posts. When the Supreme Court upheld the Mulki rules at the end of 1972, the Jai Andhra movement, with the aim of re-forming a separate state of Andhra, was started in Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions.
For the safeguard of jobs in Hyderabad State government. It was the first major event in Telangana movement.
In the years after the formation of Andhra Pradesh state, people of Telangana expressed dissatisfaction over how the agreements and guarantees were implemented. Discontent intensified in January 1969, when the guarantees that had been agreed on were supposed to lapse. All the Andhra employees who migrated to capital city in 1956 will be considered 'local' in 1969 after 12 years of residence per mulki rules. Student agitation for the continuation of the agreement began at Khammam and spread to other parts of the region. One section of students (which appeared dominant) wanted a separate state of Telangana while the other wanted implementation of safeguards. [1] On 19 January, all party accord was reached to ensure the proper implementation of Telangana safeguards. Accord's main points were 1) All non-Telangana employees holding posts reserved for Telangana locals will be transferred immediately. 2) Telangana surpluses will be used for Telangana development. 3) Appleal to Telangana students to call off agitation. [2]
On 23 January, protests turned violent when a crowd of about 1000 agitators tried to set fire to a Sub-Inspector's residence. This resulted in police firing in which 17 people were injured who were admitted to various hospitals. Meanwhile, certain Andhra employees challenged the transfer orders promised by the all party accord, by filing a petition in the AP high court. [3] On 29 January, Army was called in by the government to maintain law & order as the Agitation quickly turned violent. [4] In February, Mulki rules (local jobs for local people), as promised in Gentleman's agreement, were declared by high court as void but this judgement was stayed by divisional bench of high court. [5] Quoting statistics of development in Telangana area over the last 12 years, the chief minister maintained the state of the Andhra Pradesh was "irreversible" and made an appeal to people to help maintain unity & integrity. [6] Protests continued in March, and a bundh turned violent when protestors burnt buses.
In April, protestors tried to disrupt a meeting of CPI (which was opposed to the division of the state) by indulging in stone-pelting. Police had to resort to live firing after their attempts to control the crowd by lathi-charge & firing in the air didn't yield results. In the ensuing firing, 3 people were killed and several injured. [7] [8] Around 354 arrests were made related to various arson incidents during the agitation. Then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi called for a high-level meeting to discuss the issue while ruling out the division of the state. [9] After several days of talks with leaders of both regions, on 12 April 1969, the Prime Minister developed an Eight point plan. [10]
Eight point plan: This plan includes appointment of Five committees ;
Telangana leaders were not satisfied with the accord. [11] Protests continued under the leadership of newly formed political party Telangana Praja Samithi asking for the formation of Telangana and people continued to get killed in police firing. [12] [13]
Justice Bhargava committee which looked into Telangana surpluses, found that 283 million rupees was diverted from Telangana to Andhra region between 1956 and 1968. Economist C H Hanumanth Rao further analysed the data from the committee report and concluded that for Telangana, cumulative surplus with interest during that period was 1.174 Billion rupees. [14] [15] During this period, the revenue budget of the state grew from 586 million rupees in 1957 to 2.04 billion rupees in 1968. [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]
Government employees and opposition members of the state legislative assembly threatened "direct action" in support of the students. [21] Purushotham Rao was for outright separation, and he supported the student views. He unveiled a map of Telangana in the state assembly. [22] A memorial called Gun Park was built near Public Gardens, Hyderabad to commemorate students who lost their lives in the struggles of 1969.
Although the Congress faced some dissension within its ranks, its leadership stood against additional linguistic states. As a result, defectors from the Congress, led by M. Chenna Reddy, founded the Telangana Praja Samithi political party in 1969. In the May 1971 parliamentary elections, Telangana Praja Samithi won 10 out the 14 Parliament seats in Telangana. [23] [24] Despite these electoral successes, some of the new party leaders gave up their agitation in September 1971 after realising that the Prime Minister was not inclined to towards a separate state of Telangana, and rejoined the safer political haven of the Congress ranks. [25]
During this period, the Government promised to correct what critics saw as a violation of the promises of the Gentleman's agreement in the areas of jobs, budget allocations, and educational facilities. [26] Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was strongly against the division of the state, but on her recommendation, P. V. Narasimha Rao became the first Chief minister of Andhra Pradesh from Telangana on 30 September 1971. [27] [28]
In 1972, candidates of the Telangana Praja Samithi party contested all the available seats for the assembly elections. However, only Thakkalapalli Purushothama Rao got elected, from Wardhannapet constituency in Warangal District.
Under the Mulki rules in force at the time, anyone who had lived in Hyderabad for 15 years was considered a local, and was thus eligible for certain government posts. When the Supreme Court upheld the Mulki rules at the end of 1972, the Jai Andhra movement, with the aim of re-forming a separate state of Andhra, was started in Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions. [29] P. V. Narasimha Rao resigned as Chief minister of Andhra Pradesh on 10 January 1973, and President's rule was declared in the state.
On 21 September 1973, a political settlement was reached with the Government of India with a Six-Point Formula. It was agreed upon by the leaders of the two regions to prevent any recurrence of such agitations in the future.
