The bishop's seat is in the Cattedrale di S. Donato in Pinerolo (which dates from the 9th century, and has an architecturally significant campanile). The city also has a former cathedral, now called the Chiesa San Verano ad Abbadia Alpina, It also has a minor basilica, the Basilica of San Maurizio, a Gothic church.
History
French conquest
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The ambitions of King Francis I of France with regard to the succession to the Duchy of Milan brought warfare into Savoy and Piedmont. The Emperor Charles V was likewise determined to retain the Duchy of Milan, and his strategy involved the occupation of Provence, making the mountain passes of Savoy of great military importance. This was especially the case at the end of the 17th century with the Duke of Savoy's fortress of Fenestrelle. French troops invaded Piedmont in 1536, and Pinerolo was conquered. The city and the diocese remained under French control until 1574. Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu launched a major campaign early in 1629, with the succession to the Duchy of Mantua as the pretext. They spent the Spring of 1629 in Susa, conducting a siege of Pinerolo, but, as it happened, the King fell deathly ill and had to withdraw.[1] In 1630, at the end of the siege, Louis XIII promised the Abbot of Pinerolo that he would outlaw the Waldensian cult, and that he would use his influence with the Vatican to have Pinerolo made a bishopric.[2] Pinerolo was officially handed over to France in 1631 with the treaty of Cherasco, which recognized Victor Amadeus I as the new Duke of Savoy, and was not freed until 1696.[3]
In October 1685 King Louis XIV issued the Edict of Fontainebleau, which cancelled the privileges which had been granted to the Protestants in the Edict of Nantes. On 12 October 1685 the King sent instructions to his ambassador in Turin, the Marquis d'Arcy, to issue the appropriate orders to the Seigneur d'Harleville, the royal agent in Pinerolo, to engage in efforts to convert the inhabitants of the nine valleys in which the Waldensians were permitted to live. The ambassador was also to encourage the Duke of Savoy, the protector of the Waldensians, to the same purpose.[4] Pinerolo thus became the center of efforts at conversion.
Victor Amadeus II, Duke of Savoy, Marquis of Saluzzo, Duke of Montferrat, Prince of Piedmont, Count of Aosta, Moriana and Nice, was recognized as King of Sardinia in 1720.
In 1743, Carlo Emanuele III established in Pinerolo the Ospizio dei Catecumeni, an institute for those who were converting to the Catholic faith. By decree of the French Republic of 29 January 1799, the institution was suppressed and converted into a charity hospital. It was reestablished after the overthrow of the French, though as the 19th century progressed, increasingly liberal attitudes directed the institution more and more in the direction of charity and less in that of catechetization.[5]
This included territory from the suppressed Abbacy nullius of Santa Maria ad Abbadia Alpina. It was founded in 1064 by Adelaide, Princess of Susa, in Abbadia Alpina, less than two miles west of Pinerolo, which was part of the Marca di Torino (March of Turin). The lands belonging to the abbey[7] were governed by the abbots of Pinerolo, even after the city had established itself as a commune (1200). From 1235, however, Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy exercised over the town a kind of protectorate, which in 1243 became absolute, and was exercised thereafter by the house of Savoy.
