President of the Supreme Federal Court

Last updated
President of the Supreme Federal Court
Luis Roberto Barroso 2014.jpg
since 28 September 2023
Supreme Federal Court
Style Mr. President
(informal)
Your Excellency
(within court)
The Most Excellent Mr. President
(formal)
Status Chief justice
Member of Federal judiciary
National Council of Justice
Seat Supreme Federal Court Palace, Brasília, Federal District
NominatorMembers of the Supreme Court
Term length Two years
not renewable
Constituting instrument Constitution of Brazil
Formation8 January 1829;195 years ago (1829-01-08)
First holderJosé Albano Fragoso (Supreme Court of Justice)
Freitas Henriques (Supreme Federal Court)
Succession Fourth
Salary$39,293 BRL
Website stf.jus.br

The President of the Supreme Federal Court is the highest-ranking officer of the Brazilian judiciary branch. The holder is also president of the National Council of Justice (CNJ). [1] Among their responsibilities are representing both the Court and the council before other branches of government and authorities, presiding over plenary sessions of both institutions, enforcing the bylaws of the Court and Council, deciding points of order in their respective sessions, making decisions on injunctions during recess or vacation, and swearing in justices of the Supreme Court and councillors of the CNJ. [2] [3]

Contents

The President and Vice President of the Supreme Court are elected by the other justices in a secret ballot, with a minimum quorum of eight justices, in a two-round system for a two-year term, with re-election for a new term prohibited. [2] Usually, the justices vote for the most senior justice who has not yet served as president, and they vote for the second most senior justice in the same situation as vice president. The tradition, present during most of the country's republican history, is for the Vice President to be elected by their peers to assume the presidency after the end of their term. The self-governance and self-determination of the Supreme Federal Court regarding the choice of its president did not exist in two historical periods. During the monarchy, the Emperor of Brazil appointed the President of the Supreme Court of Justice for a renewable three-year term. [4] Under the Constitution of 1937, the President of Brazil appointed the President of the Court from among the justices of the current composition for an indefinite term. [5] [6]

The President of the Supreme Federal Court is fourth in the Brazilian presidential line of succession and can hold the office of President of the Federal Senate in exceptional situations. The longest presidency was held by Hermínio do Espírito Santo for 13 years and 312 days, while the shortest was held by Leoni Ramos for 23 days. [6] The Brazilian Presidents who appointed the most Presidents of the Supreme Court were Getúlio Vargas and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, with six appointments each. The current President is Justice Luís Roberto Barroso, who has held the position since 28 September 2023. [7]

Presidents of the Supreme Court of Justice (1829–1891)

No.PortraitJusticeTook officeLeft officeTime in officeAppointer
1
Jose Albano Fragoso.jpg
José Albano Fragoso
(1768–1843)
8 January 1829 (1829-01-08)5 January 1832 (1832-01-05)2 years, 362 days Pedro I
2
Visconde de Congonhas do Campo.jpg
Lucas Antônio Monteiro de Barros, Viscount of Congonhas do Campo
(1767–1851)
5 January 1832 (1832-01-05)3 March 1842 (1842-03-03)10 years, 57 days Permanent Triumviral Regency
3
Jose Bernardo de Figueiredo.png
José Bernardo de Figueiredo
(1769–1854)
26 April 1842 (1842-04-26)13 October 1849 (1849-10-13)7 years, 170 days Pedro II
4
Francisco de Paula Pereira Duarte.png
Francisco de Paula Pereira Duarte
(1784–1855)
17 October 1849 (1849-10-17)15 June 1855 (1855-06-15)5 years, 241 days Pedro II
5
Manoel Pinto Ribeiro Pereira de Sampaio.png
Manuel Pinto Ribeiro Pereira de Sampaio
(1780–1857)
15 February 1856 (1856-02-15)27 September 1857 (1857-09-27)1 year, 224 days Pedro II
6
Joaquim Jose Pinheiro de Vasconcelos.jpg
Joaquim José Pinheiro de Vasconcelos, Viscount of Monserrate
(1799–1879)
27 September 1857 (1857-09-27)5 February 1864 (1864-02-05)6 years, 131 days Pedro II
7
Joaquim Marcelino de Brito.png
Joaquim Marcelino de Brito
(1799–1879)
5 February 1864 (1864-02-05)27 January 1879 (1879-01-27)14 years, 356 days Pedro II
8
Joao Antonio de Vasconcellos.png
João Antônio de Vasconcelos
(1802–1880)
1 February 1879 (1879-02-01)21 November 1880 (1880-11-21)1 year, 294 days Pedro II
9
Albino Jose Barboza de Oliveira.png
Albino José Barbosa de Oliveira
(1809–1889)
27 November 1880 (1880-11-27)14 June 1882 (1882-06-14)1 year, 199 days Pedro II
10
Manoel de Jesus Valdetaro - Visconde de Valdetaro.png
Manuel de Jesus Valdetaro, Viscount of Valdetaro
(1807–1897)
14 June 1882 (1882-06-14)27 November 1886 (1886-11-27)4 years, 166 days Pedro II
11
Visconde de Sabara.jpg
João Evangelista de Negreiros, Viscount of Sabará
(1817–1894)
27 November 1886 (1886-11-27)26 February 1891 (1891-02-26)4 years, 91 days Pedro II

