Notes
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  | This article about a Bolivian political party is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
Republican Party Partido Republicano | |
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| Leader | Bautista Saavedra Mallea Daniel Salamanca Urey José María Escalier |
| Founded | 1914 |
| Dissolved | 1921 |
| Split from | Liberal Party |
| Succeeded by | Genuine Republican Party Republican Socialist Party |
| Headquarters | La Paz |
| Ideology | Conservatism |
The Republican Party (Spanish: Partido Republicano, PR) was a Bolivian political party founded in 1914.
In 1914, the Liberal Party (Partido Liberal, PL) split and its leading intellectuals and statesmen – Bautista Saavedra Mallea, Daniel Domingo Salamanca Urey, José María Escalier and General José Manuel Pando – created the Republican Party. [1]
Platform of Republican Party was preoccupied with the recovery of Bolivia's lost maritime territories and typically demanded more morality in government, but its program differed little from traditional Liberal slogans. In 1917, the Republicans ran presidential candidate but were defeated in the Liberal-controlled elections. [2]
Republican Party grabbed power in a bloodless coup on 12 July 1920. [3]
After the revolution of 1920, the Republican party split into two factions, each headed by highly personalistic political caudillos, both of whom coveted the presidency: José María Escalier of the Genuine Republican Party (Escalieristas), and Bautista Saavedra of the Republican Socialist Party (Saavedristas). [4]
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Daniel Domingo Salamanca Urey was a Bolivian politician who served as the 33rd president of Bolivia from 1931 to 1934 until he was overthrown in a coup d'état on November 27, 1934, during the country's disastrous Chaco War with Paraguay.
Bautista Saavedra Mallea was a Bolivian lawyer and politician who served as the 29th president of Bolivia from 1921 to 1925. Prior to that, he was part of a governing junta from 1920 to 1921.
Hernando Siles Reyes was a Bolivian politician who served as the 31st president of Bolivia from 1926 to 1930. The founder of the Nationalist Party, he soon gravitated toward the Saavedrista faction of the Republican Party, which had come to power in 1920. Chosen by President Saavedra to be his successor in 1926, Siles ran on a ticket that included the latter's brother, Abdon Saavedra, as his vice-presidential running mate. This formula won the elections, and Siles Reyes was sworn in August, 1926. Soon, he came to be regarded as one of the most charismatic Bolivian politicians in recent memory, especially when he broke openly with the domineering ex-President Bautista Saavedra, and exiled him along with his brother. Despite all this, the Siles government soon ran into economic and political difficulties associated with the far-reaching effects of the "crash" of 1929. Moreover, his term was marked by rising diplomatic tensions with neighboring Paraguay which would later lead to the Chaco War. Many more opponents were exiled, giving Siles some breathing room, but matters reached a breaking point when, in 1930, the President attempted to unilaterally increase his term in office, ostensibly to deal with the mounting economic and international crisis. This was all his opponents needed, and with a coup d'état clearly in the offing, Siles resigned on May 28, 1930, leaving his cabinet in charge. The latter was overthrown by General Carlos Blanco, who in 1931 called elections which were won by Daniel Salamanca of the Partido Republicano-Genuino. Siles lived the rest of his life in exile, dying in Lima in 1942 at the age of 60.
Eliodoro Villazón Montaño was a Bolivian lawyer and politician who served as the 27th president of Bolivia from 1909 to 1913 and as the 15th vice president of Bolivia from 1904 to 1909.
José Manuel Gutiérrez Guerra, known as "the last Oligarch," was a Bolivian economist and statesman who served as the 28th president of Bolivia from 1917 to 1920. He was the grandson of Pedro José Domingo de Guerra, acting president in 1879 and chief justice of the Supreme Court, who had died in office after he was forced to assume presidential responsibilities during the disastrous War of the Pacific.
Tristán Marof was a Bolivian diplomat, writer, essayist, and journalist. He was Consul of Bolivia in Europe, where he was linked to the labor movement and Marxist-Leninist organizations.
The invasion of the Iberian Peninsula in 1807-08 by Napoleon Bonaparte's forces proved to be critical for the independence struggle in South America, during which the local elites of Upper Peru remained mostly loyal to Spain, supporting Junta Central, a government which ruled in the name of the overthrown king Ferdinand VII of Spain. A number of radical criollos in 1808-10 began a local power struggle. Pedro Domingo Murillo proclaimed an independent state in Upper Peru in the name of king Ferdinand VII. During the following seven years Upper Peru became the battleground between the armed forces of independent United Provinces of the Río de la Plata and royalist troops from Viceroyalty of Peru.
