Cordyceps is a genus of ascomycete fungi that includes about 750 species worldwide, 200 of these species are parasitic. Diverse variants of cordyceps have had more than 1,500 years of use in Chinese medicine. Most Cordyceps species are endoparasitoids, parasitic mainly on insects and other arthropods ; a few are parasitic on other fungi.
The Hypocreales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes. In 2008, it was estimated that it contained some 237 genera, and 2647 species in seven families. Since then, a considerable number of further taxa have been identified, including an additional family, the Stachybotryaceae. Wijayawardene et al. in 2020 added more families and genera to the order. According to the Catalog of Life, As of April 2021 the Hypocreales contains 6 families, 137 genera, and 1411 species. Hyde et al. (2020a) listed 14 families under Hypocreales, while, Wijayawardene et al. (2022) accepted 15 families in the order, where Cylindriaceae was additionally added. Earlier, Hyde et al. (2020a) had placed Cylindriaceae in class Xylariomycetidae. Samarakoon et al. (2022) agreed. Hence, Cylindriaceae should have been excluded from Hypocreales and placed in Xylariomycetidae. Xiao et al. (2022) recently introduced a new family Polycephalomycetaceae to Hypocreales.
An entomopathogenic fungus is a fungus that can kill or seriously disable insects. They do not need to enter an insect's body through oral ingestion or intake; rather, they directly penetrate though the exoskeleton.
The Nectriaceae comprise a family of fungi in the order Hypocreales. It was circumscribed by brothers Charles and Louis René Tulasne in 1865. In 2020, an Outline of fungi was produced and listed 70 genera and about 1,336 species.
Paecilomyces is a genus of fungi. A number of species in this genus are plant pathogens.
Cylindrocarpon ianthothele is a fungal plant pathogen in the family Nectriaceae. It was described as a new species in 1917 by the German mycologist Hans Wilhelm Wollenweber. The type specimen was collected from rotten bulbs of Cyclamen persicum and on stems of Rubus idaeus growing in Denmark and Switzerland. Although some varieties and a form of the fungus have been proposed, they are now not considered to have independent taxonomic significance and have been folded into synonymy with the nominate variety.
Camillea tinctor is a species of fungus in the family Graphostromataceae. It is a plant pathogen and saprophyte of dying or weakened trees such as sycamore, oak, or elm. The fungus causes cankers on large branches or the tree trunk. Ascospores of this fungus are transported by wind or rain that can infect existing wounds in trees. It can be identified by orange staining that can be seen on cut wood, and it has protruding ostioles.
Ophiocordyceps unilateralis, commonly known as zombie-ant fungus, is an insect-pathogenic fungus, discovered by the British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace in 1859, Zombie ants, infected by the Ophiocordyceps unilateralis fungus, are predominantly found in tropical rainforests.
Nematophagous fungi are carnivorous fungi specialized in trapping and digesting nematodes. More than 700 species are known. Species exist that live inside the nematodes from the beginning and others that catch them, mostly with glue traps or in rings, some of which constrict on contact. Some species possess both types of traps. Another technique is to stun the nematodes using toxins, a method employed by Coprinus comatus, Stropharia rugosoannulata, and the family Pleurotaceae. The habit of feeding on nematodes has arisen many times among fungi, as is demonstrated by the fact that nematophagous species are found in all major fungal groups. Nematophagous fungi can be useful in controlling those nematodes that eat crops. Purpureocillium, for example, can be used as a bio-nematicide.
Podonectria is a genus in the monotypic Podonectriaceae family of fungi. They are parasitic fungus on scale insects, other fungi, or on substrates that had previously colonized by other fungi.
Tolypocladium is a genus of fungi within the family Ophiocordycipitaceae. It includes species that are parasites of other fungi, insect pathogens, rotifer pathogens and soil inhabiting species with uncertain ecological roles.
Aecidium breyniae is a species of fungus in the Pucciniales order. It was described by Syd. and P. Syd in 1907.
Aecidium amaryllidis is a species of fungus in the Pucciniales order. It was described by Syd., P. Syd and E.J.Butler in 1912.
Aecidium aechmantherae is a species of fungus in the Pucciniales order. It was described by Syd. and P. Syd in 1907.
Leccinum variicolor is a species of bolete fungus in the genus Leccinum.
Ophiocordyceps camponoti-melanotici is a species of fungus that parasitizes insect hosts, in particular members of the order Hymenoptera. It was first isolated from Viçosa, Minas Gerais, on Camponotus melanoticus.
Metarhizium rileyi is a species of entomopathogenic fungus in the family Clavicipitaceae. This species is known to infect Lepidoptera, including economically important insects in the Noctuoidea and Bombycoidea; there is an extensive literature on this fungus under its synonym Nomuraea rileyi.
Trichoderma hamatum is a species of fungus in the family Hypocreaceae. It has been used a biological control of certain plant diseases, including Sclerotinia lettuce drop caused by Sclerotinia minor.
Trichoderma stromaticum is a species of fungus in the family Hypocreaceae. It is a parasite of the cacao witches broom pathogen and has been used in its biological control.
Phyllachora leveilleana is a species of fungus, a member of the division Ascomycota, and was first described by Ferdinand Theissen and Hans Sydow in 1917. Phyllachora leveilleana belongs to the genus Phyllachora, and family Phyllachoraceae.