Presidents of the Supreme Federal Court (1891–present)

No.PortraitJusticeTook officeLeft officeTime in officeAppointer
1
Freitas Henrique.jpg
Freitas Henriques
(1822–1903)
28 February 1891 (1891-02-28)9 February 1894 (1894-02-09)2 years, 346 days Deodoro da Fonseca  (Ind)
2
Olegario Herculano.jpg
Aquino e Castro
(1828–1906)
28 February 1894 (1894-02-28)10 August 1906 (1906-08-10)12 years, 163 days Deodoro da Fonseca  (Ind)
3
Joaquim de Toledo Piza e Almeida.jpg
Piza e Almeida
(1842–1908)
18 August 1906 (1906-08-18)22 April 1908 (1908-04-22)1 year, 248 days Deodoro da Fonseca  (Ind)
4
Pindahiba de Mattos.jpg
Pindaíba de Matos
(1831–1913)
29 April 1908 (1908-04-29)26 December 1910 (1910-12-26)2 years, 241 days Floriano Peixoto  (Ind)
5
Herminio do Espirito Santo.jpg
Hermínio do Espírito Santo
(1842–1924)
4 January 1911 (1911-01-04)11 November 1924 (1924-11-11)13 years, 312 days Floriano Peixoto  (Ind)
6
Andre Cavalcanti.jpg
André Cavalcanti
(1834–1927)
14 November 1924 (1924-11-14)13 February 1927 (1927-02-13)2 years, 91 days Prudente de Morais  (PR Federal)
7
Ministro Godofredo Cunha.png
Godofredo Cunha
(1860–1936)
22 February 1927 (1927-02-22)17 February 1931 (1931-02-17)3 years, 360 days Nilo Peçanha  (PRF)
8
Leoni Ramos.jpg
Leoni Ramos
(1857–1931)
25 February 1931 (1931-02-25)20 March 1931 (1931-03-20)23 days Nilo Peçanha  (PRF)
9
Edmundo Lins.jpg
Edmundo Lins
(1863–1944)
1 April 1931 (1931-04-01)15 November 1937 (1937-11-15)6 years, 228 days Venceslau Brás  (PRM)
10
Bento de Faria.jpg
Bento de Faria
(1876–1959)
19 November 1937 (1937-11-19)18 November 1940 (1940-11-18)2 years, 365 days Artur Bernardes  (PRM)
11
Eduardo Espinola.jpg
Eduardo Espínola
(1875–1968)
20 November 1940 (1940-11-20)24 May 1945 (1945-05-24)4 years, 185 days Getúlio Vargas  (Ind)
12
Jose Linhares, presidente dos Estados Unidos do Brasil.tif
José Linhares
(1886–1957)
26 May 1945 (1945-05-26)31 January 1949 (1949-01-31)3 years, 250 days Getúlio Vargas  (Ind)
13
Laudo Ferreira de Camargo.jpg
Laudo de Camargo
(1881–1963)
31 January 1949 (1949-01-31)24 April 1951 (1951-04-24)2 years, 83 days Getúlio Vargas  (Ind)
14
Jose Linhares, presidente dos Estados Unidos do Brasil.tif
José Linhares
(1886–1957)
2 May 1951 (1951-05-02)30 January 1956 (1956-01-30)4 years, 273 days Getúlio Vargas  (Ind)
15
Orozimbo Nonato.jpg
Orozimbo Nonato
(1891–1974)
30 January 1956 (1956-01-30)26 January 1960 (1960-01-26)3 years, 361 days Getúlio Vargas  (Ind)
16
Frederico de Barros Barreto, Presidente STF.tif
Barros Barreto
(1895–1969)
29 January 1960 (1960-01-29)28 January 1962 (1962-01-28)1 year, 364 days Getúlio Vargas  (Ind)
17
Antonio Carlos Lafaiete de Andrada, Ministro do Supremo Tribunal.tif
Lafayette de Andrada
(1900–1974)
29 January 1962 (1962-01-29)10 December 1963 (1963-12-10)1 year, 315 days José Linhares  (Ind)
18
