Provisional Executive Committee | |
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![]() Government of Liechtenstein | |
![]() | |
Date formed | 7 November 1918 (de facto) 13 November 1918 (de jure) |
Date dissolved | 7 December 1918 |
People and organisations | |
Head of state | Johann II |
Head of government | Martin Ritter |
Total no. of members | 3 |
Member parties | VP FBP |
History | |
Predecessor | Leopold Freiherr von Imhof cabinet |
Successor | Prince Karl Aloys cabinet |
The Provisional Executive Committee (German : Provisorischer Vollzugsausschuss) was the governing body of Liechtenstein from 7 November to 7 December 1918. Established following the November 1918 Liechtenstein putsch, it was chaired by Martin Ritter.
In November 1918 Landtag members Wilhelm Beck, Martin Ritter and Fritz Walser, who were deeply dissatisfied with Governor of Liechtenstein Leopold Freiherr von Imhof's handling of the economy and who wanted a Liechtensteiner head of state, plotted to overthrow him. [1] [2] In the Landtag on 7 November 1918 they proposed a motion of no confidence against him. Imhof asked for a vote of confidence and at the same time agreed to submit his resignation. While the Landtag unanimously expressed its confidence in him it was decided, against the constitution and the princely appointed Landtag members, to transfer the power of governor to a provisional executive committee led by Martin Ritter. [3]
The committee was accepted "in grace" by Johann II on 13 November and he accepted Imhof's resignation. He remained in Vienna throughout the committee's duration but did not make any efforts to act against it, primarily due to its popularity within the country. The committee did not intend to break with the monarchy, its proclamation itself ended with the phrase "May the prince and the country live long." [4] It was agreed to last one month when a replacement cabinet could be found. [3] On 7 December 1918 it was dissolved and succeeded by the Prince Karl Aloys cabinet. [5]
Within the general population of Liechtenstein the coup was popular, as Imhof was largely seen as the reason for the country's economic crisis. However, in the Landtag it was far more controversial. [6] Martin Ritter in particular was a controversial figure in the government, due to him being the first Liechtensteiner head of state and the unconstitutional means in which he came into power, despite only serving for one month. [7] In response to the coup, all three members of the Landtag appointed by Johann II resigned in protest. [6]
Picture | Name | Term | Party | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Chairman | ||||
![]() | Martin Ritter | 7 November 1918 – 7 December 1918 | Christian-Social People's Party | |
Members | ||||
![]() | Wilhelm Beck | 7 November 1918 – 7 December 1918 | Christian-Social People's Party | |
![]() | Franz Joseph Marxer | 12 November 1918 – 7 December 1918 | Progressive Citizens' Party |
Political identity came to the territory now occupied by the Principality of Liechtenstein in 814, with the formation of the subcountry of Lower Rhætia. Liechtenstein's borders have remained unchanged since 1434, when the Rhine established the border between the Holy Roman Empire and the Swiss cantons.
The Constitution of the Principality of Liechtenstein was promulgated on 5 October 1921, replacing the 1862 constitution.
Josef Ospelt was a political figure from Liechtenstein who served as the first Prime Minister of Liechtenstein from 1921 to 1922.
Prince Karl Aloys von Liechtenstein was Imperial and Royal Cavalry Master in Austria-Hungary until 1918 and then the Governor of Liechtenstein from 1918 to 1920.
The Christian-Social People's Party, often shortened to People's Party, was a social liberal political party in Liechtenstein. Founded in 1918, the Christian-Social People's Party and the Progressive Citizens' Party (FBP) were the first political parties in Liechtenstein.
Wilhelm Beck was an advocate and political figure from Liechtenstein who was one of the founders of the Christian-Social People's Party and served as the President of the Landtag of Liechtenstein from 1922 to 1927.
Leopold Freiherr von Imhof was an Austrian civil servant who served as the Governor of Liechtenstein from 1914 to 1918.
Prince Eduard of Liechtenstein was the son of Prince Alois of Liechtenstein and Countess Anna of Degenfeld-Schonburg. He was a civil servant in Austria and a prominent diplomat in Liechtenstein.
Emil Batliner was an entrepreneur and political figure from Liechtenstein who served in the Landtag of Liechtenstein.
The November 1918 Liechtenstein putsch, also known as the Beck putsch was a de facto coup d'état by the leaders of the Christian-Social People's Party against the government of Governor of Liechtenstein, Leopold Freiherr von Imhof. The coup forced Imhof's government to resign and established a Provisional Executive Committee in his place until 7 December.
Fritz Walser was a political figure from Liechtenstein who served as President of the Landtag of Liechtenstein from 1919 to 1921.
Liechtensteiner Nachrichten, known as the Oberrheinische Nachrichten until 1924 was a weekly newspaper in Liechtenstein from 1914 to 1936. It was the official newspaper of the Christian-Social People's Party.
Albert Schädler was a physician, historian and politician from Liechtenstein who served as the President of the Landtag of Liechtenstein 1882 to 1885 and again from 1890 to 1918. A member of the prominent 19th-century Schädler family, he was well regarded as a physician and politician, and influenced the country's politics for decades.
Josef Karl Severin Schädler was a physician and political figure from Liechtenstein who served as the first President of the Landtag of Liechtenstein from 1862 to 1870.
The Josef Ospelt cabinet was the governing body of Liechtenstein from 23 March 1921 to 27 April 1922. It was appointed by Johann II and was chaired by Josef Ospelt.
Martin Ritter was an advocate and political figure from Liechtenstein who served as the Chairman of the Provisional Executive Committee in 1918.
Anton Kirchthaler Walser was an industrialist and political figure from Liechtenstein who served in the Landtag of Liechtenstein. He was convicted of embezzlement in 1929.
Karl Freiherr Haus von Hausen was an Austrian noble and civil servant who served as the Governor of Liechtenstein from 1861 to 1884. Hausen was born into an Austrian noble family of Franconian origins, which was amalgamated under the title 'von Hausen' by Francis II in 1797.
The military history of Liechtenstein originates back to its predecessors in the County of Vaduz and Lordship of Schellenberg. Liechtenstein disbanded its army in 1868, and has had no standing army since. However, under the constitution of Liechtenstein citizens are still obligated to defend the country in the event of an external threat, and the army may be reformed if deemed necessary.
Rupert Quaderer was a politician and journalist from Liechtenstein.
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