Composition, Dimensions, and Geometry
Riesenstein is composed of Neogene Miocene (from 23 million years ago to 8 million years ago) quartzite. In contrast to quartzites produced by metamorphism, the Tertiary sedimentary quartzites were the product of intense weathering of local Triassic Buntsandstein sandstones in a tropical climate. This entailed bleaching of sandstone and silicification by movement of silica-saturated groundwater through the strata. Consequently, the rock is practically made completely of quartz, with very little porosity. [1] [2]
The megalith has an oblate rectangular cuboid shape. It has a maximum height of 4.7 m (15 ft), a maximum width of 4.6 m (15 ft), and it is approximately 1 m (3 ft 3 in) thick. A rough estimate of the surface area of the flat large side is 14 m2 (150 sq ft). Hence the Riesenstein has an above-ground volume of ca. 14 m3 (490 cu ft). Quartzite is composed wholly of quartz, which has a density of 2,648 kg/m3 (4,463 lb/cu yd). Therefore, the above-ground mass of the stone is ca. 37 metric tons (36 long tons). For comparison, the sarsen (also a kind of silicified sandstone that resulted from Cenozoic acid leaching) [3] stones of Stonehenge only weigh ca. 7 metric tons (6.9 long tons).
The weak, originally-horizontal bedding planes of the quartzite are now vertical, which rules out the stone being in a natural position. Furthermore, the surrounding area (in the wood) is covered with small blocks of quartzite, as are many other nearby hills, proving that Tertiary quartzite outcrops or is close to the surface in these places. Riesenstein is therefore unlikely to have been transported far, if at all.
Legends
Two legends are connected with the Riesenstein. [5] [6]
In the wide floodplain [of the Eder River], monks and men from the neighbouring villages built a large monastery. The building took a long time. Finally the Breitenau Monastery was finished and pious monks' song could be heard mixed with the first chimes of the monastery bells. For a long time a malicious giant on the Lotterberg hill had been watching the festivities. Now he couldn't hold back his anger and hate any more. He ripped up a huge rock and threw it with all his might at the monastery to reduce it to rubble. But in his haste he threw wrongly and the stone dropped before it passed the Ellenberg hill on the other side of the Eder River. The stone is still present and admonishes future generations to past events.
In a different story, two male giants had a fight over the giantess Nagathe, because they were both in love with her. Nagathe had moved in with the Giant Lothar on Lotterberg, but his rival Kunibert wouldn't accept this. Kunibert left his home at Heiligenberg and kidnapped Nagathe in front of Lothar. In a mad fury Lothar threw a large stone at his disappearing rival, but he missed and the stone was rammed into the soft ground. Because this story was often told, the stone was given the name "giant's stone".
Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument on Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire, England, two miles (3 km) west of Amesbury. It consists of an outer ring of vertical sarsen standing stones, each around 13 feet (4.0 m) high, seven feet (2.1 m) wide, and weighing around 25 tons, topped by connecting horizontal lintel stones. Inside is a ring of smaller bluestones. Inside these are free-standing trilithons, two bulkier vertical sarsens joined by one lintel. The whole monument, now ruinous, is aligned towards the sunrise on the summer solstice. The stones are set within earthworks in the middle of the densest complex of Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments in England, including several hundred tumuli.
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Heiligenburg Castle is a castle on the hill of Heiligenberg in the district of Schwalm-Eder-Kreis, Hesse, Germany.
Lotterberg is a 305 m (1,001 ft) (NHN) high hill between the villages of Wolfershausen and Deute in Schwalm-Eder-Kreis, Hesse, Germany.
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