Benedetto "Bettino" Craxi was an Italian politician,leader of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) from 1976 to 1993,and the 45th prime minister of Italy from 1983 to 1987. He was the first PSI member to become prime minister and the second from a socialist party to hold the office. He led the third-longest government in the Italian Republic and he is considered one of the most powerful and prominent politicians of the First Italian Republic.
Mani pulite was a nationwide judicial investigation into political corruption in Italy held in the early 1990s,resulting in the demise of the First Italian Republic and the disappearance of many political parties. Some politicians and industry leaders committed suicide after their crimes were exposed. Antonio Di Pietro was the main judicial figure in charge of the investigation. In some accounts,as many as 5,000 public figures fell under suspicion. At one point,more than half of the members of the Italian Parliament were under indictment,while more than 400 city and town councils were dissolved because of corruption charges. The estimated value of bribes paid annually in the 1980s by Italian and foreign companies bidding for large government contracts reached US$4 billion.
Amintore Fanfani was an Italian politician and statesman,who served as 32nd prime minister of Italy for five separate terms. He was one of the best-known Italian politicians after the Second World War and a historical figure of the left-wing faction of Christian Democracy. He is also considered one of the founders of the modern Italian centre-left.
The New Italian Socialist Party or New PSI,more recently styled as Liberal Socialists –NPSI,is a political party in Italy which professes a social-democratic ideology and claims to be the successor to the historical Italian Socialist Party,which was disbanded after the judiciary tempest of the early 1990s.
Luigi Ciriaco De Mita was an Italian politician and statesman who served as Prime Minister of Italy from April 1988 to July 1989.
Giovanni Spadolini was an Italian politician and statesman,who served as the 44th prime minister of Italy. He had been a leading figure in the Republican Party and the first head of a government to not be a member of Christian Democrats since 1945. He was also a newspaper editor,journalist and historian. He is considered a highly respected intellectual for his literary works and his cultural dimension.
Gianni De Michelis was an Italian politician,a member of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI),who served as minister in many Italian governments in the 1980s and early 1990s.
The Italian Socialist Party was a social-democratic and democratic-socialist political party in Italy,whose history stretched for longer than a century,making it one of the longest-living parties of the country. Founded in Genoa in 1892,the PSI was from the beginning a big tent of Italy's political left and socialism,ranging from the revolutionary socialism of Andrea Costa to the Marxist-inspired reformist socialism of Filippo Turati and the anarchism of Anna Kuliscioff. Under Turati's leadership,the party was a frequent ally of the Italian Republican Party and the Italian Radical Party at the parliamentary level,while lately entering in dialogue with the remnants of the Historical Left and the Liberal Union during Giovanni Giolitti's governments to ensure representation for the labour movement and the working class. In the 1900s and 1910s,the PSI achieved significant electoral success,becoming Italy's first party in 1919 and during the country's Biennio Rosso in 1921,when it was victim of violent paramilitary activities from the far right,and was not able to move the country in the revolutionary direction it wanted.
Vittorio Michele Craxi,commonly known as Bobo Craxi,is an Italian politician,son of the former Italian Prime Minister Bettino Craxi and brother of Stefania Craxi.
Fabrizio Cicchitto is an Italian politician,whose career has followed a trajectory from radical socialism to centre-right reformism.
Carlo Vizzini is an Italian politician. He was involved in the corruption scandal of Tangentopoli. Vizzini was found guilty but benefited from the statute of limitations and did not serve his sentence.
The Italian Socialists were a minor social-democratic political party in Italy active from 1994 to 1998. The party was the legal successor of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI),following its dissolution by the 47th Party Congress due to the severe financial crisis following the Tangentopoli scandal. A minoritarian group of the congress,who proposed an autonomist and centrist solution against the PSI dissolution,instead founded the Reformist Socialist Party.
Claudio Martelli is an Italian former politician and journalist. He is the editor-in-chief of the former Italian Socialist Party (PSI) newspaper Avanti! The right-hand man of Bettino Craxi,the PSI leader and Prime Minister of Italy from 1983 to 1987,Martelli was Deputy Prime Minister of Italy from 1989 to 1992 and Minister of Justice from 1991 to 1993,when he was implicated in the Tangentopoli scandal and left politics.
The Socialist Party was a tiny social-democratic political party in Italy.
The Association for the Rose in the Fist was a social-democratic political association in Italy. It was the so-called "third component" of the Rose in the Fist (RnP),a political alliance composed mainly of the Italian Democratic Socialists (SDI),a social-democratic party,and the Italian Radicals (Rad),a liberal movement.
The Italian Socialist Party is a social-democratic political party in Italy. The party was founded in 2007–2008 by the merger of the following social-democratic parties and groups:Enrico Boselli's Italian Democratic Socialists,the faction of the New Italian Socialist Party led by Gianni De Michelis,The Italian Socialists of Bobo Craxi,Democracy and Socialism of Gavino Angius,the Association for the Rose in the Fist of Lanfranco Turci,Socialism is Freedom of Rino Formica and some other minor organisations. Until October 2009,the party was known as Socialist Party.
The Pentapartito,commonly shortened to CAF,refers to the coalition government of five Italian political parties that formed between June 1981 and April 1991. The pro-European and Atlanticist coalition comprised the Christian Democracy (DC),the Italian Socialist Party (PSI),Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI),Italian Liberal Party (PLI),and Italian Republican Party (PRI).
Craxism is a political ideology based on the thought of Italian socialist leader Bettino Craxi,who was Prime Minister of Italy during the 1980s. Craxism was the informal doctrine of the Italian Socialist Party from 1976 to 1994,the year when both the First Republic and the PSI itself were dissolved due to corruption scandals.
Claudio Signorile is an Italian politician.
Enrico Manca was an Italian politician.