In creating the diocese, Pope Benedict XIV noted that the King of Sardinia had ceded to the new diocese his rights over the monastery of Oulx, and had given the palace of the Governor in Pinerolo to be used as the episcopal residence and seminary.[8] The new bishop, Giovanni Battista D'Orlié, however, judged that the palace was not appropriate for a seminary. In 1753 the new diocese received the bequest of his palazzo in Pinerolo from Count Luigi Piccone, the former Governor of Pinerolo and of the city and province of Asti. The bishop was able to preside over the solemn opening of the new seminary on 23 May 1753.[9]
The Chapter of the Collegiate Churches of S. Donato and of S. Maurizio was founded perhaps as early as 1024, and it was certainly functioning as a single body by 1278. They were certainly secular canons by the 14th century, though some have argued that they were originally regular canons. There were four canons and a provost. In a document of 1475 it is made clear that they did not live in common, but had separate residences (domus canonicales).[10] By 1626 the number of canons was seven, and by 1648 the number had risen to twelve. At the time of the creation of the diocese in 1748, there were eighteen canons.[11]
In 1796 Piedmont was seized by the armies of the French Directory, the King driven into exile in Sardinia, and a Republic of Piedmont was declared. By a decree of 12 April 1801, the First Consul of the French Republic, N. Bonaparte, declared the Republic of Piedmont united to the French state, and divided it into six departements. The decree also made the French language obligatory. Pinerolo became part of the Department of Eridanus, and four Administrators General of the department were named; Pinerolo received a Sub-Prefect, who held office until the Bourbon Restoration in 1814. By a decree of 31 August 1802, religious corporations were abolished, and the Augustinians, the Capuchins, the Clarisses, and the Feuillants were expelled. The Salesian Sisters had already been ordered from their monastery in 1799. The Badia of Santa Maria was closed, and the church of San Francesco, which was in bad condition, was sold at public auction in 1802, and razed to the ground; its tombs, including that of Duke Carlo I of Savoy, were despoiled. On 11 September 1803 a Senatus Consultum made the annexation of Piedmont to the French state permanent.[16]
Following the Concordat of 1801 between Bonaparte and Pope Pius VII, the Pope issued a bull, Gravissimis causis (1 June 1803),[17] in which the number of dioceses in Piedmont was reduced to eight: Turin, Vercelli, Ivrea, Acqui, Asti, Mondovi, Alessandria and Saluzzo. In 1805, by an imperial decree of the Emperor of the French, Napoleon I Bonaparte, the papal bull was put into effect and the diocese of Pinerolo was suppressed, and its territory merged into the diocese of Saluzzo.
On 2 April 1808 two major earthquakes struck the western Piedmont, with Pinerolo close to the epicenter. More than 400 houses were rendered unlivable. Aftershocks continued for seven months.[18]
Restoration
After the defeat of Napoleon and the return of Pope Pius VII from his French imprisonment, the Congress of Vienna promoted the restoration of the Kingdom of Sardinia and the Papal States (with some exceptions) to their rightful owners. In both cases the chaos caused by the French occupation had to be undone, and both Victor Emanuel I and Pius VII needed support in asserting their legitimacy and authority. Through Count Giuseppe Barbaroux, the envoy of the King, and Cardinal Enrico Consalvi, the Papal Secretary of State, it was agreed that a reorganization of the Church in the Piedmont was essential. The culmination of negotiations was a bull issued by the Pope on 17 July 1817, Beati Petri,[19] which was promulgated in November, fortified by the royal Exequatur and a decree of the Royal Senate, re-erecting all of the dioceses in the Piedmont and redrawing their diocesan boundaries.[20] In Pinerolo the proclamation was carried out by Pietro Antonio Cirio, Canon of the Cathedral Chapter of Turin and Subdelegatus Apostolicus, on 9 November 1817. An inscribed tablet on the façade of the Cathedral of S. Donato commemorates the event.[21]
On 15 January 1818 Bishop Bigex reopened the Major Seminary, and established a minor seminary which was later converted into the collegio concitto civico.[22]
Diocesan synods
A diocesan synod was an irregularly held, but important, meeting of the bishop of a diocese and his clergy. Its purpose was (1) to proclaim generally the various decrees already issued by the bishop; (2) to discuss and ratify measures on which the bishop chose to consult with his clergy; (3) to publish statutes and decrees of the diocesan synod, of the provincial synod, and of the Holy See.[23]
The first diocesan synod was held by Bishop d'Orlié on 14—16 September 1762, and dealt with all the usual topics, especially the administration of the sacraments (ordering specially that the Blessed Sacrament be kept at the high altar of each church) and the conduct of the clergy (who were specially forbidden to play the high-stakes gambling card game called bassetta). Sixty-seven synodal examiners were appointed. The statutes of the synod remained in force until 1842.[24]
Bishop François-Marie Bigex held a diocesan synod in Pinerolo in the Cathedral of S. Donato from 21 to 23 September 1819. The participants included the Father Guardian and the Vicar of the Capucins, the only religious order of men which had been re-established at the time. In the last session of the synod, there was unexpected dissension on the part of some of the clergy at the severity of the new canons.[25]
Another synod was held from 21 to 21 September 1842 by Bishop Andreas Charvaz. whose statutes provided an example for the rest of northern Italy of rigor without severity and without excessive indulgence tending toward licence. The conversion of the Waldenses was promoted, and warnings were issued about unauthorized Italian translations of the Bible, containing controversial passages and interpretations. The authority of the pope as supreme pastor in the entire world was defended.[26]
Bishops of Pinerolo
Giovanni Battista D'Orlié de Saint Innocent, C.R.S.A. (1749–1794)[27]
In 2021, the Diocese of Pinerolo pastorally served approximately 77,950 Catholics (81.5% of a total population of approximately 95,700) in 62 parishes[47] with 79 priests (56 diocesan, 23 religious), 15 deacons, and 150 lay religious (27 brothers, 192 sisters).[48] On 3 March 2018 the Bishop of Pinerolo ordained two new priests.
