 | The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject.(October 2022) |
Regional police are multijurisdictional police forces which cover at least two administrative divisions.
| The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject.(October 2022) |
Regional police are multijurisdictional police forces which cover at least two administrative divisions.
In Canada, there are three main types of regional police force. There are those that are operated by regional municipalities in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec; those shared by two independent municipalities, such as the Kennebecasis Regional Police Force; and those that are operated by a single municipality but contracted to serve other municipalities, like the Victoria Police Department and Thunder Bay Police Service. [1] Many Indigenous communities are too small to sustain independent police forces — the Canadian reserve system operated on the assumption that Indigenous families required less land than settler families and routinely gave away reserve lands to settlers without Indigenous consultation or consent [2] — and several instead maintain regional police agencies, either by contracting police services out to a neighbouring municipal police force or by sharing police services with several other First Nations or Indigenous communities. [3]
There are several police services in Nova Scotia that have "regional" in their name and serve regional municipalities, but they are not true regional police forces. While regional municipalities in Ontario and Quebec form an "upper tier" (county level) of government, coordinating services like police and roads for several constituent municipalities (making those forces equivalent to US county sheriff departments), Nova Scotia regional municipalities are "single tier," handling all of the municipal services for a large area. [4] Not every regional police force in Nova Scotia serves a regional municipality, however — the New Glasgow Regional Police Service serves two towns in Pictou County, New Glasgow and Trenton. [5] Some police forces in Ontario — such as the Ottawa Police Service and Greater Sudbury Police Service — had originally been regional police services, but ceased to function as true regional police agencies after the regional municipalities that they served were amalgamated into single-tier cities.
The adoption of regional policing in Canada has been controversial. A 2016 review of nine mid-sized and large Canadian police services found no significant differences existed in cost or service quality between regional and non-regional police forces, [6] and a literature review in 2015 found that larger police services are less effective and more expensive compared to mid-sized forces. [7]
Through the formation of a "police district" under the control of a Police Commission, some municipalities in Pennsylvania have found that improved and more professional police services could be obtained through inter-governmental cooperation. Having one police department covering two or more neighboring communities, rather than separate police departments, allows each municipality to enjoy the benefits of a larger department, such as specialized units and a professional staff. [20]
Indigenous police services in Canada are police forces under the control of a First Nation or Inuit government. The power of Indigenous governments to establish independent police services varies, and only First Nations and Inuit communities governed by the Indian Act can establish their own police forces. Métis governments, First Nations, and Inuit governments that have completed the comprehensive land claims process can only contract police services to a third party police force. The powers of Indigenous police services also vary, and some cannot complete criminal investigations without outside consultation or maintain specialized resources, such as police dogs or crime labs.
Law enforcement in Canada is the responsibility of police services, special constabularies, and civil law enforcement agencies, which are operated by every level of government, some private and public corporations, and First Nations. In contrast to the United States or Mexico and with the exception of the Unité permanente anticorruption in Quebec and the Organized Crime Agency of British Columbia, there are no organizations dedicated exclusively to the investigation of criminal activity in Canada. Criminal investigations are instead conducted by police services, which maintain specialized criminal investigation units in addition to their community safety and emergency response mandates.
Mishkeegogamang First Nation is an Ojibway band government in the Canadian province of Ontario. Until 1993, the band was called the Osnaburgh First Nation, with various settlements at times being called New Osnaburgh, Osnaburgh House, or Osnaburgh.
First Nations Police is a collective of aboriginal police forces in Ontario. FNP agencies are responsible for police duties concerning reserves in Ontario. First Nations Constables are appointed by the Commissioner of the Ontario Provincial Police and have the powers of a Police Officer within the Province of Ontario for the purpose of carrying out the duties specified in their appointment.
Cat Lake First Nation is an Ojibway First Nation reserve approximately 180 kilometres northwest of Sioux Lookout in northwestern Ontario, Canada, located on the central north shore of Cat Lake. As of November 2007, their total registered population was 612 people, of which their on-reserve population was 497.
Webequie First Nation is located on the northern peninsula of Eastwood Island on Winisk Lake, 540 km (336 mi) north of Thunder Bay in Ontario, Canada. Webequie is a fly-in community with no summer road access. The primary way into the community is by air to Webequie Airport or winter road, which connects to the Northern Ontario Resource Trail. The First Nation have the 34,279 ha Webequie Indian reserve. The Webequie or Webiqui Indian Settlement also have reserve status. Webequie First Nation is a member of the Matawa First Nations, a Regional Chiefs' Council and a member of the Nishnawbe Aski Nation.
