Psychrobacter

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Psychrobacter
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Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Pseudomonadota
Class: Gammaproteobacteria
Order: Pseudomonadales
Family: Moraxellaceae
Genus: Psychrobacter
Juni and Heym 1986 [1]
Type species
Psychrobacter immobilis
Species

See text.

Psychrobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, osmotolerant, oxidase-positive, psychrophilic or psychrotolerant, aerobic bacteria which belong to the family Moraxellaceae and the class Gammaproteobacteria. [1] [2] [3] [4] The shape is typically cocci or coccobacilli. [5] Some of those bacteria were isolated from humans and can cause humans infections such as endocarditis and peritonitis. [6] [7] This genus of bacteria is able to grow at temperatures between −10 and 42 °C. [8] Rudi Rossau found through DNA-rRNA hybridization analysis that Psychrobacter belongs to the Moraxellaceae. [9] The first species ( Psychrobacter immobilis ) was described by Juni and Heym. [10] Psychrobacter occur in wide range of moist, cold saline habitats, [8] [11] but they also occur in warm and slightly saline habitats. [4] [12]

Hypoacylated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Psychrobacter cryohalolentis and Psychrobacter arcticus induces moderate TLR4-mediated inflammatory response in macrophages and such LPS bioactivity may potentially result in the failure of local and systemic bacterial clearance in patients. [13]

Species include: [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gammaproteobacteria</span> Class of bacteria

Gammaproteobacteria is a class of bacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota. It contains about 250 genera, which makes it the most genera-rich taxon of the Prokaryotes. Several medically, ecologically, and scientifically important groups of bacteria belong to this class. It is composed by all Gram-negative microbes and is the most phylogenetically and physiologically diverse class of Proteobacteria.

<i>Methanohalophilus</i> Genus of archaea

In taxonomy, Methanohalophilus is a genus of the Methanosarcinaceae.

In taxonomy, Methanosalsum is a genus of microbes within the family Methanosarcinaceae. This genus contains two species.

Psychrobacter cryohalolentis is a Gram-negative, nonmotile species of bacteria. It was first isolated from Siberian permafrost. Its type strain is K5T.

Psychrobacter arcticus is a Gram-negative, nonmotile species of bacteria first isolated from Siberian permafrost. Its type strain is 273-4T.

Psychrobacter aquaticus is a Gram-negative, psychrophilic, halotolerant, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter which was isolated from the McMurdo Dry Valley region of Antarctica.

Psychrobacter fozii is a psychrophilic, oxidase-positive, halotolerant, Gram-negative, nonmotile coccobacillus with a strictly oxidative metabolism, first isolated from Antarctic environments. Its type strain is NF23T.

Psychrobacter immobilis is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, psychrotrophic, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter which was isolated from cheese, fish, and processed meat and poultry products.

Psychrobacter luti is a species of bacterium first isolated from Antarctic environments. It is a psychrophilic, oxidase-positive, halotolerant, Gram-negative, nonmotile coccobacillus with a strictly oxidative metabolism. Its type strain is NF11T.

Psychrobacter marincola is a Gram-negative, psychrophilic, moderately halophilic, aerobic oxidase- and catalase-positive, non-pigmented non-spore-forming, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from the Indian Ocean.

Psychrobacter pacificensis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, catalase- and oxidase-positive, psychrophilic, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from 6000-m-deep seawater of the Japan Trench on the Hachijo Island in Japan.

Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, nonmotile bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from human blood in Belgium. Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus can cause humans infections such as endocarditis, peritonitis, and fungating lesion of the foot, but those infections caused by this bacterium are rare.

Psychrobacter submarinus is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, psychrophilic, halophilic nonmotile aerobic bacterium of the genus Psychrobacter, which was isolated from seawater at a depth of 300 m from the Pacific Ocean.

Virgibacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped (bacillus) bacteria and a member of the phylum Bacillota. Virgibacillus species can be obligate aerobes, or facultative anaerobes and catalase enzyme positive. Under stressful environmental conditions, the bacteria can produce oval or ellipsoidal endospores in terminal, or sometimes subterminal, swollen sporangia. The genus was recently reclassified from the genus Bacillus in 1998 following an analysis of the species V. pantothenticus. Subsequently, a number of new species have been discovered or reclassified as Virgibacillus species.

