Ruminococcus torques

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Ruminococcus torques
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Bacteria
Kingdom: Bacillati
Phylum: Bacillota
Class: Clostridia
Order: Oscillospirales
Family: Oscillospiraceae
Genus: Ruminococcus
Species:
R. torques
Binomial name
Ruminococcus torques
Holdeman and Moore 1974

Ruminococcus torques is a gram-positive, spherical-to-oval-shaped bacterium. [1] It is anerobic and non-motile. [1] It was discovered by Holdeman and Moore in 1974. [1]

Contents

R. torques is a mucin degrader and has been associated with inflammatory bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, gut inflammation, and the early stages of colorectal cancer. [2] [3] [4] It degrades mucin through its ability to degrade the mucin oligosaccaride. [5] Ruminococcus and Bifidobacterium strains are able to degrade the oligosaccaride due to their production of extracellular glycosidase. [5]

Togo et al proposed the reclassification of Ruminococcus torques to Mediterraneibacter torques with the type strain ATCC 27756T (= VPI B2-51T) in 2018. [6]

Mucin degradation

Mucin-degrading bacteria have been associated with mucin defects which lead pathogen susceptibility and the development of diseases. [7] [8] According to Schaus et al (2024), R. torques is a keystone species in intestinal mucin degradation. [2] They highlight the need for understanding the mechanisms used by these bacteria and the effects of degradation on the health of both the host and the microbiota. Their study showed that R. torques degrades mucin and releases products available for use by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. The data from this study also suggests that R. torques may play a major role in the gut through its ability to make use of a wide range of mucin substrates. [2] R. torques has been associated with prolonged Strongyloides stercoralis infection due to its mucin-degrading behaviour and degree of enrichment during infection compared to other bacteria such as Alloprevotella and Roseburia. [9]

Association with infection

R. torques has been associated with and linked to colorectal cancer by a number of studies. [10] [11] It has also been suggested that R. torques may be a biomarker for Crohn's disease. [10] Li et al suggests that a higher abundance of R. torques is highly associated with an increased chance of developing Crohn's disease. [12]

R. torques has also been associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). [13] Du et al looked at high shear wave elastography (E) values and the production of deoxycholic acid. [13] The study concluded that R. torques is a biomarker for MASLD patients with high E values and that R. torques may further MASLD in children through the production of deoxycholic acid. [13]

