| Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans | |
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| Species: | P. xylanivorans |
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| Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans Kopecný et al. 2003 | |
Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans is a species of butyrate-producing bacteria from the rumen. It is Gram-negative, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, curved rod-shaped and motile by means of a single polar or subpolar flagellum. Its type strain is Mz 5T (=DSM 14809T =ATCC BAA-455T). [1] xylanivorans means xylan-digesting. [1]
The rumen, also known as a paunch, is the largest stomach compartment in ruminants and the larger part of the reticulorumen, which is the first chamber in the alimentary canal of ruminant animals. The rumen's microbial favoring environment allows it to serve as the primary site for microbial fermentation of ingested feed. The smaller part of the reticulorumen is the reticulum, which is fully continuous with the rumen, but differs from it with regard to the texture of its lining.
In biology, syntrophy, synthrophy, or cross-feeding is the phenomenon of one species living off the metabolic products of another species. In this type of biological interaction, the growth of one partner depends on the nutrients, growth factors, or substrates provided by the other partner. Jan Dolfing describes syntrophy as "the critical interdependency between producer and consumer". This term for nutritional interdependence is often used in microbiology to describe this symbiotic relationship between bacterial species. Morris et al. have described the process as "obligately mutualistic metabolism".
Amycolatopsis is a genus of high GC-content bacteria within the family Pseudonocardiaceae. The genus is known for producing many types of antibiotics, including
Butyrivibrio is a genus of bacteria in Class Clostridia. Bacteria of this genus are common in the gastrointestinal systems of many animals. Genus Butyrivibrio was first described by Bryant and Small (1956) as anaerobic, butyric acid-producing, curved rods. Butyrivibrio cells are small, typically 0.4 – 0.6 µm by 2 – 5 µm. They are motile, using a single polar or subpolar monotrichous flagellum. They are commonly found singly or in short chains but it is not unusual for them to form long chains. Despite historically being described as Gram-negative, their cell walls contain derivatives of teichoic acid, and electron microscopy indicates that bacteria of this genus have a Gram-positive cell wall type. It is thought that they appear Gram-negative when Gram stained because their cell walls thin to 12 to 18 nm as they reach stationary phase.
Acetitomaculum is a genus in the phylum Bacillota (Bacteria). The single species is an acetogenic bacteria from the bovine rumen.
Streptomyces thermocarboxydus is a streptomycete bacterium species. It is moderately thermophilic and carboxydotrophic, with type strain AT37.
Pectobacterium wasabiae is a plant pathogenic bacterium that was first reported to cause disease on wasabi plants. A closely related species, yet to be formally named, also causes disease on potato. Unlike most Pectobacterium, P. wasabiae strains lack a type III secretion system. Its type strain is CFBP 3304T(=LMG 8404T =NCPPB 3701T =ICMP 9121T).
Roseburia intestinalis is a saccharolytic, butyrate-producing bacterium first isolated from human faeces. It is anaerobic, gram-positive, non-sporeforming, slightly curved rod-shaped and motile by means of multiple subterminal flagella. L1-82T is the type strain.
Roseburia inulinivorans is a bacterium first isolated from human faeces. It is anaerobic, Gram-negative or Gram-variable, slightly curved rod-shaped and motile. The cells range in size from 0.5-1.5 to 5.0 micrometres. A2-194(T) is the type strain.
Roseburia hominis is a bacterium first isolated from human feces. It is anaerobic, Gram-negative or Gram-variable, slightly curved rod-shaped and motile. The cells range in size from 0.5-1.5 to 5.0 μm. A2-183(T) is the type strain.
Thermotoga petrophila is a hyperthermophilic, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped fermentative heterotroph, with type strain RKU-1T.
Clostridium aminophilum is a species of gram-positive ammonia-producing ruminal bacteria, with type strain FT.
Bifidobacterium ruminantium is a bacterium found in bovine rumens.
Butyrivibrio hungatei is a species of Gram-negative, anaerobic, non-spore-forming, butyrate-producing bacteria. It is curved rod-shaped and motile by means of single polar or subpolar flagellum and is common in the rumen. Its type strain is JK 615T.
Nocardiopsis exhalans is a species of bacteria. It produces methanol-soluble toxins that paralyse the motility of boar spermatozoa. Its type strain is ES10.1T.
Nocardiopsis umidischolae is a species of bacteria. It produces methanol-soluble toxins that paralyse the motility of boar spermatozoa. Its type strain is 66/93T.
Acetitomaculum ruminis is a Gram-positive bacterium species from the genus of Acetitomaculum which has been isolated from the rumen of a bovine in the United States. Acetitomaculum ruminis utilize formate, glucose and CO2.
Pseudobutyrivibrio is a Gram-negative, anaerobic and non-spore-forming bacterial genus from the family of Lachnospiraceae.
Anaerostipes caccae is a Gram-variable, anaerobic saccharolytic, rod-shaped butyrate-producing and acetate and lactate-utilising bacterium from the genus of Anaerostipes which has been isolated from human faeces.
Methanogens are a group of microorganisms that can produce methane as a byproduct of their metabolism. They hold an important place in the digestive system of ruminants. The digestive tract of ruminants contain four major parts, they are abomasum, rumen, omasum and reticulum. The food with saliva is first passed to the rumen for breaking them into smaller particles and then it moves to the reticulum where the food is broken into further smaller particles and the indigestible particles are sent back for rechewing and then to rumen. The majority of the anaerobic microbes assisting the cellulose breakdown occupy the rumen. They initiate the fermentation process. The animal absorbs the fatty acids, vitamins and nutrient content on passing the partially digested food from rumen to omasum which, decreases the pH level and thus initiates the release of enzymes for further break down the food which is later passed to the abomasum that absorbs remaining nutrients before excretion. This process takes about 9–12 hours.
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