↑ Caffara I, p. 447. These lands included Pinerolo, Riva, Baudenasca, Abbadia, S. Pietro Val Lemina, Talucco, Porte, Villar-Perosa, Tagliaretto, Pinasca, Perosa, Meano, S. Secondo, Miradola, Turina, Pomaretto, Faetto and Riclaretto, Perrero, S. Martino, Massel, Chiabrano and Maniglia, Rodoretto, and Praly.
↑ Caffara I, pp. 554–558. For anti-Waldensian attitudes, see: Bert, pp. 272–279.
↑ Born in 1709, D'Orlié was a native of Chambéry, the son of Marquis Guillaume de Saint Innocent. He was a doctor in theology and Canon Law of the University of Turin (1732). He had been Provost of the Collegiate Church of San Lorenzo d'Oulx. He was presented by the King of Sardinia as his candidate for the diocese of Pinerolo on 9 April 1749, and preconised (approved) by Pope Benedict XIV on 5 May 1749. He was consecrated a bishop in Rome by Cardinal Carlo Cavalchini on 11 May 1749, and took possession of his diocese by procurator on 25 May, making his solemn entry into the diocese on 29 June. He died in the evening of 2 September 1794, at the age of 85. Caffara I, pp. 453–472. Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VI, p. 338 with note 2.
↑ The Vicar Capitular, who administered the diocese, was the Canon Treasurer of the Cathedral Chapter, Giovanni Domenico Cle-Raisini. Caffara I, p. 471.
↑ Grimaldi was orn in Moncalieri (diocese of Turin) in 1754, and obtained a doctorate from the University of Turin in 1778. He was Rector of the diocesan seminary in Vercelli. He was nominated to the diocese of Pinerolo by the King of Sardinia on 14 June 1797, and preconised by Pope Pius VI on 24 July. He was consecrated in Rome by Cardinal Hyacinthe Gerdil on 6 August 1797. He resigned the See of Pinerolo, which was abolished (suppressed) by Pope Pius VII on 30 May 1803. He was transferred to the diocese of Ivrea (Italy) on 2 February 1805. On 1 October 1817 he was named Metropolitan Archbishop of Vercelli (Italy). He died on 1 January 1830. Caffara I, pp. 472–480. Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VI, p. 338 with note 3; VII, pp. 225, 393.
↑ The territory of the suppressed diocese of Pinerolo was united with that of the diocese of Saluzzo by a decree of Napoleon Bonaparte on 28 March 1805 and another of 8 May 1806. Della Marmora was Bishop of the diocese from 1 January 1805. His administration lasted until 9 December 1817. Caffara I, pp. 487–500.
↑ Bigex born in Balme de Thuy (Geneva) in 1751, and studied in Evian and Thonon and then with the Sulpicians in Paris, ultimately becoming a doctor of the Sorbonne. He served as Vicar General of the bishop of Geneva, until he and Bishop Joseph-Marie Paget fled into exile in Turin at the Revolution (1791–1801). After the end of the Republic, he served as Vicar General of Bishop Irénée-Yves Desolle of Chambéry. His name was suggested for the Archbishopric of Aix in 1817, but the King of Sardinia intervened. Bigex was nominated Bishop of Pinerolo by King Vittorio Emmanuele I, and preconised by Pope Pius VII on 1 October 1817. He was consecrated in Turin on 23 November 1817 by Cardinal Paolo Solaro. He took possession of his diocese by proxy on 9 December. Bigex was next appointed Metropolitan Archbishop of Chambéry (France) in the Consistory of 20 March 1824 by Pope Pius VII. He died in Chambéry on 19 February 1827. Caffara, pp. 505–524. Ritzler-Sefrin, VII, pp. 147, 307.
