Pterostylis clivicola

Pterostylis clivicola
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Orchidaceae
Subfamily:	Orchidoideae
Genus:	Pterostylis
Species:	P. clivicola
Binomial name
	Pterostylis clivicola; D.L.Jones G.N.Backhouse [1]
Synonyms [1]
	Hymenochilus clivicola D.L.Jones

Last updated May 03, 2019

Pterostylis clivicola is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to a small area near the border between New South Wales and Victoria. It has a rosette of leaves and up to fourteen green flowers which have a labellum with a dark green, beak-like appendage.

The Orchidaceae are a diverse and widespread family of flowering plants, with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant, commonly known as the orchid family.

Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. The extreme opposite of endemism is cosmopolitan distribution. An alternative term for a species that is endemic is precinctive, which applies to species that are restricted to a defined geographical area.

New South Wales is a state on the east coast of Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria to the south, and South Australia to the west. Its coast borders the Tasman Sea to the east. The Australian Capital Territory is an enclave within the state. New South Wales' state capital is Sydney, which is also Australia's most populous city. In September 2018, the population of New South Wales was over 8 million, making it Australia's most populous state. Just under two-thirds of the state's population, 5.1 million, live in the Greater Sydney area. Inhabitants of New South Wales are referred to as New South Welshmen.

Description

Pterostylis clivicola, is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber. It has a rosette of between five and eight egg-shaped leaves, each leaf 6–20 mm (0.2–0.8 in) long and 3–8 mm (0.1–0.3 in) wide. Flowering plants have the rosette at the base of a flowering stem 50–160 mm (2–6 in) high with between three and fourteen translucent green flowers with dark green lines. The dorsal sepal and petals form a hood or "galea" over the column. The dorsal sepal is pointed, erect near its base then curves forward. The lateral sepals turn downwards, joined for part of their length, the joined part 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) long and 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) wide. The labellum is green, about 2 mm (0.08 in) long wide with a greenish-black appendage with three ridges. Flowering occurs from October to December.^[2]

A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years. Some sources cite perennial plants being plants that live more than three years. The term is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. The term is also widely used to distinguish plants with little or no woody growth from trees and shrubs, which are also technically perennials.

In the fields of horticulture and botany, the term deciduous (/dɪˈsɪdʒuəs/) means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, after flowering; and to the shedding of ripe fruit.

Herbaceous plants in Botany, frequently shortened to herbs, are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stem above ground. Herb has other meanings in cooking, medicine, and other fields. Herbaceous plants are those plants that do not have woody stems, they include many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials, they include both forbs and graminoids.

Taxonomy and naming

This greenhood was first formally described in 2008 by David Jones and given the name Hymenochilus clivicola. The description was published in The Orchadian from a specimen collected near Delegate.^[3] In 2010, Gary Backhouse changed the name to Pterostylis clivicola.^[1] The specific epithet (clivicola) is derived from the Latin word clivus meaning "ascent", "elevation", "hill" or "sloping hillside"^[4]^:536 with the suffix -cola meaning "dweller".^[4]^:217

David Lloyd Jones is an Australian horticultural botanist and the author of a large number of books and papers, especially on Australian orchids.

Delegate is a small town in New South Wales, Australia in Snowy Monaro Regional Council, 523 kilometres (325 mi) south of the state capital, Sydney.

Botanical nomenclature is the formal, scientific naming of plants. It is related to, but distinct from taxonomy. Plant taxonomy is concerned with grouping and classifying plants; botanical nomenclature then provides names for the results of this process. The starting point for modern botanical nomenclature is Linnaeus' Species Plantarum of 1753. Botanical nomenclature is governed by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), which replaces the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN). Fossil plants are also covered by the code of nomenclature.

Distribution and habitat

Pterostylis clivicola is only known from a population of about twenty plants growing in grassland near Bendoc.^[2]

Related Research Articles

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Pterostylis prasina, commonly known as the mallee leafy greenhood, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to southern continental Australia. Non-flowering have a rosette of leaves on a short stalk, but flowering plants lack the rosette and have up to eight pale green and translucent green flowers with darker green lines. The flowers have a pale green labellum with a darker central line. It is a common and widespread greenhood in parts of Victoria and South Australia.

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Pterostylis tanypoda, commonly known as the swan greenhood, is a species of greenhood orchid endemic to New Zealand. Both flowering and non-flowering plants have a rosette of leaves lying flat on the ground and flowering plants have up to seven crowded, inconspicuous bluish-green and white-striped flowers.

Pterostylis flavovirens, commonly known as the coastal banded greenhood, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae that is endemic to South Australia. As with other similar orchids, non-flowering plants differ from those in flower. Flowering plants have up to seven pale to translucent green flowers with darker green stripes. The flowers have an insect-like labellum which is yellowish green with a slightly darker green stripe along its centre. Non-flowering plants have a rosette of leaves on a stalk, but flowering plants lack the rosette, instead having three to six stem leaves.

References

1 2 3 "Pterostylis clivicola". APNI. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
1 2 Jeanes, Jeff. "Pterostylis clivicola". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria: vicflora. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
↑ "Hymenochilus clivicola". APNI. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
1 2 Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.

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[APNI-1] 1 2 3 "Pterostylis clivicola". APNI. Retrieved 23 June 2017.

[RBGV-2] 1 2 Jeanes, Jeff. "Pterostylis clivicola". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria: vicflora. Retrieved 23 June 2017.

[APNI(1)-3] "Hymenochilus clivicola". APNI. Retrieved 23 June 2017.

[RWB-4] 1 2 Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.