| Royal Ann cherry | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Genus | Prunus |
| Species | Prunus avium |
| Cultivar | 'Royal Ann' |
The Royal Ann or Royal Anne (also called Napoleon, Napoleon Bigarreau and Queen Anne) is a variety of cherry, similar in appearance and taste to the Rainier cherry. [1]
| Royal Ann cherry | |
|---|---|
| | |
| Genus | Prunus |
| Species | Prunus avium |
| Cultivar | 'Royal Ann' |
The Royal Ann or Royal Anne (also called Napoleon, Napoleon Bigarreau and Queen Anne) is a variety of cherry, similar in appearance and taste to the Rainier cherry. [1]
Royal Ann cherry trees are perennial semi-dwarfs that bloom early April with harvest in mid-summer. [2] They are deciduous trees that can be characterized by dark green leaves and clusters of small fragrant white flowers that are about 2.5-3 centimeters wide. [3] Royal Ann flowers are hermaphroditic, containing both male and female reproductive organs, however, the tree cannot self-pollinate. Another pollinator species is necessary in order for fertilization to occur, most commonly bees. [3] Each flower goes on to produce a single Royal Ann cherry. A mature fruit producing Royal Ann tree is about 12–15 feet in height. [4] The trees prefer a half to full day of sun, and soil with good drainage. [4] Royal Ann trees require a temperate climate, where the average winter temperature does not drop below 10 degrees Fahrenheit. [4]
Royal Ann cherries are fleshy stone fruits [5] similar in size to most cherry varieties, and are yellow to light pink colored. [6] Royal Ann fruits are often mistaken for Rainier cherries because of their similar appearance and taste. [2] Trees produce fruit within 1–3 years after planting and are considered fully mature around 8 years old. [2] Royal Ann trees can produce up to 50 pounds of cherries per season. [2]
Cherries are famous for containing high levels of antioxidants, which are substances that inhibit oxidation in living organisms. [7] Sweet cherries, like the Royal Ann are also high in sugars, like glucose, fructose, sucrose, and sorbitol. [8] Organic acids in sweet cherries include malic, citric, shikimic, and fumaric. [8]
Stone fruits are known to contain toxic compounds that produce hydrogen cyanide, which is toxic or lethal in large doses. [3] These compounds can be found in the bark, flowers, seeds, and leaves of cherry trees. [3] Children have been poisoned in the past by eating or swallowing large amounts of seeds. [3] Livestock have been killed by grazing on branches and leaves. [3]
It is thought that cherries first originated in Turkey, near the Black Sea. Cultivation has been credited to the Greeks who helped the fruit spread through the Roman Empire and to England, [3] where cherry trees were used as a food source and also for timber. [9]
Sweet cherry trees were initially taken to the United States with the colonists in 1629. [3] In 1847, Henderson Lewelling took 700 fruit trees of Napoleon Bigarreau from Iowa to Oregon’s Willamette Valley to start a cherry orchard. Seth Lewelling joined his brother Henderson in 1850, he renamed the tree 'Royal Ann'. Seth later developed the Bing cherry. [10]
Sweet cherry trees are labeled as being very delicate and finicky. They are not a popular choice for growing with hobby gardeners because they can be very time consuming. Tips for facilitating growth and harvesting include bending the branches. [4]
Sweet cherry trees grow vertically very quickly, as more nutrients from sunlight means a higher yield of fruits. [4] However, the more vertical the tree is, the more foliage there is on the tree rather than fruit. [4] By bending the branches at an angle of 30-60 degrees in relation to the trunk and anchoring them to the ground, the tree will produce more fruit and fewer leaves. [4] Research findings show that bending branches slows the release of hormones coursing through the tree that are essential for fruit growth. [4]
Birds are the most common pest of cherry trees, seeking the sweet fruits. [6] Birds can be repelled by using netting to cover trees in an orchard or deploying flash tape to scare them away. [6]
Bacterial canker is a disease that can afflict all cherry trees, including Royal Ann trees. [6] Signs of the disease include dead branches and brown colored damaged spots on branches or the trunk. [6] Bacterial canker can be deterred by applying a copper spray to the trees in the fall and winter months. [6]
Another common problem is rain splitting. [11] This happens when the cherries are near ripe, and full of nutrients. With an excess of water intake, the skin of the fruit can no longer hold all of the nutrients and fluids and bursts open. [12]
Because of their firm and fleshy traits, Royal Ann cherries are ideal for home commercial and home canning. [2] They’re often used for making pies, sauces, and jams because of their natural sweetness. [2] Because Royal Ann cherries are so fragile, they make a great option for canning because the fruit is not being selected based on appearances as if it were freshly picked. Bruised Royal Ann cherries will taste the same mashed into a pie or in canned preserves.
