RALGDS

RALGDS
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1RAX, 2B3A, 2RGF, 3KH0
Identifiers
Aliases	RALGDS , RGDS, RGF, RalGEF, ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator
External IDs	OMIM: 601619; MGI: 107485; HomoloGene: 4562; GeneCards: RALGDS; OMA:RALGDS - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 9 (human) [1] Band 9q34.13-q34.2 Start 133,097,720 bp [1] End 133,149,334 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 2 (mouse) [2] Band 2|2 A3 Start 28,403,137 bp [2] End 28,443,093 bp [2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in right hemisphere of cerebellum pituitary gland anterior pituitary C1 segment skin of abdomen skin of leg substantia nigra granulocyte amygdala caudate nucleus Top expressed in lactiferous gland entorhinal cortex perirhinal cortex CA3 field genital tubercle spermatid primary visual cortex superior frontal gyrus lip ventricular zone More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function protein binding guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity GTPase regulator activity Cellular component cytosol brush border cytoplasm nucleus Biological process small GTPase mediated signal transduction Ras protein signal transduction signal transduction regulation of catalytic activity Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 5900 19730 Ensembl ENSG00000160271 ENSMUSG00000026821 UniProt Q12967 Q03385 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_006266 NM_001042368 NM_001271774 NM_001271775 NM_001271776 NM_001145834 NM_001145835 NM_001145836 NM_009058 RefSeq (protein) NP_001035827 NP_001258703 NP_001258704 NP_001258705 NP_006257 NP_001139306 NP_001139307 NP_001139308 NP_033084 Location (UCSC) Chr 9: 133.1 – 133.15 Mb Chr 2: 28.4 – 28.44 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator is a protein that is encoded by the RALGDS gene in humans. ^{[5] [6]}

Interactions

RALGDS has been shown to interact with:

• Arrestin beta 1, ^[7]
• Arrestin beta 2, ^[7]
• HRAS, ^{[5] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14]}
• KRAS, ^{[8] [10]}
• MRAS, ^{[15] [16]}
• RAP1A, ^{[9] [17]}
• RAP2A, ^[17]
• RAPGEF2, ^[8] and
• RRAS. ^[8]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000160271 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026821 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Hofer F, Fields S, Schneider C, Martin GS (December 1994). "Activated Ras interacts with the Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 91 (23): 11089–93. Bibcode:1994PNAS...9111089H. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.23.11089 . PMC   45172 . PMID   7972015.
6. "Entrez Gene: RALGDS ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator".
7. Bhattacharya M, Anborgh PH, Babwah AV, Dale LB, Dobransky T, Benovic JL, Feldman RD, Verdi JM, Rylett RJ, Ferguson SS (August 2002). "Beta-arrestins regulate a Ral-GDS Ral effector pathway that mediates cytoskeletal reorganization". Nat. Cell Biol. 4 (8): 547–55. doi:10.1038/ncb821. PMID   12105416. S2CID   20784208.