Ribeiro da Costa.jpg
Ribeiro da Costa
(1897–1967)
11 December 1963 (1963-12-11)4 December 1966 (1966-12-04)2 years, 358 days José Linhares  (Ind)
19
Luiz Gallotti.jpg
Luís Gallotti
(1904–1978)
14 December 1966 (1966-12-14)11 December 1968 (1968-12-11)1 year, 363 days Eurico Gaspar Dutra  (PSD)
20
Goncalves de Oliveira.jpg
Gonçalves de Oliveira
(1910–1992)
11 December 1968 (1968-12-11)18 January 1969 (1969-01-18)38 days Juscelino Kubitschek  (PSD)
Luiz Gallotti.jpg
Luís Gallotti
(1904–1978)
Acting
18 January 1969 (1969-01-18)10 February 1969 (1969-02-10)23 days Eurico Gaspar Dutra  (PSD)
21
Oswaldo Trigueiro de Albuquerque Melo, Procurador-geral da Republica..tif
Oswaldo Trigueiro
(1905–1989)
10 February 1969 (1969-02-10)10 February 1971 (1971-02-10)2 years, 0 days Castelo Branco  (ARENA)
22
Deputado (BA) Aliomar Baleeiro.tif
Aliomar Baleeiro
(1905–1978)
10 February 1971 (1971-02-10)9 February 1973 (1973-02-09)1 year, 365 days Castelo Branco  (ARENA)
23
Eloy da Rocha.jpg
Elói da Rocha
(1907–1999)
9 February 1973 (1973-02-09)14 February 1975 (1975-02-14)2 years, 5 days Castelo Branco  (ARENA)
24
Djalci Falcao.jpg
Djaci Falcão
(1919–2012)
14 February 1975 (1975-02-14)14 February 1977 (1977-02-14)2 years, 0 days Castelo Branco  (ARENA)
25
Thompson Flores.jpg
Thompson Flores
(1911–2001)
14 February 1977 (1977-02-14)14 February 1979 (1979-02-14)2 years, 0 days Costa e Silva  (ARENA)
26
Antonio Neder.jpg
Antônio Neder
(1911–2003)
14 February 1979 (1979-02-14)16 February 1981 (1981-02-16)2 years, 2 days Emílio Garrastazu Médici  (ARENA)
27
Xavier de Albuquerque.jpg
Xavier de Albuquerque
(1926–2015)
16 February 1981 (1981-02-16)21 February 1983 (1983-02-21)2 years, 5 days Emílio Garrastazu Médici  (ARENA)
28
Cordeiro Guerra.jpg
Cordeiro Guerra
(1916–1993)
21 February 1983 (1983-02-21)25 February 1985 (1985-02-25)2 years, 4 days Ernesto Geisel  (ARENA)
29
Moreira Alves.png
Moreira Alves
(1933–2023)
25 February 1985 (1985-02-25)2 March 1987 (1987-03-02)2 years, 5 days Ernesto Geisel  (ARENA)
30
LuisRafaelMayer.jpg
Rafael Mayer
(1919–2013)
2 March 1987 (1987-03-02)14 March 1989 (1989-03-14)2 years, 12 days Ernesto Geisel  (ARENA)
31
Jose Neri da Silveira, Ministro do Supremo Tribunal Federal..tif
Néri da Silveira
(born 1932)
14 March 1989 (1989-03-14)14 March 1991 (1991-03-14)2 years, 0 days João Figueiredo  (PDS)
32
Aldir Passarinho.jpg
Aldir Passarinho
(1921–2014)
14 March 1991 (1991-03-14)22 April 1991 (1991-04-22)39 days João Figueiredo  (PDS)
33
Sydney Sanches.jpg
Sydney Sanches
(born 1933)
10 May 1991 (1991-05-10)13 May 1993 (1993-05-13)2 years, 3 days João Figueiredo  (PDS)
34
Octavio Gallotti.jpg
Octavio Gallotti
(born 1930)
13 May 1993 (1993-05-13)17 May 1995 (1995-05-17)2 years, 4 days João Figueiredo  (PDS)
35
Sepulveda pertence.JPG
Sepúlveda Pertence
(1937–2023)
