The Liberal Party (Spanish: Partido Liberal, PL) was one of two major political parties in Bolivia in the late 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. The other was the Conservative Party. The Liberal Party was formally founded in 1883 by Eliodoro Camacho. The party espoused freedom of religion, a strict separation between church and state, legal acceptance of civil marriages and divorce, and strict adherence to democratic procedures. When the party took power in 1899, it moved the base of the presidency and the Congress to La Paz, which became the de facto capital city. The Supreme Court remained in Sucre. To this day, Sucre is the de jure capital of Bolivia while La Paz acts as the de facto seat of government.
Between 1899 and 1920, all of the Presidents of Bolivia were members of the Liberal Party, supported by the tin-mining oligarchy until the Republican Party took power in a coup in 1920.
By 1940, however, the party had formed a Concordance with their erstwhile Republican opponents to counter the rising tide of radical or revolutionary parties. A Concordance supported the candidate Enrique Peñaranda.[1]
In the 1951 elections, Tomás Manuel Elío ran for the Liberal Party but received far fewer votes than the winner.[2]
For the 1966 elections, the Liberal Party was a component of the Democratic Institutionalist Alliance, with the PURS's Enrique Hertzog as the coalition's presidential candidate. He polled 11,400 votes (01.13%) and came sixth. [3]
↑ Bustillos Vera, Jonny and Peñaranda Barrios, Carlos. Hechos y registros de la Revolución Nacional (1939-1946). La Paz, Bolivia: La Palabra, 1996. Pp.54-55.
José Manuel Inocencio Pando Solares was a Bolivian military officer who served as the 25th President of Bolivia from 1899 to 1904. Born in Luribay, he studied medicine, joined the army during the War of the Pacific against Chile (1879–80), and later dedicated himself to exploring his country's vast and thinly populated lowland forests. In the 1880s he joined the Liberal Party of Eliodoro Camacho, becoming its leader in 1894. Pando served as Congressional Representative from Chuquisaca during the administration of Severo Fernández (1896–99) and was the nucleus around which coalesced the increasingly more vocal and seditious efforts of the Liberal Party to topple the Conservatives from power.
Enrique Peñaranda del Castillo was a Bolivian general who served as the 38th president of Bolivia from 1940 until his overthrow in 1943. He previously served as commander-in-chief of the country's armed forces during the second half of the Chaco War (1932–1935).
José Enrique Hertzog Garaizábal was a Bolivian politician who served as the 42nd President of Bolivia from 1947 to 1949. He resigned in 1949, and died in exile in Argentina.
Mamerto Urriolagoitia Harriague was a Bolivian lawyer and politician who served as the 43rd president of Bolivia from 1949 to 1951. A member of the Republican Socialist Unity Party, he had previously served as the 26th vice president of Bolivia from 1947 to 1949 under President Enrique Hertzog.
The Socialist Republican Party, whose members were also known as "Saavedristas", was a political party in Bolivia. The Socialist Republican Party emerged on January 28, 1921, as the Republican Party was bifurcated on the same day Bautista Saavedra took office as President of the country. The Socialist Republican Party was formed by Saavedra's followers.
General elections were held in Bolivia on 10 March 1940, electing both a new President of the Republic and a new National Congress. The elections were the first in six years since 1934 and the first not to be annulled in nine years since the general election of 1931.
The Genuine Republican Party was founded in Bolivia in 1921 by José María Escalier and Daniel Domingo Salamanca Urey following a split in the Republican Party.
The Republican Socialist Unity Party was a political party founded on 10 November 1946 in Bolivia as the fusion of the Republican Socialist Party, the Genuine Republican Party, the United Socialist Party, and the Independent Socialist Party.
The Concordance was an electoral political alliance of the right-wing and traditionalist political parties in Bolivia.
The Antifascist Democratic Front was a political alliance of the traditionalist and left-wing parties in Bolivia.
The Authentic Revolutionary Party was a political party in Bolivia.
The Democratic Institutionalist Alliance was an electoral political alliance of the Liberal Party (PL) and the Republican Socialist Unity Party (PURS). The Democratic Institutionalist Alliance was established in 1966, for the 1966 presidential and congressional elections. It presented as its presidential candidate Enrique Hertzog Garaizabal (PURS) and Eduardo Montes y Montes (PL), as vice-presidential candidate.
The Nationalist Union of the People was a right-wing, pro-military electoral political alliance in Bolivia.
The Popular Movement for National Liberation was a left-wing political party in Bolivia. In 1972, Ramiro Velasco Romero split from the Revolutionary Left Movement and founded the Popular Movement for National Liberation.
The Democratic Alliance of National Revolution was a centrist electoral political alliance in Bolivia.
The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement–Alliance was a centrist electoral political alliance in Bolivia.
Bolivia has experienced more than 190 coups d'état and revolutions since its independence in 1825. Since 1950, Bolivia has seen the most coups of any other country. The last known attempt was in 1984, four years after the country's transition to democracy in 1980. However, the 2019 Bolivian political crisis which resulted in the resignation of President Evo Morales has been described by international observers and allies of Morales as a coup.
Enrique Peñaranda assumed office as the 38th President of Bolivia on 15 April 1940, and his term was terminated by a coup d'état on 20 December 1943. A general in the Chaco War, Peñaranda was brought forth by the traditional conservative political parties, sidelined since the end of the Chaco War, as their candidate in the 1940 general elections.
Enrique Hertzog assumed office as the 42nd president of Bolivia on 10 March 1947, and his term ended upon his resignation on 22 October 1949. A physician who served in various ministerial positions since the 1920s, Hertzog was elected as the head of the Republican Socialist Unity Party (PURS) ticket in the 1947 general elections.
Gabriel Gosálvez Tejada was a Bolivian politician, journalist, economist, and diplomat. Throughout his political career, Gosálvez held various ministerial officers and diplomatic posts as a member of the United Socialist Party. When that party merged into the Republican Socialist Unity Party, Gosálvez was presented as its presidential candidate in the 1951 general election.
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