↑ Rey was born in Megevette (Belleveaux, France) in 1770. he was nominated bishop of Pinerolo by King Carlo Felice, and was preconised in the Consistory of 24 May 1824 by Pope Leo XII. He was consecrated in Chambéry by Bishop Bigex. On 2 July 1832 he was transferred by Pope Gregory XVI to the diocese of Annecy (France), having been nominated by the King on 13 June 1832. He died on 31 January 1842. Jacques Ruffin (1858). Vie de Pierre Joseph Rey, Evèque d'Annecy (in French). Paris: Vrayet. Caffara, pp. 525–540. Ritzler-Sefrin, VII, pp. 147, 307.
↑ Charvaz was born at Hautecour (between Albertville and Aosta, in Savoy, France) in 1793. He studied in Chambéry and at the College of the Provinces in Turin; he was made a doctor of theology by the University of Turin. He became Private Secretary of Bishop Bigex of Chambéry, Chancellor of the Curia, and then Vicar General. He was responsible for the education of the sons of Carlo Alberto of Savoy. He was nominated bishop of Pinerolo by Carlo Alberto in September 1833, and preconised by Pope Gregory XVI on 20 January 1834. He was consecrated in Chambéry on 9 March 1834 by the Archbishop, Antoine Martinet, and made his solemn entry into his diocese on 31 March. He resigned during the Revolution of 1848, to whose reforms he was inflexibly opposed, on 9 May 1848; the resignation was accepted by Pope Pius IX, who was also in flight from the democratic revolution in Rome. He was named Titular Archbishop of Sebastea (1848–1852), and then Metropolitan Archbishop of Genova (Genoa, Italy) on 27 September 1852. Charvaz died on 18 October 1870 in his villa at Mont Saint Michel (Moûtiers, Tarentaise). Carutti, p. 578. Caffara, pp. 541–564. Ritzler-Sefrin, VII, p. 307; VIII, pp. 316, 506.
↑ Grimaldi was born in Turin in 1808, the third of nine children. He studied at the Accademia Solaro in Turin. In 1833 he was named a Canon of the Collegiate Chapter of SS. Trinità at Corpus Domini in Turin. In July 1848 he was nominated bishop of Pinerolo by King Carlo Alberto, and was preconised by Pope Pius IX on 11 December. He was consecrated a bishop on 20 May 1849 in the Church of Corpus Domini in Turin by Bishop Giovanni Losana of Biella. On 10 June 1849 he took possession of his diocese. He died on 23 July 1873. Carutti, p. 578. Caffara, pp. 565–579. Ritzler-Sefrin, VIII, p. 455.
↑ Vassarotti was born at Castagnole-Piemonte in 1815. He studied at the local collegio in Pinerolo, then at the seminary in Turin. He was appointed bishop of Pinerolo by Pope Pius IX in the Consistory of 22 December 1873, and was consecrated a bishop on 24 February 1874 in the church of SS. Solutore Avventore ed Ottavio in Turin by the Archbishop of Turin, Lorenzo Gastaldi. He reformed the seminary of Pinerolo and tripled the number of students. He recalled the Oblates of Mary to the diocese. He died in Pinerolo on 25 August 1881, and was buried in his home town. The Canon-Provost, Silvino Allemandi, was elected Vicar Capitular during the sede vacante. Caffara, pp. 580–587. Ritzler-Sefrin, VIII, p. 455.
↑ Chiesa was born at Montà d'Alba in 1839. He was consecrated in Rome on 20 November 1881. He was transferred to the diocese of Casale on 26 May 1886, while continuing to serve as Administrator of the diocese of Pinerolo. He died on 4 November 1886 at Montà d'Alba. Carutti, p. 578. Caffara, pp. 588–593. Ritzler-Sefrin, VIII, p. 455. Diocesi di Pinerolo, Cronologia dei vescovi; retrieved: 2018-05-03. (in Italian)
↑ Sardi was born in Rochetta-Tanaro in 1825. He was Archdeacon of the Cathedral Chapter of Asti, and Vicar General of the Bishop of Asti. He was named Bishop of Pinerolo on 7 June 1886, and was consecrated in Rome on 13 June 1886 by Cardinal Raffaele Monaco La Valletta. He made his solemn entry into his diocese on 13 February 1887. He died on 21 or 22 January 1894. Carutti, p. 578. Diocesi di Pinerolo, Cronologia dei vescovi (2016); retrieved: 2018-05-03. (in Italian)