17 May 1995 (1995-05-17)20 May 1997 (1997-05-20)1 year, 307 days José Sarney  (MDB)
36
Celso de Mello em fevereiro de 2017.jpg
Celso de Mello
(born 1945)
22 May 1997 (1997-05-22)27 May 1999 (1999-05-27)2 years, 5 days José Sarney  (MDB)
37
Carlos mario velloso.jpg
Carlos Velloso
(born 1936)
27 May 1999 (1999-05-27)31 May 2001 (2001-05-31)2 years, 4 days Fernando Collor  (PRN)
38
Marco Aurelio Mello em setembro de 2017.jpg
Marco Aurélio Mello
(born 1946)
31 May 2001 (2001-05-31)5 June 2003 (2003-06-05)2 years, 5 days Fernando Collor  (PRN)
39
Mauricio Correa 2003.jpg
Maurício Corrêa
(1934–2012)
5 June 2003 (2003-06-05)8 August 2004 (2004-08-08)1 year, 64 days Itamar Franco  (MDB)
40
Presjobim.jpg
Nelson Jobim
(born 1946)
20 August 2004 (2004-08-20)29 March 2006 (2006-03-29)1 year, 221 days Fernando Henrique Cardoso  (PSDB)
41
Elleng6a.jpg
Ellen Gracie
(born 1948)
27 April 2006 (2006-04-27)23 April 2008 (2008-04-23)1 year, 362 days Fernando Henrique Cardoso  (PSDB)
42
Congressos. Seminarios. Palestras (30076771056).jpg
Gilmar Mendes
(born 1955)
23 April 2008 (2008-04-23)23 April 2010 (2010-04-23)0 days Fernando Henrique Cardoso  (PSDB)
43
Cezar Peluso.jpg
Cezar Peluso
(born 1942)
23 April 2010 (2010-04-23)19 April 2012 (2012-04-19)1 year, 362 days Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva  (PT)
44
Ayres Britto 2007.jpg
Ayres Britto
(born 1942)
19 April 2012 (2012-04-19)17 November 2012 (2012-11-17)212 days Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva  (PT)
45
Joaquim Barbosa-21-11-2012-edit.jpg
Joaquim Barbosa
(born 1954)
22 November 2012 (2012-11-22)31 July 2014 (2014-07-31)1 year, 251 days Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva  (PT)
46
Ricardo Lewandowski em novembro de 2016 (recorte).jpg
Ricardo Lewandowski
(born 1948)
10 September 2014 (2014-09-10)12 September 2016 (2016-09-12)2 years, 2 days Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva  (PT)
47
Carmen Lucia Encontro Tribunais Constitucionais da America Latina.jpg
Cármen Lúcia
(born 1954)
12 September 2016 (2016-09-12)13 September 2018 (2018-09-13)2 years, 1 day Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva  (PT)
48
Dias Toffoli em outubro de 2019.jpg
Dias Toffoli
(born 1967)
13 September 2018 (2018-09-13)10 September 2020 (2020-09-10)1 year, 363 days Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva  (PT)
49
I Jornada de Direito Processual Civil (cropped).jpg
Luiz Fux
(born 1953)
10 September 2020 (2020-09-10)12 September 2022 (2022-09-12)2 years, 2 days Dilma Rousseff  (PT)
50
Rosa Weber em outubro de 2019.jpg
Rosa Weber
(born 1948)
12 September 2022 (2022-09-12)28 September 2023 (2023-09-28)1 year, 16 days Dilma Rousseff  (PT)
51
Luis Roberto Barroso 2014.jpg
Luís Roberto Barroso
(born 1958)
28 September 2023 (2023-09-28)Incumbent1 year, 29 days Dilma Rousseff  (PT)