Desulfofaba is a Gram-negative, anaerobic, non-spore-forming and motile bacteria genus from the family of Desulfobacteraceae.

Salimicrobium is a genus of bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae.

Pseudophaeobacter arcticus is a psychrophilic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped and motile bacteria from the genus of Pseudophaeobacter which has been isolated from the Arctic.

Glaciibacter is a psychrophilic genus of bacteria from the family of Microbacteriaceae. The type species, Glaciibacter superstes, has been isolated from ice from the Fox permafrost tunnel from Alaska.

Nevskia is a Gram negative, strictly aerobic and motile genus of bacteria from the family Xanthomonadaceae.

Modicisalibacter is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, moderately halophilic and motile genus from the family of Halomonadaceae, with one known species.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Parte, A.C. "Psychrobacter". LPSN .
  2. ↑ Maruyama, A.; Honda, D.; Yamamoto, H.; Kitamura, K.; Higashihara, T. (2000). "Phylogenetic analysis of psychrophilic bacteria isolated from the Japan Trench, including a description of the deep-sea species Psychrobacter pacificensis sp. nov". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 50 (2): 835–46. doi: 10.1099/00207713-50-2-835 . PMID   10758895.
  3. ↑ Bozal, N. (2003). "Characterization of several Psychrobacter strains isolated from Antarctic environments and description of Psychrobacter luti sp. nov. And Psychrobacter fozii sp. nov". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 53 (4): 1093–1100. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02457-0. PMID   12892132.
  4. 1 2 Bowman, J. P. (2006). "The Genus Psychrobacter". The Prokaryotes. pp. 920–930. doi:10.1007/0-387-30746-X_35. ISBN   978-0-387-25496-8.
  5. ↑ Psychrobacter immobilis isolated from foods: characteristics and identification Vet. Med. - Czech, 46, 2001 (4):95-100
  6. ↑ Elmer W. Koneman (11 January 2005). Koneman's Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology (6 ed.). Lippencott Williams & Wil. ISBN   0781730147.
  7. ↑ ATCC
  8. 1 2 Kim, S. J.; Shin, S. C.; Hong, S. G.; Lee, Y. M.; Choi, I. -G.; Park, H. (2012). "Genome Sequence of a Novel Member of the Genus Psychrobacter Isolated from Antarctic Soil". Journal of Bacteriology. 194 (9): 2403. doi:10.1128/JB.00234-12. PMC   3347060 . PMID   22493207.
  9. ↑ Romanenko, L. A. (2002). "Psychrobacter submarinus sp. nov. And Psychrobacter marincola sp. nov., psychrophilic halophiles from marine environments". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 52 (4): 1291–1297. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02087-0. PMID   12148642.
  10. ↑ Juni, E.; Heym, G. A. (1986). "Psychrobacter immobilis gen. nov., sp. nov.: Genospecies Composed of Gram-Negative, Aerobic, Oxidase-Positive Coccobacilli". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 36 (3): 388. doi: 10.1099/00207713-36-3-388 .
  11. ↑ Martin Dworkin; Stanley Falkow; Eugene Rosenberg; Karl-Heinz Schleifer; Erko Stackebrandt (2006-09-28). The Prokaryotes: Proteobacteria: Gamma Subclass: A Handbook on the Biology of Bacteria Vol. 6 (3 ed.). Springer. ISBN   038725496X.
  12. ↑ Koki Horikoshi; Garabed Antranikian; Alan T. Bull; Frank T. Robb; Karl O. Stetter (2011). Extremophiles Handbook Vol. 1. Springer. ISBN   978-4431538974.
  13. ↑ Korneev, KV; Kondakova, AN; Arbatsky, NP; Novototskaya-Vlasova, KA; Rivkina, EM; Anisimov, AP; Kruglov, AA; Kuprash, DV; Nedospasov, SA; Knirel, YA; Drutskaya, MS (December 2014). "Distinct biological activity of lipopolysaccharides with different lipid A acylation status from mutant strains of Yersinia pestis and some members of genus Psychrobacter". Biochemistry. Biokhimiia. 79 (12): 1333–8. doi:10.1134/S0006297914120062. PMID   25716726. S2CID   2948187.

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