To avoid legal problems, constitution was amended (32nd amendment) to give the legal sanctity to the Six-point formula. [31]
In 1985, when Telangana employees complained about the violations to six-point formula, government enacted government order 610 (GO 610) to correct the violations in recruitment. As Telangana people complained about non-implementation of GO 610, in 2001, government constituted Girglani commission to look into violations. [32]
In 1997, the state unit of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) passed a resolution seeking a separate Telangana. [33] Though the party created the states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Uttarakhand in 2000, it could not create a separate Telangana state because of lack of consensus with the Telugu Desam Party, which extended outside support to its government at the centre. [34] Congress party MLAs from the Telangana region who supported a separate Telangana state formed the Telangana Congress Legislators Forum and submitted memorandum to their president Sonia Gandhi requesting the support the Telangana state. [35] [36] [37] [38] [39]
A new political party called Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS), led by Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao (KCR), was formed in 2001 with the single-point agenda of creating a separate Telangana state with Hyderabad as its capital. [40] [41] [42]
In 2001, the Congress Working Committee sent a resolution to the NDA government for constituting a second SRC to look into the Telangana state demand. This was rejected by then union home minister L.K. Advani citing that smaller states were neither viable nor conducive to the integrity of the country. [43]
In April 2002, Advani wrote a letter to MP A. Narendra rejecting a proposal to create Telangana state explaining that "regional disparities in economic development could be tackled through planning and efficient use of available resources". He said that the NDA government, therefore, does "not propose creation of a separate state of Telangana" [44]
In October 2012, Advani said "Had our partner TDP cooperated with us during NDA tenure, there would have been separate Telangana". [45]
Bharat Rashtra Samithi, formerly known as Telangana Rashtra Samithi, is an Indian political party which is predominantly active in the state of Telangana. It was founded on 27 April 2001 as by K. Chandrashekar Rao, with a single-point agenda of creating a separate Telangana state with Hyderabad as its capital. It has been instrumental in carrying forth a sustained agitation for the granting of statehood to Telangana.
Telangana Praja Samithi or Telangana Peoples Convention was an Indian political party which fought for statehood for the Telangana region.
The Politics of Andhra Pradesh take place in the context of a bicameral parliamentary system within the Constitutional framework of India. The main parties in the state are the YSR Congress Party, Telugu Desam Party and Jana Sena Party. Other parties that have small presence in the state include the Indian National Congress, Bharatiya Janata Party and Left parties. Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy is the incumbent Chief Minister.
Dr. Mallikarjun Goud was a Union Minister, President of Andhra Pradesh Congress Committee, and six-term member of the Parliament of India. He was the member of 5th Lok Sabha, 6th Lok Sabha, 7th Lok Sabha, 9th Lok Sabha, 10th Lok Sabha, and 11th Lok Sabha of India.
Tulla Devender Goud is an Indian politician from the Telugu Desam Party. He founded the Nava Telangana Praja Party (NTP) to fight for separate statehood for the Telangana region in Andhra Pradesh, but later returned to his parent outfit.
Kothapalli Jayashankar, popularly known as Professor Jayashankar, was an Indian academic and social activist. He was a leading ideologue of the Telangana Movement. He fought for a separate state beginning in 1952. He often stated that unequal distribution of river water was the root cause of the separate Telangana movement. He was the former Vice-Chancellor of Kakatiya University and an activist in the Separate Telangana Movement.
The Telangana movement refers to a movement for the creation of a separate state, Telangana, from the pre-existing state of Andhra Pradesh in India. The new state corresponds to the Telugu-speaking portions of the erstwhile princely state of Hyderabad, which were merged with Andhra Pradesh in 1956, leading to the Mulki Agitations.
Veeramalla Prakash Rao, known as Telangana Prakash, is a Advocate, writer and the co-founder of Telangana Rashtra Samithi, a Regional Party in India.
Srikrishna Committee on Telangana or the Committee for Consultations on the Situation in Andhra Pradesh (CCSAP) is a committee headed by former chief justice B. N. Srikrishna to look into the demand for separate statehood for Telangana or keep the State united in the present form, Andhra Pradesh. The committee was constituted by the Government of India on 3 February 2010 and submitted its report on 30 December 2010 to the Ministry of Home Affairs.
Samaikya Andhra Movement was a movement organized to keep the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh united, and to prevent the division of the state - separating the Telangana districts of the state into a separate Telangana state. The movement was supported by government employees, advocates in Coastal Andhra & Rayalaseema regions along with students from 14 universities, various occupational, caste & religious groups of Coastal Andhra & Rayalaseema regions. The last set of protests were triggered after the Congress Working Committee decision to divide the state came to an end after President of India gave nod to Telangana Bill which would make the latter to come into existence from 2 June 2014.