References

  1. 1 2 3 Holdeman, Lillian V.; Moore, W. E. C. (1974). "New Genus, Coprococcus, Twelve New Species, and Emended Descriptions of Four Previously Described Species of Bacteria from Human Feces" . International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 24 (2): 260–277. doi:10.1099/00207713-24-2-260. ISSN   1466-5034.
  2. 1 2 3 Schaus, Sadie R.; Vasconcelos Pereira, Gabriel; Luis, Ana S.; Madlambayan, Emily; Terrapon, Nicolas; Ostrowski, Matthew P.; Jin, Chunsheng; Henrissat, Bernard; Hansson, Gunnar C.; Martens, Eric C. (2024-07-08). "Ruminococcus torques is a keystone degrader of intestinal mucin glycoprotein, releasing oligosaccharides used by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron". mBio. 15 (8): e00039–24. doi:10.1128/mbio.00039-24. PMC   11323728 . PMID   38975756.
  3. ↑ Bhattarai, Yogesh; Muniz Pedrogo, David A.; Kashyap, Purna C. (January 2017). "Irritable bowel syndrome: a gut microbiota-related disorder?". American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 312 (1): G52 –G62. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00338.2016. ISSN   0193-1857. PMC   5283907 . PMID   27881403.
  4. ↑ Cai, Ping; Xiong, Jinbo; Sha, Haonan; Dai, Xiaoyu; Lu, Jiaqi (2023-03-13). "Tumor bacterial markers diagnose the initiation and four stages of colorectal cancer". Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 13 1123544. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1123544 . ISSN   2235-2988. PMC   10040638 . PMID   36992683.
  5. 1 2 Hoskins, L C; Agustines, M; McKee, W B; Boulding, E T; Kriaris, M; Niedermeyer, G (1985-03-01). "Mucin degradation in human colon ecosystems. Isolation and properties of fecal strains that degrade ABH blood group antigens and oligosaccharides from mucin glycoproteins". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 75 (3): 944–953. doi:10.1172/JCI111795. ISSN   0021-9738. PMC   423632 . PMID   3920248.
  6. ↑ Togo, Amadou Hamidou; Diop, Awa; Bittar, Fadi; Maraninchi, Marie; Valero, René; Armstrong, Nicholas; Dubourg, Grégory; Labas, Noémie; Richez, Magali; Delerce, Jeremy; Levasseur, Anthony; Fournier, Pierre-Edouard; Raoult, Didier; Million, Matthieu (2018-11-01). "Description of Mediterraneibacter massiliensis, gen. nov., sp. nov., a new genus isolated from the gut microbiota of an obese patient and reclassification of Ruminococcus faecis, Ruminococcus lactaris, Ruminococcus torques, Ruminococcus gnavus and Clostridium glycyrrhizinilyticum as Mediterraneibacter faecis comb. nov., Mediterraneibacter lactaris comb. nov., Mediterraneibacter torques comb. nov., Mediterraneibacter gnavus comb. nov. and Mediterraneibacter glycyrrhizinilyticus comb. nov" . Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 111 (11): 2107–2128. doi:10.1007/s10482-018-1104-y. ISSN   1572-9699. PMID   29855844.
  7. ↑ Neumann, Mareike; Steimle, Alex; Grant, Erica T.; Wolter, Mathis; Parrish, Amy; Willieme, Stéphanie; Brenner, Dirk; Martens, Eric C.; Desai, Mahesh S. (2021-01-01). "Deprivation of dietary fiber in specific-pathogen-free mice promotes susceptibility to the intestinal mucosal pathogen Citrobacter rodentium". Gut Microbes. 13 (1): 1966263. doi:10.1080/19490976.2021.1966263. ISSN   1949-0976. PMC   8451455 . PMID   34530674.
  8. ↑ Desai, Mahesh S.; Seekatz, Anna M.; Koropatkin, Nicole M.; Kamada, Nobuhiko; Hickey, Christina A.; Wolter, Mathis; Pudlo, Nicholas A.; Kitamoto, Sho; Terrapon, Nicolas; Muller, Arnaud; Young, Vincent B.; Henrissat, Bernard; Wilmes, Paul; Stappenbeck, Thaddeus S.; Núñez, Gabriel (2016-11-17). "A Dietary Fiber-Deprived Gut Microbiota Degrades the Colonic Mucus Barrier and Enhances Pathogen Susceptibility". Cell. 167 (5): 1339–1353.e21. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.043. ISSN   0092-8674. PMC   5131798 . PMID   27863247.
  9. ↑ Tran, Na T. D.; Chaidee, Apisit; Surapinit, Achirawit; Yingklang, Manachai; Roytrakul, Sitiruk; Charoenlappanit, Sawanya; Pinlaor, Porntip; Hongsrichan, Nuttanan; Anutrakulchai, Sirirat; Cha'on, Ubon; Pinlaor, Somchai (2023-03-14). "Chronic Strongyloides stercoralis infection increases presence of the Ruminococcus torques group in the gut and alters the microbial proteome". Scientific Reports. 13 (1): 4216. Bibcode:2023NatSR..13.4216T. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-31118-5. ISSN   2045-2322. PMC   10012286 . PMID   36918707.
  10. 1 2 Valentino, Vincenzo; Filippis, Francesca De; Marotta, Roberto; Pasolli, Edoardo; Ercolini, Danilo (2024-12-24). "Genomic features and prevalence of Ruminococcus species in humans are associated with age, lifestyle, and disease". Cell Reports. 43 (12) 115018. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.115018 . ISSN   2211-1247. PMID   39615045.
  11. ↑ Wu, Yinhang; Zhuang, Jing; Zhang, Qi; Zhao, Xingming; Chen, Gong; Han, Shugao; Hu, Boyang; Wu, Wei; Han, Shuwen (2023). "Aging characteristics of colorectal cancer based on gut microbiota". Cancer Medicine. 12 (17): 17822–17834. doi:10.1002/cam4.6414. ISSN   2045-7634. PMC   10524056 . PMID   37548332.
  12. ↑ Li, Q; Turpin, W; Olivera Sendra, P; Xue, M; Griffiths, A; Panaccione, R; Dieleman, L; Steinhart, A; Jacobson, K; Lee, S; Croitoru, K (2025-02-10). "A73 Microbial Contribution to the Risk of Future Crohn's Disease: Stratification by Subclinical Inflammation Levels Measured by Fecal Calprotectin". Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology. 8 (Supplement_1): i29. doi:10.1093/jcag/gwae059.073. ISSN   2515-2084. PMC   11807476 .
  13. 1 2 3 Du, Landuoduo; Zhang, Kaichuang; Liang, Lili; Yang, Yi; Lu, Deyun; Zhou, Yongchang; Ren, Tianyi; Fan, Jiangao; Zhang, Huiwen; Wang, Ying; Jiang, Lu (2025-03-14). "Multi-omics analyses of the gut microbiota and metabolites in children with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease". mSystems. 10 (4): e01148–24. doi:10.1128/msystems.01148-24. PMC   12013275 . PMID   40084870.
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