Royal Ann cherries are also the ideal variety used to make maraschino cherries for cocktails and dishes. [13] Royal Ann cherries are also excellent and sweet eaten fresh on their own.
A cherry is the fruit of many plants of the genus Prunus, and is a fleshy drupe.
Rambutan is a medium-sized tropical tree in the family Sapindaceae. The name also refers to the edible fruit produced by this tree. The rambutan is native to Southeast Asia. It is closely related to several other edible tropical fruits, including the lychee, longan, pulasan, and quenepa.
Prunus is a genus of trees and shrubs in the flowering plant family Rosaceae that includes plums, cherries, peaches, nectarines, apricots, and almonds. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, being native to the North American temperate regions, the neotropics of South America, and temperate and tropical regions of Asia and Africa, There are 340 accepted species. Many members of the genus are widely cultivated for their fruit and for decorative purposes. Prunus fruit are drupes, or stone fruits. The fleshy mesocarp surrounding the endocarp is edible while the endocarp itself forms a hard, inedible shell called the pyrena. This shell encloses the seed, which is edible in some species, but poisonous in many others. Besides being eaten off the hand, most Prunus fruit are also commonly used in processing, such as jam production, canning, drying, and the seeds for roasting.
Prunus cerasus is a species of Prunus in the subgenus Cerasus (cherries), native to much of Europe, North Africa and West Asia. It is closely related to the sweet cherry, but has a fruit that is more acidic. Its sour pulp is edible.
A fruit tree is a tree which bears fruit that is consumed or used by animals and humans — all trees that are flowering plants produce fruit, which are the ripened ovaries of flowers containing one or more seeds. In horticultural usage, the term "fruit tree" is limited to those that provide fruit for human food. Types of fruits are described and defined elsewhere, but would include "fruit" in a culinary sense, as well as some nut-bearing trees, such as walnuts.
Pollination of fruit trees is required to produce seeds with surrounding fruit. It is the process of moving pollen from the anther to the stigma, either in the same flower or in another flower. Some tree species, including many fruit trees, do not produce fruit from self-pollination, so pollinizer trees are planted in orchards.
Mangosteen, also known as the purple mangosteen, is a tropical evergreen tree with edible fruit native to Island Southeast Asia, from the Malay Peninsula to Borneo. It has been cultivated extensively in tropical Asia since ancient times. It is grown mainly in Southeast Asia, southwest India and other tropical areas such as Colombia, Puerto Rico and Florida, where the tree has been introduced. The tree grows from 6 to 25 m tall.
Castanea sativa, the sweet chestnut, Spanish chestnut or just chestnut, is a species of tree in the family Fagaceae, native to Southern Europe and Asia Minor, and widely cultivated throughout the temperate world. A substantial, long-lived deciduous tree, it produces an edible seed, the chestnut, which has been used in cooking since ancient times.
Fruit wines are fermented alcoholic beverages made from a variety of base ingredients ; they may also have additional flavors taken from fruits, flowers, and herbs. This definition is sometimes broadened to include any alcoholic fermented beverage except beer. For historical reasons, mead, cider, and perry are also excluded from the definition of fruit wine.
