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Starfish or sea stars are star-shaped echinoderms belonging to the class Asteroidea. Common usage frequently finds these names being also applied to ophiuroids, which are correctly referred to as brittle stars or basket stars. Starfish are also known as Asteroids due to being in the class Asteroidea. About 1,500 species of starfish occur on the seabed in all the world's oceans, from the tropics to frigid polar waters. They are found from the intertidal zone down to abyssal depths, 6,000 m (20,000 ft) below the surface.
The Valvatida are an order of starfish in the class Asteroidea, which contains 695 species in 172 genera in 17 families.
The Echinasteridae are a family of starfish in the monotypic order Spinulosida. The family includes eight genera and about 133 species found on the seabed in various habitats around the world.
The Asterinidae are a large family of sea stars in the order Valvatida.
The Asteriidae are a diverse family of Asteroidea in the order Forcipulatida. It is one of three families in the order Forcipulatida.
Goniasteridae constitute the largest family of sea stars, included in the order Valvatida. They are mostly deep-dwelling species, but the family also include several colorful shallow tropical species.
The Spinulosida are an order of sea stars containing at least 120 species in seven genera and two families.
The Brisingids are deep-sea-dwelling starfish in the order Brisingida.
Elasipodida is an order of sea cucumbers. They have numerous appendages, including conical papillae and leaf-like tentacles. Although many species are benthic, a number are pelagic, and may have their appendages modified to form sails or fins. Most members of the order inhabit deep-sea environments, like Enypniastes.
Cidaridae is a family of sea urchins in the order Cidaroida.
Archasteridae is a family of starfish found in shallow waters in the tropical Indo-Pacific region. The genus Astropus, previously included in this family, is now included in the genus Archaster with the single species, Astropus longipes, being accepted as Archaster lorioli Sukarno & Jangoux, 1977.
Hippasteria is one of 70 genera of sea star in the diverse family Goniasteridae.
Poraniidae is a family of starfishes in the order Valvatida.
Evoplosoma is a genus of deep-sea sea star in the family Goniasteridae.
Circeaster is a genus of abyssal sea stars in the family Goniasteridae.
Astroceramus is a genus of abyssal sea stars in the family Goniasteridae.
Apollonaster is a genus of abyssal sea stars in the family Goniasteridae. They can be identified by their bare abactinal plate surfaces and multiple accessory granule rows on their abactinal plates. To date, Apollonaster has been found in the tropical Atlantic region and Hawaiian Islands region oceans, with no other locations or species being known as of 2015.
Metrodira is a genus of starfish in the family Echinasteridae in the order Spinulosida.
Aleutihenricia is a genus of starfish in the family Echinasteridae in the order Spinulosida.
Dictyaster is a small genus of starfish in the family Echinasteridae in the order Spinulosida.
References
- 1 2 Mah, C. (2015). Mah CL (ed.). "Rhopiella Fisher, 1940". World Asteroidea database. World Register of Marine Species . Retrieved 2015-07-23.
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