8. Spaargaren M, Bischoff JR (December 1994). "Identification of the guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator for Ral as a putative effector molecule of R-ras, H-ras, K-ras, and Rap". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (26): 12609–13. Bibcode:1994PNAS...9112609S. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.26.12609 . PMC   45488 . PMID   7809086.
9. Boettner B, Govek EE, Cross J, Van Aelst L (August 2000). "The junctional multidomain protein AF-6 is a binding partner of the Rap1A GTPase and associates with the actin cytoskeletal regulator profilin". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (16): 9064–9. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.9064B. doi: 10.1073/pnas.97.16.9064 . PMC   16822 . PMID   10922060.
10. Li W, Han M, Guan KL (April 2000). "The leucine-rich repeat protein SUR-8 enhances MAP kinase activation and forms a complex with Ras and Raf". Genes Dev. 14 (8): 895–900. doi:10.1101/gad.14.8.895. PMC   316541 . PMID   10783161.
11. Mitin NY, Ramocki MB, Zullo AJ, Der CJ, Konieczny SF, Taparowsky EJ (May 2004). "Identification and characterization of rain, a novel Ras-interacting protein with a unique subcellular localization". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (21): 22353–61. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M312867200 . PMID   15031288.
12. Miller MJ, Prigent S, Kupperman E, Rioux L, Park SH, Feramisco JR, White MA, Rutkowski JL, Meinkoth JL (February 1997). "RalGDS functions in Ras- and cAMP-mediated growth stimulation". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (9): 5600–5. doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.9.5600 . PMID   9038168.
13. Rodriguez-Viciana P, Warne PH, Khwaja A, Marte BM, Pappin D, Das P, Waterfield MD, Ridley A, Downward J (May 1997). "Role of phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase in cell transformation and control of the actin cytoskeleton by Ras". Cell. 89 (3): 457–67. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80226-3 . PMID   9150145. S2CID   14459536.
14. Stang S, Bottorff D, Stone JC (June 1997). "Interaction of activated Ras with Raf-1 alone may be sufficient for transformation of rat2 cells". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (6): 3047–55. doi:10.1128/MCB.17.6.3047. PMC   232157 . PMID   9154803.
15. Kimmelman A, Tolkacheva T, Lorenzi MV, Osada M, Chan AM (November 1997). "Identification and characterization of R-ras3: a novel member of the RAS gene family with a non-ubiquitous pattern of tissue distribution". Oncogene. 15 (22): 2675–85. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1201674 . PMID   9400994.
16. Ehrhardt GR, Leslie KB, Lee F, Wieler JS, Schrader JW (October 1999). "M-Ras, a widely expressed 29-kD homologue of p21 Ras: expression of a constitutively active mutant results in factor-independent growth of an interleukin-3-dependent cell line". Blood. 94 (7): 2433–44. doi:10.1182/blood.V94.7.2433.419k31_2433_2444. PMID   10498616. S2CID   40024826.
17. Nancy V, Wolthuis RM, de Tand MF, Janoueix-Lerosey I, Bos JL, de Gunzburg J (March 1999). "Identification and characterization of potential effector molecules of the Ras-related GTPase Rap2". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (13): 8737–45. doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.13.8737 . PMID   10085114.