Timeline

Luís Roberto BarrosoRosa WeberLuiz FuxDias ToffoliCármen LúciaRicardo LewandowskiJoaquim BarbosaAyres BrittoCezar PelusoGilmar MendesEllen Gracie NorthfleetNelson JobimMarco Aurélio MelloJosé Celso de Mello FilhoMoreira AlvesJosé LinharesPresident of the Supreme Federal Court

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">President of Brazil</span> Head of state and government of Brazil

The president of Brazil, officially the president of the Federative Republic of Brazil or simply the President of the Republic, is the head of state and head of government of Brazil. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the Brazilian Armed Forces.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Supreme Federal Court</span> Supreme court of Brazil

The Federal Supreme Court is the supreme court of Brazil, serving primarily as the country's Constitutional Court. It is the highest court of law in Brazil for constitutional issues and its rulings cannot be appealed. On cases involving exclusively non-constitutional issues, regarding federal laws, the highest court is, by rule, the Superior Court of Justice.

Same-sex marriage has been legal in Brazil since 16 May 2013 in accordance with a decision from the National Justice Council, ordering notaries of every state to license and perform same-sex marriages. Brazil became the second country in South America to legalize same-sex marriage nationwide, after Argentina, and the twelfth worldwide to do so.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Palácio do Planalto</span> Workplace of the president of Brazil

The Palácio do Planalto in Brasília is the official workplace of the president of Brazil. The building was designed by Oscar Niemeyer in 1958 and inaugurated on 21 April 1960. It has been the workplace of every Brazilian president since Juscelino Kubitschek. It is located at the Praça dos Três Poderes, to the east of the National Congress of Brazil and across from the Supreme Federal Court.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Superior Electoral Court</span> Highest body of the Brazilian Electoral Justice

The Superior Electoral Court is the highest body of the Brazilian Electoral Justice, which also comprises one Regional Electoral Court in each of the 26 states and the Federal District of the country, as determined by the Article 118 of the Constitution of Brazil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Supreme Court of Justice (Portugal)</span> Highest court in Portugal

The Supreme Court of Justice is the highest court of law in Portugal without prejudice to the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Court.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Judiciary of Portugal</span> Overview of court system in Portugal

The judiciary of Portugal is a system of courts that together constitute one of the four organs of Sovereignty as defined by the Portuguese Constitution. The courts are independent from the other three Portuguese organs of Sovereignty.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Superior Court of Justice (Brazil)</span> Highest body of the Judiciary in Brazil

The Superior Court of Justice is the highest appellate court in Brazil for non-constitutional issues regarding federal law. The STJ also has original jurisdiction over some cases. Its jurisdiction is provided for in Article 105 of the Brazilian Constitution.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Regional Federal Courts</span>

The Regional Federal Courts are the courts of appeal in the Federal Courts of Brazil, the second instance courts of the Brazilian federal justice system, responsible not only for appeals of trial court decisions, but also for writs of security, habeas corpus, and habeas data against acts by federal judges, motions to set aside judgments, criminal revisions, and conflicts of jurisdiction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Council of Justice</span> Advisory judicial body in Brazil