The damson or damson plum, also archaically called the "damascene", is an edible drupaceous fruit, a subspecies of the plum tree. Varieties of insititia are found across Europe, but the name damson is derived from and most commonly applied to forms that are native to Great Britain. Damsons are relatively small ovoid plum-like fruit with a distinctive, somewhat astringent taste, and are widely used for culinary purposes, particularly in fruit preserves and jams.
The tamarillo is a small tree or shrub in the flowering plant family Solanaceae. It is best known as the species that bears the tamarillo, an egg-shaped edible fruit. It is also known as the tree tomato, tomate de árbol, tomate andino, tomate serrano, blood fruit, poor man's tomatoe, tomate de yuca, tomate de españa, sachatomate, berenjena, chilto and tamamoro in South America, tyamtar, rambheda or rukh tamatar in Nepal, and terong Belanda in Indonesia. It is popular globally, especially in Peru, Colombia, New Zealand, Ecuador, Nepal, Rwanda, Burundi, Australia, and Bhutan.
Prunus cerasifera is a species of plum known by the common names cherry plum and myrobalan plum. It is native to Southeast Europe and Western Asia, and is naturalised in the British Isles and scattered locations in North America. Also naturalized in parts of SE Australia where it is considered to be a mildly invasive weed of bushland near urban centers. P. cerasifera is believed to one of the parents of the Cultivated Plum, Prunus domestica perhaps crossing with the sloe, Prunus spinosa, or perhaps the sole parent. This would make it a parent of most of the commercial varieties of plum in the UK and mainland Europe - Victoria, greengages, bullace etc.
Arbutus unedo, commonly known as strawberry tree, or chorleywood in the United Kingdom, is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the family Ericaceae, native to the Mediterranean Basin and Western Europe. The tree is well known for its fruits, the arbutus berry, which bear some resemblance to the strawberry, hence the common name strawberry tree. However, it is not closely related to true strawberries of the genus Fragaria.
Morus rubra, commonly known as the red mulberry, is a species of mulberry native to eastern and central North America. It is found from Ontario, Minnesota, and Vermont south to southern Florida, and west as far as southeastern South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, and central Texas. There have been reports of isolated populations in New Mexico, Idaho, and British Columbia.
Bing is a cultivar of the wild or sweet cherry that originated in the Pacific Northwest, in Milwaukie, Oregon, United States. The Bing remains a major cultivar in Oregon, Washington, California, Wisconsin and British Columbia. It is the most produced variety of sweet cherry in the United States.
Monilinia fructicola is a species of fungus in the order Helotiales. A plant pathogen, it is the causal agent of brown rot of stone fruits.
Arbutus andrachne, commonly called the Greek strawberry tree, is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the family Ericaceae, native to the Mediterranean region and the Middle East.
Boscia senegalensis, commonly known as hanza, is a member of the family Capparaceae.
Joseph Hamilton Lambert, was an American pioneer of Oregon and an orchardist who developed the Lambert cherry. A native of Indiana, he also served as a county commissioner in Multnomah and Clackamas counties in Oregon.
Leucostoma canker is a fungal disease that can kill stone fruit. The disease is caused by the plant pathogens Leucostoma persoonii and Leucostoma cinctum (teleomorph) and Cytospora leucostoma and Cytospora cincta (anamorphs). The disease can have a variety of signs and symptoms depending on the part of the tree infected. One of the most lethal symptoms of the disease are the Leucostoma cankers. The severity of the Leucostoma cankers is dependent on the part of the plant infected. The fungus infects through injured, dying or dead tissues of the trees. Disease management can consist of cultural management practices such as pruning, late season fertilizers or chemical management through measures such as insect control. Leucostoma canker of stone fruit can cause significant economic losses due to reduced fruit production or disease management practices. It is one of the most important diseases of stone fruit tree all over the world.
| Sweet (Bigaroon, Mazzard) |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Sour (Amarelle, Morello) | ||
| Other edible | ||