Further reading

• Spaargaren M, Bischoff JR (1995). "Identification of the guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator for Ral as a putative effector molecule of R-ras, H-ras, K-ras, and Rap". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (26): 12609–13. Bibcode:1994PNAS...9112609S. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.26.12609 . PMC   45488 . PMID   7809086.
• Albright CF, Giddings BW, Liu J, Vito M, Weinberg RA (1993). "Characterization of a guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator for a ras-related GTPase". EMBO J. 12 (1): 339–47. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05662.x. PMC   413211 . PMID   8094051.
• Urano T, Emkey R, Feig LA (1996). "Ral-GTPases mediate a distinct downstream signaling pathway from Ras that facilitates cellular transformation". EMBO J. 15 (4): 810–6. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00416.x. PMC   450279 . PMID   8631302.
• Miller MJ, Prigent S, Kupperman E, Rioux L, Park SH, Feramisco JR, White MA, Rutkowski JL, Meinkoth JL (1997). "RalGDS functions in Ras- and cAMP-mediated growth stimulation". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (9): 5600–5. doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.9.5600 . PMID   9038168.
• Fukunaga R, Hunter T (1997). "MNK1, a new MAP kinase-activated protein kinase, isolated by a novel expression screening method for identifying protein kinase substrates". EMBO J. 16 (8): 1921–33. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.8.1921. PMC   1169795 . PMID   9155018.
• Geyer M, Herrmann C, Wohlgemuth S, Wittinghofer A, Kalbitzer HR (1997). "Structure of the Ras-binding domain of RalGEF and implications for Ras binding and signalling". Nat. Struct. Biol. 4 (9): 694–9. doi:10.1038/nsb0997-694. hdl: 11858/00-001M-0000-0024-AF7E-E . PMID   9302994. S2CID   3189922.
• Humphrey D, Kwiatkowska J, Henske EP, Haines JL, Halley D, van Slegtenhorst M, Kwiatkowski DJ (1997). "Cloning and evaluation of RALGDS as a candidate for the tuberous sclerosis gene TSC1". Ann. Hum. Genet. 61 (Pt 4): 299–305. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-1809.1997.6140299.x . PMID   9365783. S2CID   20453717.
• Kimmelman A, Tolkacheva T, Lorenzi MV, Osada M, Chan AM (1998). "Identification and characterization of R-ras3: a novel member of the RAS gene family with a non-ubiquitous pattern of tissue distribution". Oncogene. 15 (22): 2675–85. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1201674 . PMID   9400994.
• Shirouzu M, Morinaka K, Koyama S, Hu CD, Hori-Tamura N, Okada T, Kariya K, Kataoka T, Kikuchi A, Yokoyama S (1998). "Interactions of the amino acid residue at position 31 of the c-Ha-Ras protein with Raf-1 and RalGDS". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (13): 7737–42. doi: 10.1074/jbc.273.13.7737 . PMID   9516482.
• Okada S, Matsuda M, Anafi M, Pawson T, Pessin JE (1998). "Insulin regulates the dynamic balance between Ras and Rap1 signaling by coordinating the assembly states of the Grb2-SOS and CrkII-C3G complexes". EMBO J. 17 (9): 2554–65. doi:10.1093/emboj/17.9.2554. PMC   1170597 . PMID   9564038.
• Nancy V, Wolthuis RM, de Tand MF, Janoueix-Lerosey I, Bos JL, de Gunzburg J (1999). "Identification and characterization of potential effector molecules of the Ras-related GTPase Rap2". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (13): 8737–45. doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.13.8737 . PMID   10085114.
• Ehrhardt GR, Leslie KB, Lee F, Wieler JS, Schrader JW (1999). "M-Ras, a widely expressed 29-kD homologue of p21 Ras: expression of a constitutively active mutant results in factor-independent growth of an interleukin-3-dependent cell line". Blood. 94 (7): 2433–44. doi:10.1182/blood.V94.7.2433.419k31_2433_2444. PMID   10498616. S2CID   40024826.
• Shao H, Kadono-Okuda K, Finlin BS, Andres DA (1999). "Biochemical characterization of the Ras-related GTPases Rit and Rin". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 371 (2): 207–19. doi:10.1006/abbi.1999.1448. PMID   10545207.
• Zheng Q, Yu L, Zhao Y, Sun X, Dai F, Hu P, Fu Q, Geng Z (2000). "[Refined chromosome assignment of human novel H-RalGDS gene on chromosome 9q34.1 by using radiation hybrid genebridge 4 panel]". Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi. 17 (1): 1–5. PMID   10653898.
• Nagase T, Kikuno R, Ishikawa KI, Hirosawa M, Ohara O (2000). "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XVI. The complete sequences of 150 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro". DNA Res. 7 (1): 65–73. doi: 10.1093/dnares/7.1.65 . PMID   10718198.
• Zheng Q, Yu L, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Fu Q, Mao N, Hu P, Geng Z, Zhao S (2001). "Structure characterization of human RalGDS gene, and the identification of its novel variant". Mol. Biol. Rep. 27 (4): 209–16. doi:10.1023/A:1011043122220. PMID   11455956. S2CID   7866224.
• Murphy GA, Graham SM, Morita S, Reks SE, Rogers-Graham K, Vojtek A, Kelley GG, Der CJ (2002). "Involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, but not RalGDS, in TC21/R-Ras2-mediated transformation". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (12): 9966–75. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109059200 . PMID   11788587.
• Ramírez de Molina A, Penalva V, Lucas L, Lacal JC (2002). "Regulation of choline kinase activity by Ras proteins involves Ral-GDS and PI3K". Oncogene. 21 (6): 937–46. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205144. PMID   11840339. S2CID   20848629.
• Tian X, Rusanescu G, Hou W, Schaffhausen B, Feig LA (2002). "PDK1 mediates growth factor-induced Ral-GEF activation by a kinase-independent mechanism". EMBO J. 21 (6): 1327–38. doi:10.1093/emboj/21.6.1327. PMC   125928 . PMID   11889038.