Pteraspidoidei Temporal range: Devonian | |
---|---|
Errivaspis | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Superclass: | Agnatha |
Class: | † Pteraspidomorphi |
Subclass: | † Heterostraci |
Order: | † Pteraspidiformes |
Suborder: | †Pteraspidoidei sensu Pernègre, 2006 |
Families | |
| |
Synonyms | |
†Pteraspidina sensu Janvier, 1996 |
Pteraspidoidei is an extinct suborder of heterostracan vertebrates. It contains the more derived taxa within Pteraspidiformes, such as Pteraspis and Errivaspis , though, some protopteraspidids, such as Doryaspis and Panamintaspis , share various features with these derived pteraspidids.
Heterostraci is an extinct subclass of pteraspidomorph jawless vertebrate that lived primarily in marine and estuary environments. The first identifiable heterostracans appear in the fossil record during the early Silurian, and all, save for the Psammosteids, became extinct by the start of the late Devonian. This last group of heterostracans died out in the extinction event at the end of the Devonian.
Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata. Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 69,276 species described. Vertebrates include the jawless fishes and jawed vertebrates, which include the cartilaginous fishes and the bony fishes. The bony fishes in turn, cladistically speaking, also include the tetrapods, which include amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
Pteraspidiformes is an extinct order of heterostracan agnathan vertebrates known from extensive fossil remains primarily from Early Devonian strata of Europe and North America, and from Upper Silurian Canada.
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Djurinaspis is an extinct genus of jawless fish which existed during the early Devonian period. It was originally described by Novitskaya in 1983. A new species, D. secunda, from Ukraine was described by Victor Voichyshyn in 2011.
Panamintaspis snowi is an extinct species of pteraspidid heterostracan agnathan which existed during the early Middle Devonian period of Death Valley, California. Fossils are found in Late Emsian-aged marine strata of the Lost Burro Formation. P. snowi strongly resembles Pteraspis, though while it was originally described as a member of the same family, Pteraspididae, a recent phylogenetic reassessment of the order Pteraspidiformes places P. snowi within the paraphyletic family "Protopeteraspidae," as the sister taxon of the suborder Pteraspidoidei.
Protopteraspididae is an extinct family of pteraspidid heterostracan agnathans. Fossils of the various genera are found in early Devonian-aged marine strata. Protopteraspidids were once thought to represent a taxon of basal pteraspidids but recent evaluations demonstrate that Protopteraspididae is a paraphyletic group of various transitional forms representing a gradual transition between the more advanced Pteraspoidei, and the anchipteraspidids and the Psammosteids.
Anchipteraspididae is an extinct family of heterostracan vertebrates restricted to Late Silurian and Early Devonian strata of Arctic Canada.
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