Bolivia's defeat by Paraguay in the Chaco War of 1932–1936 marked a turning point in the modern history of Bolivia. Great loss of life and territory discredited the traditional ruling classes, while service in the army produced stirrings of political awareness among the indigenous people. A large portion of the contested Gran Chaco region was surrendered to Paraguay. In return Bolivia was given access to the Paraguay River where Puerto Busch was founded and, with this, free access to the Atlantic Ocean through international waters was possible. In 1936 Standard Oil's Bolivian operations were nationalized and the state-owned firm Yacimientos Petroliferos Fiscales Bolivianos (YPFB) was created. From the end of the Chaco War until the 1952 Bolivian National Revolution, the emergence of contending ideologies and the demands of new groups convulsed Bolivian politics.
General elections were held in Honduras on March 28, 1971. Voters went to the polls to elect a new President of the Republic and a new Congress. The two main parties, the National Party and Liberal Party, had agreed before the election to split the Congressional seats equally between them, with each party being awarded 32 of the 64 seats. Additional one seat was to be allocated to the winner of the presidential elections as the president was entitled to one seat in parliament, while both parties were to be equally represented in the Supreme Court in all state institutions including the Government. Ramón Ernesto Cruz Uclés of the National Party won the presidential election with 53% of the vote. Approximately 40% out of total of around 900,000 voters abstained from voting at the elections. Some of the major topics at the elections was the issue of commitment to continued participation in the Central American Common Market and approach to the relations with El Salvador after the Football War.
Constituent Assembly elections were held in Honduras on 22 September 1957. In November the Assembly elected Ramón Villeda Morales as president.
General elections were held in Nicaragua on 5 October 1924 to elect a president, half of the deputies and one-third of the senators of the National Congress.
The Socialist Republican Party, whose members were also known as "Saavedristas", was a political party in Bolivia. The Socialist Republican Party emerged on January 28, 1921, as the Republican Party was bifurcated on the same day Bautista Saavedra took office as President of the country. The Socialist Republican Party was formed by Saavedra's followers.
The Liberal Party was one of two major political parties in Bolivia in the late 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. The other was the Conservative Party. The Liberal Party was formally founded in 1883 by Eliodoro Camacho. The party espoused freedom of religion, a strict separation between church and state, legal acceptance of civil marriages and divorce, and strict adherence to democratic procedures. When the party took power in 1899, it moved the base of the presidency and the Congress to La Paz, which became the de facto capital city. The Supreme Court remained in Sucre. To this day, Sucre is the de jure capital of Bolivia while La Paz acts as the de facto seat of government.
The Genuine Republican Party was founded in Bolivia in 1921 by José María Escalier and Daniel Domingo Salamanca Urey following a split in the Republican Party.
The Nationalist Party was a Bolivian reformist and nationalist political party.
The Independent Socialist Party was founded in March 1938 by Víctor Paz Estenssoro, Carlos Salamanca, Jorge Aráoz Campero, Carlos Montenegro and Augusto Céspedes, following a split in the United Socialist Party.
The Social Democratic Party was a conservative, small and elitist, but influential Bolivian political party formed by middle-class intellectuals.
The Foreign Minister of Bolivia is the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The current minister is Rogelio Mayta, who was appointed by president Luis Arce in November 2020.
1920 Bolivian coup d'état was a bloodless takeover of power in Bolivia by the Republican party on July 12, 1920 which overthrew the previously ruling government of the Liberal Party and brought Bautista Saavedra to power as President from 1920 until 1925.
Luis Paz Arce was a Bolivian historian, journalist, jurist, lawyer, and politician who served on the Supreme Court of Justice of Bolivia for twenty-three years, an associate justice from 1905 to 1919 and as the president from 1919 until his death in 1928. A conservative, Paz held a lengthy political and academic background, serving in various legislative and ministerial positions from the early 1880s to the mid-1890s, including as minister of war from 1895 to 1896, minister of government from 1892 to 1895, and senator for Tarija from 1892 to 1898. In 1921, the National Convention selected him to be vice president under Bautista Saavedra, but he rejected the position, preferring to remain on the High Court.