Third Josef Hoop cabinet | |
---|---|
Government of Liechtenstein | |
Date formed | 30 March 1938 |
Date dissolved | 9 November 1944 |
People and organisations | |
Head of state | Franz Joseph II |
Head of government | Josef Hoop |
Deputy head of government | Alois Vogt |
Total no. of members | 5 |
Member parties | FBP VU |
History | |
Election(s) | 1939 |
Predecessor | Second Josef Hoop cabinet |
Successor | Fourth Josef Hoop cabinet |
| ||
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Prime Minister of Liechtenstein 1928–1945 | ||
The third Josef Hoop cabinet was the governing body of Liechtenstein from 30 March 1938 to 9 November 1944. It was appointed by Franz Joseph II and chaired by Josef Hoop.
Following the Anschluss of Austria in March 1938 Franz I named his nephew Franz Joseph his regent. [1] The Progressive Citizens' Party and Patriotic Union formed a coalition government formed to prevent government deadlock and help retain Liechtenstein's neutrality overseen by Franz Joseph II. [2] [3] [4] As a result, the Second Josef Hoop cabinet was succeeded with Josef Hoop continuing as Prime Minister of Liechtenstein. [5]
Starting from 1938, the cabinet was faced with the challenge of Swiss pressure to transfer the Ellhorn mountain to Switzerland. Though Hoop was supportive of the transfer he argued that the country should be fairly compensated for the loss of territory, such as the transfer of Swiss land elsewhere or greater banking cooperation between the two countries. The proposition faced resistance from the residents in Balzers, and was not approved by Franz Joseph II. [6] [7] Also facing unofficial objections from Nazi Germany, Hoop was forced to end the negotiations with Switzerland. [8]
Though there was the 1939 Liechtenstein general election it was not made public due to the country being under threat from Nazi Germany. It became known as the "silent election" as no voting actually took place. [9] Instead, the Progressive Citizen's Party and Patriotic Union used to it assign roughly an equal number of seats to each other in order to prevent the German National Movement in Liechtenstein (VBDL) from gaining any seats in the Landtag of Liechtenstein. [10] As a result, the Hoop cabinet was now made out of several members of both parties. [5] The government was placed under threat when the VBDL attempted a coup in March 1939, first trying to provoke a intervention from Nazi Germany by burning swastikas, followed by declaring Liechtenstein's annexation into Germany. The leaders were almost immediately arrested and the hoped-for German invasion failed to materialise. [11] [12]
During World War II, Liechtenstein remained neutral. [13] Hoop's government considered non-binding, non-provocative diplomacy to be appropriate towards Nazi Germany, supplemented by courtesy gestures. In 1940, during a lecture in Stuttgart, Hoop showed respect for the German armies. [14] At the same time, the country tied itself as closely as possible to Switzerland during the war in hopes of retaining the country's neutrality. [15] It achieved the de-facto inclusion of Liechtenstein in the Swiss national supply. [14]
At the request of Franz Joseph II on 9 November 1944, the cabinet was dissolved and succeeded by the Fourth Josef Hoop cabinet. [5]
Picture | Name | Term | Party | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prime Minister | |||||
Josef Hoop | 30 March 1938 – 9 November 1944 | Progressive Citizens' Party | |||
Deputy Prime Minister | |||||
Alois Vogt | 30 March 1938 – 9 November 1944 | Patriotic Union | |||
Government councillors | |||||
Anton Frommelt | 30 March 1938 – 9 November 1944 | Progressive Citizens' Party | |||
Arnold Hoop | 30 March 1938 – 1940 | Patriotic Union | |||
Johann Georg Hasler | 13 August 1941 – 9 November 1944 | Patriotic Union |
Political identity came to the territory now occupied by the Principality of Liechtenstein in 814, with the formation of the subcountry of Lower Rhætia. Liechtenstein's borders have remained unchanged since 1434, when the Rhine established the border between the Holy Roman Empire and the Swiss cantons.
The German National Movement in Liechtenstein was a Nazi party in Liechtenstein that existed between 1938 and 1945.
Alexander Frick was a political figure from Liechtenstein who served as Prime Minister of Liechtenstein from 1945 to 1962.
Gustav Schädler was a teacher and politician from Liechtenstein who served as Prime Minister of Liechtenstein from 1922 to 1928.
Franz Josef Hoop was a diplomat and political figure from Liechtenstein who served as Prime Minister of Liechtenstein from 1928 to 1945.
Alfons Goop was a Liechtensteiner politician during World War II. He was the leader of the German National Movement in Liechtenstein from 1940 to 1943, a Nazi Party that aimed to unify with Nazi Germany.
Alois Ritter was a lawyer and political figure from Liechtenstein who was one of the founders of the Patriotic Union party and served as the President of the Landtag of Liechtenstein in 1954 and again in 1956.
Alois Vogt was an advocate and political figure from Liechtenstein who served as the Deputy Prime Minister of Liechtenstein from 1938 to 1945.
Anton Frommelt was a pastor and political figure from Liechtenstein who served as the Deputy Prime Minister of Liechtenstein from 1933 to 1938.
Peter Büchel was a civil servant from Liechtenstein who served in the Landtag of Liechtenstein.
The first Josef Hoop cabinet was the governing body of Liechtenstein from 6 August 1928 to 28 February 1936. It was appointed by Johann II and continued by his successor Franz I. It was chaired by Josef Hoop.
The second Josef Hoop cabinet was the governing body of Liechtenstein from 28 February 1936 to 30 March 1938. It was appointed by Franz I and chaired by Josef Hoop.
The GustavSchädler cabinet was the governing body of Liechtenstein from 10 June 1922 to 15 June 1928. It was appointed by Johann II and was chaired by Gustav Schädler.
Emil Batliner was an entrepreneur and political figure from Liechtenstein who served in the Landtag of Liechtenstein.
The 1939 Liechtenstein putsch, also known as the Annexation putsch was an unsuccessful coup d'état by the German National Movement in Liechtenstein designed to provoke Liechtenstein's annexation by Nazi Germany.
Rupert Ritter was an advocate from Liechtenstein who served as secretary of the Princely Cabinet Chancellery from 1939 to 1945.
Theodor Schädler was a politician from Liechtenstein. He was the leader of the German National Movement in Liechtenstein from 1938 to 1939, a Nazi Party that aimed to unify with Nazi Germany.
The first Alexander Frick cabinet was the governing body of Liechtenstein from 3 September 1945 to 8 March 1951. It was appointed by Franz Joseph II and chaired by Alexander Frick.
The 1928 Liechtenstein embezzlement scandal was a scandal involving leading members of the Christian-Social People's Party where it was revealed that they had embezzled funds from the National Bank of Liechtenstein for various speculative transactions. The scandal forced the government of Gustav Schädler to resign and early elections to be called.
Ellhorn is a mountain in Switzerland on the Rätikon mountain range on the Central Eastern Alps, located on the border with Liechtenstein. It has an elevation 758 metres (2,487 ft) above sea level.