The National Council of Justice (CNJ) is an administrative and oversight organ of the Brazilian Judiciary created by constitutional amendment in 2004 as a part of judicial reform. Among its responsibilities are ensuring that the judicial system remains autonomous, conducting disciplinary proceedings against members of the Judiciary, and compiling and publishing statistics on the Brazilian court system. The Council has nationwide jurisdiction over all courts except the Supreme Federal Court, but makes no rulings on cases and does not review judgements of other courts. Its fifteen members are chosen by the Supreme Federal Court for two-year terms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">President of the Federal Senate (Brazil)</span>

The president of the Federal Senate, sometimes referred to as the President of the Senate, is the presiding officer of the Federal Senate of Brazil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gilmar Mendes</span> Brazilian politician

Gilmar Ferreira Mendes is a Brazilian Justice of the Supremo Tribunal Federal, appointed by then President Fernando Henrique Cardoso in 2002. Mendes was the Chief Justice of the Court for the 2008–2010 term. Earlier, he had been the Attorney General from 2000 to 2002.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Judiciary of Brazil</span> Public entities designated by the Brazilian constitution

The Judiciary of Brazil is the group of public entities designated by the Brazilian constitution to carry out the country's judicial functions.

The Federal Government of Brazil is the national government of the Federative Republic of Brazil, a republic in South America divided into 26 states and a federal district. The Brazilian federal government is divided into three branches: the executive, which is headed by the President and the cabinet; the legislative, whose powers are vested by the Constitution in the National Congress; and the judiciary, whose powers are vested in nine organs, including the Supreme Federal Court and lower federal courts. The seat of the federal government is located in Brasília.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alexandre de Moraes</span> Brazilian jurist and politician (born 1968)

Alexandre de Moraes is a Brazilian jurist, ex-politician, former president of the Superior Electoral Court and currently justice of the Supreme Federal Court. Moraes was appointed to the Supreme Court by President Michel Temer in 2017 when serving as Minister of Justice and Public Security. Previously, Moraes had acted as Secretary for Public Security in the State of São Paulo and had been a member of the Brazilian Public Prosecutor's Office.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rosa Weber</span> Brazilian judge and former Minister of Supreme Court

Rosa Maria Pires Weber is a Brazilian magistrate, former justice and former president of the Supreme Federal Court, former president of the Superior Electoral Court and former justice of the Superior Labor Court.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Council of the Republic (Brazil)</span>

In Brazil, the Council of the Republic is the superior agency of consultation and counseling of the Presidency of the Republic, created to advise the president in crisis moments. Among the competences of the Council of the Republic are deliberate about subjects such as federal intervention, state of defence and state of exception.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brazilian criminal justice</span>

The Brazilian criminal justice system comes from the civil law of Western Europe, in particular Portuguese law, which derives from Roman law. The earliest legal documents in Brazil were land grants and charters dating to the early 16th century, which continued to be used until independence in 1822. Various basic principles of law are enshrined in the 1988 Constitution, such as the principle of legality and the principle of human dignity.

<i>ADPF 153</i> Landmark case of the Supreme Court of Brazil

ADPF 153 was a constitutional review case ruled by the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court, which the Order of Attorneys of Brazil (OAB) requested the acknowledgment of the inconstitutionality of the Amnesty Law. Ruled in April 2010, the Supreme Court considered the case unfounded in a voting of 7 to 2.

References

  1. "Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988, Artigo 103-B". Palácio do Planalto (in Brazilian Portuguese). 5 October 1988. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  2. 1 2 "Diário da Justiça" (PDF). Supremo Tribunal Federal (in Brazilian Portuguese) (205). 27 October 1980. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  3. "Presidência". Conselho Nacional de Justiça (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  4. "Lei de 18 de setembro de 1828". Palácio do Planalto (in Portuguese). 18 September 1828. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  5. "Decreto-Lei n° 2.770, de 11 de novembro de 1940". Câmara dos Deputados (in Brazilian Portuguese). 11 November 1940. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
  6. 1 2 Celso de Mello, José (2011). Notas sobre o Supremo Tribunal (Império e República) (PDF). Brasília: Supremo Tribunal Federal. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
  7. Boadle, Anthony; Gregorio, David (28 September 2023). "Brazil Supreme Court's new chief justice faces stormy ties with Congress". Reuters (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 29 September 2023.