| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Presidential election | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Turnout | 102.62% [lower-alpha 1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Boliviaportal |
General elections were held in Bolivia on 9 July 1978. [3] The elections were the first held since 1966, with several military coups taking place during the late 1960s and early 1970s. [3] Although Juan Pereda of the Nationalist Union of the People won the presidential elections according to official statements, more votes were cast than there were registered voters. [4] After examining a number of allegations of fraud and other irregularities, the National Electoral Court decided to annul the results on 19 July. [5] [6] The following day, Pereda was installed as President following a military coup. Pereda himself was overthrown by yet another military coup in November, which saw General David Padilla assume the presidency. [7] Fresh elections were held the following year, with Padilla transferring power to his democratically elected successor, Wálter Guevara.
Several alliances were formed for the elections: [8]
Juan Pereda was supported in his presidential bid by both the Nationalist Union of the People and the Nationalist Revolutionary Movement of the People, whilst René Bernal Escalante was the candidate of both the PDC–PRB alliance and the Eastern Rural Party. [9]
The official results were inconsistent; the reported total number of votes cast was 1,971,968, around 50,000 more than the number of registered voters (1,921,556), giving a turnout of 102.6%. However, the total of votes cast for each party and invalid votes was 1,990,671, nearly 20,000 higher than the reported total and representing a turnout of 103.6%. [9]
Party | Presidential candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nationalist Union of the People | Juan Pereda | 986,140 | 50.90 | |
Democratic and Popular Union | Hernán Siles Zuazo | 484,383 | 25.00 | |
Democratic Alliance of National Revolution | Víctor Paz Estenssoro | 213,622 | 11.03 | |
PDC–PRB | René Bernal Escalante | 167,131 | 8.63 | |
Revolutionary Nationalist Movement of the People | Juan Pereda | 40,905 | 2.11 | |
Revolutionary Left Front | Casiano Amurrio | 23,459 | 1.21 | |
Indian Movement Túpac Katari | Luciano Tapia Quisbert | 12,207 | 0.63 | |
Socialist Party | Marcelo Quiroga Santa Cruz | 8,323 | 0.43 | |
Eastern Rural Party | René Bernal Escalante | 1,171 | 0.06 | |
Total | 1,937,341 | 100.00 | ||
Valid votes | 1,937,341 | 97.32 | ||
Invalid/blank votes | 53,330 | 2.68 | ||
Total votes | 1,971,968 | – | ||
Registered voters/turnout | 1,921,556 | 102.62 | ||
Source: Nohlen |
The Christian Democratic Party is an ultraconservative political party in Bolivia.
The Revolutionary Party of the Nationalist Left was a left-wing political party in Bolivia. It was founded in 1963 by the labor leader Juan Lechín Oquendo and by Mario Torres Calleja and Edwin Moller in lesser roles. The PRIN seceded from the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR) in protest against Víctor Paz Estenssoro's decision to seek a third elected term as president in 1964, rather than permit then Vice-President Juan Lechín to have the MNR's presidential nomination.
The Bolivian Socialist Falange is a Bolivian political party established in 1937. It is a far-right party drawing inspiration from fascism. It was the country's second-largest party between approximately 1954 and 1974. After that, its followers have tended to gravitate toward the government-endorsed military candidacy of General Juan Pereda (1978) and, especially, toward the ADN party of former dictator Hugo Banzer.
General elections were held in Bolivia on 1 June 1997. As no candidate for the presidency received over 50% of the vote, the National Congress was required to elect a president on 4 August. Hugo Banzer of Nationalist Democratic Action (ADN) was subsequently elected. Whilst the ADN emerged as the largest party in Congress, it failed to win a majority of seats, and formed a coalition government with the Revolutionary Left Movement, Conscience of Fatherland and the Solidarity Civic Unity.
The Revolutionary Left Front is a political party in Bolivia, founded in 1978.
General elections were held in Bolivia on 7 May 1989. As no candidate for the presidency received over 50% of the vote, the National Congress was required to elect a president on 6 August. Although the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement had received the most votes, its candidate for President Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada was defeated by Jaime Paz Zamora of the Revolutionary Left Movement (MIR) in the congressional vote, despite the MIR only finishing third in the public vote.
General elections were held in Bolivia on 6 June 1993. As no candidate for the presidency received over 50% of the vote, the National Congress was required to elect a president on 4 August. Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada of the MNR-MRTKL alliance was subsequently elected unopposed.
General elections were held in Bolivia on 1 July 1979. As no candidate in the presidential elections received a majority of the vote, the National Congress was required to elect a President. However, the Congress failed to elect a candidate after three ballots and instead selected Senate leader Wálter Guevara to serve as Interim President for a year on 8 August. Guevara was later overthrown by a military coup led by Alberto Natusch on 31 October. Fresh elections were held in June 1980.
General elections were held in Bolivia on 29 June 1980, the third in three years. As no candidate in the presidential elections received a majority of the vote, the National Congress was required to elect a President on 6 August. With Hernán Siles Zuazo of the Democratic and Popular Union the favourite to win the Congressional ballot, the process was disrupted on 17 July by the military coup led by General Luis García Meza Tejada. However, Meza was pressured to resign on 4 August 1981, resulting in General Celso Torrelio becoming president. In July 1982 he was replaced by General Guido Vildoso, who was named by the high command to return the country to democratic rule. On 17 September 1982, during a general strike that brought the country close to civil war, the military decided to step down, to reconvene the National Congress elected in 1980, and to accept its choice of president. Accordingly, the National Congress revalidated the 1980 election results on 23 September and overwhelmingly elected Hernán Siles Zuazo as president on 5 October. He subsequently assumed the presidency on 10 October 1982.
General elections were held in Bolivia on 14 July 1985. As no candidate for the presidency received over 50% of the vote, the National Congress was required to elect a President on 4 August. Although Hugo Banzer of Nationalist Democratic Action (ADN) received the most public votes, Congress elected Víctor Paz Estenssoro of the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR).
General elections were held in Bolivia on 6 May 1951. Víctor Paz Estenssoro of the opposition Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR) received the most votes in the presidential election, but as he did not obtain an absolute majority, the National Congress was constitutionally obliged to elect a President on 6 August from the three candidates who received the most public votes. However, on 16 May a military junta assumed responsibility for the Government with Brigadier General Hugo Ballivián as President.
The Republican Socialist Unity Party was a political party founded on 10 November 1946 in Bolivia as the fusion of the Republican Socialist Party, the Genuine Republican Party, the United Socialist Party, and the Independent Socialist Party.
The Authentic Revolutionary Party was a political party in Bolivia.
The Popular Christian Movement was a political party in Bolivia, de facto controlled by the military junta.
The Nationalist Union of the People was a right-wing, pro-military electoral political alliance in Bolivia.
The Christian Democratic Union was a right-wing Christian-democratic political party in Bolivia.
The Barrientista Revolutionary Party was a right-wing "Barrientista" political party in Bolivia.
The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement–Alliance was a centrist electoral political alliance in Bolivia.
The Revolutionary Agrarian Movement of the Bolivian Peasantry was a right-wing Christian nationalist movement in Bolivia.
The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement–Julio was a pro-military political party in Bolivia.
LA PAZ, Bolivia (AP)— The National Election Court annulled Bolvia's July 9 presidential election Wednesday night and called for another vote within 180 days.