| Psychrobacter faecalis | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Gammaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Pseudomonadales |
| Family: | Moraxellaceae |
| Genus: | Psychrobacter |
| Species: | P. faecalis |
| Binomial name | |
| Psychrobacter faecalis Kämpfer et al. 2002 [1] | |
| Type strain | |
| CCUG 48039 CIP 107288 | |
Psychrobacter faecalis is an aerobic, Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, catalase-positive, non-spore forming bacillus initially isolated from a bioaerosol originating from pigeon faeces [2] .
P. faecalis is an aerobic bacterium formed of Gram negative rods, measuring 0.8-1.2 x 1.0-2.0 μm, which grow in circular, opaque colonies on nutrient agar. It is oxidase-positive, catalase-positive and indole-negative. This organism shows psychrotrophic tendencies and replicates in temperatures ranging from 4 °C to 36 °C, and possesses chemoheterotrophic metabolism.
P. faecalis was discovered in 2002, while performing a study analysing the exposure of workers to bioaerosols in a room contaminated with pigeon faeces. An isolate was found that grew on MacConkey agar, but could not be clearly identified as a member of the Enterobacteriaceae. 16S rRNA sequencing identified significant sequence similarities (93.9 - 96.9%) between this new isolate and other members of the Psychrobacter genus, but below 97%, indicating the presence of a novel species [2] .
Parvularcula bermudensis is a marine bacterium which was identified in 2003 in the western Sargasso Sea in the Atlantic Ocean. It forms a deep branch in the Alphaproteobacteria, distinct from the other orders.
Alcaligenes faecalis is a species of Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria commonly found in the environment. It was originally named for its first discovery in feces, but was later found to be common in soil, water, and environments in association with humans. While opportunistic infections do occur, the bacterium is generally considered nonpathogenic. When an opportunistic infection does occur, it is usually observed in the form of a urinary tract infection.
Achromobacter denitrificans is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, strictly aerobic, ubiquitous, motile bacterium with peritrichous flagella from the genus Achromobacter which was isolated from soil and can cause human infections.
Aeromonas simiae is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive motile bacterium of the genus Aeromonas, with a polar flagellum, isolated from the faeces of a healthy monkey.
Acinetobacter soli is a Gram-negative, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, strictly aerobic rod-shaped, nonmotile bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter isolated from forest soil at Mt. Baekwoon in the Republic of Korea. . Acinetobacter soli can cause bloodstream infection in neonates.
Psychrobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, osmotolerant, oxidase-positive, psychrophilic or psychrotolerant, aerobic bacteria which belong to the family Moraxellaceae and the class Gammaproteobacteria. The shape is typically cocci or coccobacilli. Some of those bacteria were isolated from humans and can cause humans infections such as endocarditis and peritonitis. This genus of bacteria is able to grow at temperatures between −10 and 42 °C. Rudi Rossau found through DNA-rRNA hybridization analysis that Psychrobacter belongs to the Moraxellaceae. The first species was described by Juni and Heym. Psychrobacter occur in wide range of moist, cold saline habitats, but they also occur in warm and slightly saline habitats.
Psychrobacter fulvigenes is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from the Sea of Japan.
Psychrobacter immobilis is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, psychrotrophic, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter which was isolated from cheese, fish, and processed meat and poultry products.
Psychrobacter lutiphocae is a Gram-negative, aerobic oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-spore-forming, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from the faeces of a seal in Schleswig-Holstein in Germany.
Psychrobacter marincola is a Gram-negative, psychrophilic, moderately halophilic, aerobic oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-pigmented non-spore-forming, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from the Indian Ocean.
Psychrobacter maritimus is a Gram-negative, aerobic oxidase- and catalase-positive, nonpigmented, non-spore-forming, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from coastal sea ice and sediments of the Sea of Japan and in Russia.
Psychrobacter nivimaris is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, aerobic, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from the Southern Ocean.
Psychrobacter okhotskensis is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, facultatively psychrophilic, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from seawater of the Monbetsu coast of the Okhotsk Sea in Hokkaido in Japan.
Psychrobacter pacificensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, catalase- and oxidase-positive, psychrophilic, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from 6000-m-deep seawater of the Japan Trench on the Hachijo Island in Japan.
Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from human blood in Belgium. Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus can cause humans infections such as endocarditis, peritonitis, and fungating lesion of the foot, but those infections caused by this bacterium are rare.
Psychrobacter piscatorii is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, psychrotolerant, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from a fish-processing plant. The temperature where Psychrobacter piscatorii was isolated was about 8 °C.
Psychrobacter pulmonis is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, strictly aerobic, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from the lungs of lambs in Zaragoza in Spain. It is coccus-shaped; the type strain is S-606T.
Psychrobacter submarinus is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, psychrophilic, halophilic nonmotile aerobic bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from seawater at a depth of 300 m from the Pacific Ocean.
Paraperlucidibaca wandonensis is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, catalase-negative, oxidase-positive, rod-shaped, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Paraperlucidibaca.
Dokdonia is a genus of bacteria in the family Flavobacteriaceae and phylum Bacteroidota.
Deschaght P, Jenssens M, Vaneechoutte M, Wauters G (2012) Psychrobacter isolates of human origin, other than Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus, are predominantly Psychrobacter faecalis and Psychrobacter pulmonis, with embedded description of P. faecalis. International Journal of Systemic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62: 671-674
Gori K, Ryssel M, Arneborg N, Jespersen L (2012) Isolation and identification of the microbiota of Danish farmhouse and industrially produced surface-ripened cheeses. Microbial Ecology 65: 602-615
Reina J C, Manuel R, Salto R, Camara M, Llamas I (2021) AhaP, A quorum quenching acylase from Psychrobacter sp. M9-54-1 that attenuates Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio coralliilyticus virulence. Marine Drugs. 19
Thanh P N, Hong V D, Ngoc D C, The V B (2021) Cellulose degrading ability of bacterial strains isolated from gut of termites in Vinhlong province- Vietnam. Chemical Engineering Transactions. Volume 88