Coccolithophores, or coccolithophorids, are single-celled organisms which are part of the phytoplankton, the autotrophic (self-feeding) component of the plankton community. They form a group of about 200 species, and belong either to the kingdom Protista, according to Robert Whittaker's five-kingdom system, or clade Hacrobia, according to a newer biological classification system. Within the Hacrobia, the coccolithophores are in the phylum or division Haptophyta, class Prymnesiophyceae. Coccolithophores are almost exclusively marine, are photosynthetic, and exist in large numbers throughout the sunlight zone of the ocean.
Centrarchidae, better known as sunfishes, is a family of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the order Perciformes, native only to North America. There are eight universally included genera within the centrarchid family: Lepomis, Micropterus, Pomoxis (crappies), Enneacanthus, Centrarchus, Archoplites, Ambloplites, and Acantharchus. A genetic study in 2012 suggests that the highly distinct pygmy sunfishes of the genus Elassoma are also centrarchids.
Gasteracantha is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first named by Carl Jakob Sundevall in 1833. Species of the genus are known as spiny-backed orb-weavers, spiny orb-weavers, or spiny spiders. The females of most species are brightly colored with six prominent spines on their broad, hardened, shell-like abdomens. The name Gasteracantha is derived from the Greek gaster (γαστήρ), meaning "belly, abdomen", and akantha (άκανθα), meaning "thorn, spine". Spiny-backed orb-weavers are sometimes colloquially called "crab spiders" because of their shape, but they are not closely related to the true crab spiders. Other colloquial names for certain species include thorn spider, star spider, kite spider, or jewel spider.
Peripatopsis is a genus of South African velvet worms in the Peripatopsidae family. The number of legs in this genus ranges from as few as 16 pairs to as many as 25 pairs and varies within species when the number is greater than 18 pairs. Velvet worms in this genus feature a last pair of legs that is rudimentary or reduced in size, mainly in males. The feet in this genus feature three distal leg papillae: two anterior and one posterior.
Margaret M. Mitchell is an American biblical scholar and professor of early Christianity. She is currently Shailer Mathews Distinguished Service Professor at the University of Chicago Divinity School. Mitchell received her doctorate at the same institution in 1989, under the supervision of Hans Dieter Betz and Robert McQueen Grant. She also served as dean of the Divinity School from 2010 to 2015.
Caño Cristales is a Colombian river located in the Serranía de la Macarena, an isolated mountain range in the Meta Department. It is a tributary of the Guayabero River, itself a part of the Orinoco basin. Caño Cristales was found in 1969 by a group of cattle farmers. The river is commonly called the "River of Five Colors" or the "Liquid Rainbow," and is noted for its striking colors. The bed of the river from the end of July through November is variously colored yellow, green, blue, black, and especially red, the last caused by Rhyncholacis clavigera plants on the riverbed. In recent years, the river has become a tourist destination; there were more than 16,000 visitors in 2016.
Riedelia is a genus of diatoms known from the fossil record, comprising approximately eight species. Many of the species were originally described under the closely allied genus Hemiaulus. Paleontologists Hans-Joachim Schrader and Juliane Fenner, working with fossil specimens obtained from Leg 38 of the Deep Sea Drilling Program in the Norwegian and Greenland Seas, decided that several previous descriptions of diatoms belonging to Hemiaulus were rightfully placed on Riedelia. Schrader and Fenner note that while Hemiaulus diatoms have polygonal areolated valves, Riedelia valves are punctate with isolated punctae. Additionally, Riedelia typically have two spines, while Hemiaulus have only one. These characteristics were used to justify the placement of these species in Riedelia.
Peripatopsis clavigera, the Knysna velvet worm, is a species of velvet worm in the Peripatopsidae family. This species has 16 pairs of legs and ranges from 4 mm to 17 mm in length. Peripatopsis clavigera is found in subtropical or tropical moist montane forests of the Diepwalle Nature Reserve in South Africa.
Gasteracantha clavigera is a species of spider in the spiny orb-weaver genus Gasteracantha.
Roseofilum reptotaenium, also called coral killer, is a filamentous species of cyanobacteria. It is the pathogenic agent responsible for black band disease on Siderastrea siderea coral.
Chaetoceros coarctatus is a marine, unicellular species of planktonic diatom in the genus Chaetoceros, first described by Lauder in January 1864 using samples from the Hong Kong harbor. Like many diatoms, it is preyed upon by ctenophores. During warming periods of the Mediterranean Sea, this non-native species, first introduced through the Suez Canal, expands its range. Cell chains showcase pairs of posterior and anterior terminal setae, as well as intercalary setae, for anti-predatory mechanical protection and floating benefits. These silica appendages have spines, curved tips, and are longer those on other members of the Chaetoceros genus for higher survival benefits.
Ophiaster formosus is a marine, unicellular species of coccolithophore in the genus Ophiaster, first described by Gran in 1912.
Discosphaera tubifer is a marine, unicellular species of coccolithophore in the genus Discosphaera. It exhibits a very delicate structure and arrangement of coccoliths.
Hastigerinella is a marine, unicellular genus of foraminiferan. Its only species is Hastigerinella digitata, which measures about 2 mm (0.079 in).
Odontella sinensis, also known as the Chinese diatom, is a marine, unicellular species of diatom in the family Triceratiaceae.
Peripatopsis edenensis is a species of velvet worm in the family Peripatopsidae. This species is a clade in the P. clavigera species complex. This species has 16 pairs of legs, varies from slate black to charcoal, and ranges from 4 mm to 17 mm in length. Also known as the Eden velvet worm, this species is found in the Garden of Eden Nature Reserve and in forests along the coast of Western Cape province in South Africa.
Peripatopsis ferox is a species of velvet worm in the family Peripatopsidae. This species is a clade in the P. clavigera species complex. This species has 17 pairs of legs, varies from slate black to brown, and ranges from 17 mm to 28 mm in length. Also known as the Wilderness velvet worm, this species has an extensive distribution across many patches of forest in Western Cape province in South Africa.
Peripatopsis mellaria is a species of velvet worm in the family Peripatopsidae. This species is a clade in the P. clavigera species complex. This species has 17 pairs of legs, varies from slate black to charcoal, and ranges from 11 mm to 20 mm in length. Also known as the Outeniqua velvet worm, this species is found in forests along the coast in Western Cape province in South Africa.
Peripatopsis mira is a species of velvet worm in the family Peripatopsidae. This species is a clade in the P. clavigera species complex. This species has 17 pairs of legs, varies from slate black to charcoal, and is found on the south-facing slope of the Outeniqua mountain range in Western Cape province in South Africa.
Peripatopsis tulbaghensis is a species of velvet worm in the family Peripatopsidae. This species is dark brown with 17 pairs of legs and ranges from 8 mm to 32 mm in length. Also known as the Tulbagh velvet worm, this species is found in Groot Winterhoek mountain region in South Africa.