Nibinamik First Nation, also known as Summer Beaver Band, is a small Oji-Cree First Nation reserve in Northern Ontario, located on the Summer Beaver Settlement that is connected to the rest of the province by its airport, and a winter/ice road that leads to the Northern Ontario Resource Trail.
Bearskin Lake First Nation is an Oji-Cree First Nation reserve in Kenora District, Ontario, Canada, located 425 kilometres (264 mi) north of Sioux Lookout. Bearskin First Nation's total registered population as of March 2014 was 900, of which their on-reserve population was 461.
Marten Falls First Nation is an Anishinaabe First Nation reserve located in northern Ontario. The First Nation occupies communities on both sides of the Albany River in Northern Ontario, including Ogoki Post in the Cochrane District and Marten Falls in the Kenora District. As of December 2013, the First Nation had a total registered population of 728 people, of which their on-reserve population was 328 people.
Kingfisher First Nation is an Oji-Cree First Nation reserve located 350 kilometres (220 mi) north of Sioux Lookout, Ontario, Canada. It is accessible by air all year and by waterway in summer and ice roads in winter. As of December 2009, the First Nation had a total registered population of 500 people, the on-reserve population being 462. The community speaks the Oji-Cree language, but most of it is fluent in English as well.
North Spirit Lake First Nation is a small Oji-Cree First Nation reserve in Northern Ontario, located north of Red Lake, Ontario. It is connected to Sandy Lake First Nation, and Deer Lake First Nation by winter/ice roads. It is part of the Keewaytinook Okimakanak Council and the Nishnawbe Aski Nation.
Keewaywin is a small Oji-Cree First Nation band government in Northern Ontario, located north of Red Lake, Ontario. It is connected to Sandy Lake First Nation by Sandy Lake. It is part of the Keewaytinook Okimakanak Council and the Nishnawbe Aski Nation. Sandy Lake First Nation Band members separated from Sandy Lake First Nation to form Keewaywin First Nation. The Indian reserve is entirely surrounded by territory of the Unorganized Kenora District.
Sachigo Lake First Nation is an Oji-Cree First Nation band government in Unorganized Kenora District in Northwestern Ontario, Canada. It is located on Sachigo Lake, part of the Sachigo River system and Hudson Bay drainage basin, approximately 425 kilometres (264 mi) north of the town of Sioux Lookout. As of September 2011, the First Nation had a registered population of 814 people, of which the on-reserve population was 443.
The Nishnawbe-Aski Police Service (NAPS), also occasionally known as the Nishnawbe Aski Police Service is the police agency for Nishnawbe-Aski Nation (NAN). As of July 2020, NAPS has 34 detachments in NAN communities across the territory covered by Treaty 9 and Treaty 5 within Ontario. Mr. Roland Morrison was sworn in as chief of police in 2019.
The Anishinabek Police Service (APS) is the shared police force for 15 of 40 communities in the Anishinabek Nation and 1 community in the Nishnawbe Aski Nation (NAN).
Chapleau Cree First Nation is a Mushkegowuk Cree First Nation located by Chapleau Township, Sudbury District, Ontario, Canada. The First Nation have reserved for themselves the 108.1 hectares Chapleau 75 Indian Reserve and the 1,016.8 hectares Chapleau Cree Fox Lake Indian Reserve. As of 2019, their on-reserve population was 57 compared to 2011 with 79 and 2006 with 92.
Integrated Security Unit (ISU) is a joint-services infrastructure security unit created to secure major events in Canada. This administrative and operational entity was first created by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) in 2003.
The Grand Council of the Crees or the GCC(EI), is the political body that represents the approximately 18,000 Cree or "Eeyou" of the territory called Eeyou Istchee in the James Bay and Nunavik regions of Northern Quebec, Canada. The Grand Council has twenty members: a Grand Chief and Deputy-Grand Chief elected at large by the Cree people, the Chiefs elected by each of the ten communities, and one other representative from each community.
The police in Canada's ranks differ according to the different police forces and depend on different laws at the federal, provincial, and municipal levels.
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