Duddilla Sridhar Babu is an Indian politician from Indian National Congress and is a member of the Telangana Assembly. He was a member of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, representing the Indian National Congress. He was the Minister for Civil Supplies, Consumer Affairs, Legal Metrology and Legislative Affairs in the Government of Andhra Pradesh prior to that state being divided. He is now the MLA from Manthani Constituency, which he won in the 2018 Assembly Elections in Telangana. This is his fourth term as MLA. Sridhar Babu is one of the senior most leaders in the Telangana Congress Party.Sridhar Babu is an AICC All India Congress Committee Secretary attached to the AICC General Secretary, incharge of Karanataka as of July 2022.
1969 Telangana Agitation was a political movement for the statehood for Telangana region. The first person to raise the issue of Telangana happened in 1968 during October or November timeframe. A hunger strike was being carried on by a person named Ravindranath on 1969/January/08 in Khammam near the Railway Station. He was on an indefinite fast and his prime demand was to implement Telangana safeguards. One other demand was his insistence on implementation of the Gentleman's agreement. It is a major event in Telangana movement. In the indiscriminate police firing, 369 Telangana students were killed.
The history of the Telangana movement refers to the political and social conditions under which the Telangana region was merged with Andhra State to form the state of Andhra Pradesh and the subsequent demands to reverse the merger to form a new state of Telangana from united Andhra Pradesh.
The Telangana protests 2004-2010 refers to the movements and agitations related to the Telangana movement that took place between the years 2004 and 2010. For the 2004 Assembly and Parliament elections, the Congress party and the TRS had an electoral alliance in the Telangana region to consider the demand of separate Telangana State. However, again in 2006, the then Chief Minister Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy categorically said that the state would remain united. This again resulted in statewide protests. In 2009, Union Minister of Home Affairs P. Chidambaram announced that the Indian government would start the process of forming a separate Telangana state, pending the introduction and passage of a separation resolution in the Andhra Pradesh assembly after an 11-day fast by Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao. This again resulted in protests across both Andhra and Rayalseema as in a short time of the Home Minister's declaration, MLAs from the Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions submitted their resignations in protest.
The 2012 Telangana protests were a chain of protests which were part of the Telangana movement. The Bharatiya Janata Party, led by state-party president Kishan Reddy, began the 22-day Telangana "Poru Yatra" – a 3,500-kilometre (2,200 mi) journey through 986 villages and 88 assembly constituencies stressing the need for a stance on Telangana stance – on 19 January. Although the tour was successful in reiterating the party's pro-Telangana stance, it did not gain the hoped-for support because of the indifferent attitude of the Telangana Rashtra Samithi and Telangana Joint Action Committee. The TRS' failure to support Reddy's yatra has resulted in increasing differences between the parties. Two assembly by-elections were held that year, the first in March, and the second in June; the BJP won the first, and the YSR Congress Party the second. Protests resumed in August, when K. Chandrashekar Rao gave the centre a two-week deadline to declare statehood.
Jai Andhra movement is a 1972 political movement in support for the creation of Andhra state in the light of injustices felt by the people of the Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema Regions. This was after the HC and SC upheld the Mulki rules in existence at the time. This disenfranchised a vast majority of the population of the state from obtaining jobs in their own state capital. In ensuing protests and police firing eight people were killed. Prominent leaders from Andhra Pradesh: Tenneti Viswanadham, Raja Sagi Suryanarayana Raju, Gouthu Latchanna, Jupudi Yegnanarayana, N. Srinivasulu Reddy, B. V. Subba Reddy, Kakani Venkataratnam, Vasantha Nageswara Rao, M. Venkaiah Naidu, Nissankararao Ventakaratnam, prominent student leaders like K.Sreedhar Rao, Haribabu etc., from Andhra University, and many others participated in the agitation. It was a sequel to the 1969 Telangana movement. Over 400 people sacrificed their lives for the movement. One of the main opinions expressed was "Development is seen only in and around Hyderabad and it is time the coastal districts also develop rapidly".
V. Srinivas Goud is an Indian politician serving as the Minister of Prohibition & Excise, Sports & Youth services, Tourism & Culture and Archaeology of Telangana state. He represents Mahbubnagar constituency as an MLA in the Telangana Legislative Assembly from the Telangana Rashtra Samithi.
The Indian state of Telangana was founded in 2014. Its territory had formerly been part of Andhra Pradesh. The Telangana movement was instrumental in the creation of the new state, and Telangana Rashtra Samithi, a party which led the Telangana movement after 2001, forms the government in the Telangana Legislative Assembly under Chief Minister K. Chandrashekar Rao.
Nayini Narsimha Reddy was an Indian politician. He served as the first Home Minister of Telangana from 2014 to 2018. He also took charge of portfolios including Prisons, Fire Services, Sainik Welfare, Labour and Employment. He was the Member of Legislative Council (MLC) of Telangana. He was the Senior Labour Leader in Telangana. A senior leader of the Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS), Reddy fought alongside K. Chandrashekar Rao for the statehood of Telangana.
Kalvakuntla Taraka Rama Rao, popularly known by his initials KTR, is an Indian politician serving as the Minister for Municipal Administration & Urban Development, Industries & Commerce, and Information Technology of Telangana. A Member of Legislative Assembly for Sircilla, Rao is the working president of the Bharat Rashtra Samithi.
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