↑ Rossi was born at Cavallermaggiore (Cuneo) in 1838. He was appoionted Bishop of Pinerolo by Pope Leo XIII on 18 May 1894, and was consecrated a bishop in Rome on 27 May by Cardinal Angelo Bianchi. He died in Pinerolo on 19 August 1922. Carutti, p. 578. Diocesi di Pinerolo, Cronologia dei vescovi (2016); retrieved: 2018-05-03. (in Italian)
↑ A native of Pianezza (Torino), Bartolomasi had previously been an Auxiliary Bishop of Torino, and was then appointed a bishop in the Italian Military Ordinate in 1915, to deal with the needs of soldiers during World War I. He was named Bishop of Trieste and Capodistria on 15 December 1919. He was transferred to the diocese of Pinerolo on 11 December 1922 by Pope Pius XI. On April 23, 1929 he was named Archbishop of the Military Ordinate of Italy; he resigned on 28 October 1944. He died in Pianezza on 28 February 1959. Diocesi di Pinerolo, Cronologia dei vescovi (2016); retrieved: 2018-05-03. (in Italian)
↑ Binaschi: Carutti, p. 578. Diocesi di Pinerolo, Cronologia dei vescovi (2016); retrieved: 2018-05-03. (in Italian)
↑ Santo Quadri was appointed Titular Bishop oVilla nova (17 March 1964) to qualify him to be Auxiliary Bishop of Pinerolo (17 March 1964–11 October 1966), at which point he was named Apostolic Administrator of the diocese. He was named Bishop of Terni-Narni-Amelia on 10 February 1973. He was then appointed the 'last' Metropolitan Archbishop of Modena (Italy) (1983.05.31 – 1986.09.30) and last Abbot Ordinary of Territorial Abbacy of Nonantola (Italy) (1983–1986), (sees merged) first Metropolitan Archbishop of Modena–Nonantola (Italy) (30 September 1986). He retired on 12 April 1996. Quadri died on 17 October 2008.
↑ Giustetti succeeded Santo Quadri as Administrator of the diocese of Pinerolo, with the rank of Titular Bishop of Celene (7 January 1972–21 March 1974). He was then appointed Bishop of Pinerolo on 21 March 1974. Diocesi di Pinerolo, Cronologia dei vescovi (2016); retrieved: 2018-05-03. (in Italian)
↑ Giustetti was transferred to the diocese of Mondovì (Italy) by Pope Paul VI (17 December 1975). On 3 December 1986 he was appointed Bishop of Biella (Italy). He retired on 13 July 2001, and died on 3 December 2006. Diocesi di Pinerolo, Cronologia dei vescovi (2016); retrieved: 2018-05-03. (in Italian)
↑ Bishop Giachetti died in 2006: Diocesi di Pinerolo, Cronologia dei vescovi (2016); retrieved: 2018-05-03. (in Italian)
↑ Debernardi: Diocesi di Pinerolo, Cronologia dei vescovi (2016); retrieved: 2018-05-03. (in Italian)
↑ Olivero had been Vicar General of the diocese of Pinerolo from 2012 to 2017. He was consecrated a bishop on 8 October 2017 by Archbishop Cesare Nosiglia of Turin. He made his formal entry into the diocese on 15 October. Diocesi di Pinerolo, Il vescovo (2017); retrieved: 2018-05-03. (in Italian)
Carutti, Domenico Carutti (1897). Storia di Pinerolo (in Italian). Pinerolo: Chiantore-Mascarelli. pp.577–578.
Mezzadri, Luigi; Maurizio Tagliaferri; Elio Guerriero (2008). Le diocesi d'Italia (in Italian). Vol.III. Cinisello Balsamo (Milano): San Paolo. pp.956 ff. ISBN978-88-215-6172-6.
Indiocesi, Giornale degli insegnanti di religione della diocesi di Pinerolo ("Indiocesi.it è un giornale locale di ispirazione cattolica, a diffusione gratuita, che si pone come obiettivo di divulgare il pensiero cristiano inerente le tematiche esistenziali e di attualità, in dialogo con altre ispirazioni culturali e religiose.") (in Italian) [appears to have ceased on-line publication in May 2010]
Diocesi di Pinerolo, Vita diocesana pinerolese; retrieved: 2018-03-12. [diocesan newspaper: Vita S.r.l. Redazione e Amministrazione – Via Vescovado, 1 – 10064 Pinerolo (TO)]
Papal bull Beati Petri, in Bullarii Romani Continuatio. Pii VII. continens Pontificatum ab anno XVI usque ad finem (in Latin). Vol.Tomus septimus, Pars II. Prati: Typogr. Aldina. 1852. pp.1490–1503.
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