The politics of the Republic of Peru takes place in a framework of a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic,whereby the President of Peru is both head of state and head of government,and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the President and the Government. Legislative power is vested in both the Government and the Congress. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Peru a "flawed democracy" in 2019. Support for traditional political parties have thoroughly collapsed in Peru since 2000,paving the way for the rise of personalist leaderships. The political parties in the congress of Peru are,according to political scientist Lucia Dammert,"agglomerations of individual and group interests more than solid and representative parties".
In Peru,the people directly elect a head of state as well as a legislature. The president is elected by the people for a five-year term. The unicameral Congress (Congreso) has 130 members,also elected for a five-year term by proportional representation. Peru has a multi-party system,which effectively bars one party from becoming the sole influence in a decision-making process. As such,parties must work with one another to form coalition governments. The whole election process is held by the National Jury of Elections and the National Office of Electoral Processes. Peru has compulsory voting.
The Christian People's Party is a center-right and conservative political party based on the principles of Christian democracy. It was founded in 1966 by a group of Peruvian Christian Democrat Party dissidents,led by Luis Bedoya Reyes.
Lourdes Celmira Rosario Flores Nano is a Peruvian lawyer and politician who served as a councilwoman of Lima,Deputy from Lima from 1990 to 1992,Democratic Constituent Congresswoman from 1992 to 1995,Congresswoman from 1995 to 2000,and the Christian People's Party candidate for President of Peru in the 2001 and 2006 elections in which she ran under the National Unity.
General elections were held in Peru in on 9 April 2006 to elect the President,two Vice-Presidents,120 members of Congress and five members of the Andean Parliament for the 2006–2011 period. As the no presidential candidate received a majority of the vote,a second round was held on 4 June between the top two candidates,Ollanta Humala and Alan García. Garcia won the run-off with 52.63% to Humala's 47.37%. He was subsequently inaugurated on 28 July 2006,Peruvian Independence Day.
Keiko Sofía Fujimori Higuchi is a Peruvian politician. Fujimori is the eldest daughter of former Peruvian president Alberto Fujimori and Susana Higuchi. From August 1994 to November 2000,she held the role of First Lady of Peru,during her father's administrations. She has served as the leader of the Fujimorist political party Popular Force since 2010,and was a congresswoman representing the Lima Metropolitan Area,from 2006 to 2011. Fujimori ran for president in the 2011,2016,and 2021 elections,but was defeated each time in the second round of voting.
Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso is a Peruvian politician and former military officer who served as President of Peru from 2011 to 2016. Originally a socialist and left-wing nationalist,he is considered to have shifted towards neoliberal policies and the political centre during his presidency.
National Solidarity Party,was a conservative Peruvian political party. Founded in 1998 for the 2000 general election to support the candidacy of Luis Castañeda Lossio,a former Lima City Council member from Popular Action. Following the end of Alberto Fujimori's regime,the party formed the National Unity coalition with the Christian People's Party and other minor parties. Led by Lourdes Flores,the coalition placed third at the 2001 and 2006 general elections,while at municipal level,it won the capital city of Lima with Castañeda as the mayoral nominee.
Víctor Rolando Sousa Huanambal is a Peruvian lawyer and Fujimorist politician. He was a former Congressman representing Lima from 2006 to 2011,elected under the Fujimorist Alliance for the Future in which,he also ran unsuccessfully for the second vice presidency as the running mate of Congresswoman Martha Chávez under the Fujimorist Alliance for the Future,in which,the ticket placed fourth. He is a former Representative to the Andean Parliament serving from 2016 to 2021.
Guido Ricardo Lombardi Elías is a Peruvian journalist,lawyer,and politician of Italian descent.
Luis Fernando Galarreta Velarde is a Peruvian Fujimorist politician and a former Congressman representing Lima between 2006 and 2020. He was President of the Congress for the 2017–2018 annual term. Galarreta was part of the presidential ticket of Keiko Fujimori in the 2021 elections that lost the elections to the Pedro Castillo ticket,however,he was elected to the Andean Parliament.
Popular Force,known as Force 2011 until 2012,is a right-wing populist and Fujimorist political party in Peru. The party is led by Keiko Fujimori,former congresswoman and daughter of former President Alberto Fujimori. She ran unsuccessfully for the presidency in the 2011,2016 and 2021 presidential elections,all losing by a narrow margin.
General elections were held in Peru on 10 April 2011 to elect the President,the Vice Presidents,130 members of Congress and five members of the Andean Parliament. As no presidential candidate received a majority in the first round,a second round was held on 5 June to determine the successor of outgoing president Alan García. Former army officer Ollanta Humala narrowly defeated Keiko Fujimori,daughter of imprisoned former President Alberto Fujimori. Humala was sworn in as the 94th President of Peru on 28 July.
The Alliance for the Great Change—PPK was an electoral alliance in Peru formed for the 2011 general election to promote the presidential candidacy of Pedro Pablo Kuczynski ("PPK").
The National Solidarity Alliance was an electoral alliance in Peru formed for the 2011 general election,dominated by the eponymous National Solidarity Party and led by presidential candidate Luis Castañeda.
Peru Wins was a leftist electoral alliance in Peru formed for the 2011 general election. It was dominated by the Peruvian Nationalist Party and led by successful presidential candidate Ollanta Humala Tasso.
General elections were held in Peru on 10 April 2016 to determine the president,vice-presidents,composition of the Congress of the Republic of Peru and the Peruvian representatives of the Andean Parliament.
This is a list of the composition of the Congress of the Republic of Peru since the adoption of the current Constitution of Peru in 1993 starting with the 1995 elections.
General elections were held in Peru on 11 April 2021. The presidential election,which determined the president and the vice presidents,required a run-off between the two top candidates,which was held on 6 June 2021. The congressional elections determined the composition of the Congress of Peru,with all 130 seats contested.
María Soledad Pérez Tello de Rodríguez is a Peruvian lawyer,notary and politician. A prominent member of the Christian People's Party,she currently serves as its Secretary General since December 2017.
Peruvian