History | |
---|---|
Russian Empire | |
Name | Retvizan |
Builder | New Admiralty Shipyard, St. Petersburg |
Laid down | 17 September 1854 [Note 1] |
Launched | 17 September 1855 |
In service | 1858 |
Stricken | 22 November 1880 |
General characteristics (as of 1858) | |
Type | 81-gun steam-powered ship of the line |
Displacement | 3,823 long tons (3,884 t) |
Tons burthen | 2,641 bm |
Length | 215 ft 10 in (65.8 m) (p/p) |
Beam | 52 ft 8 in (16.1 m) |
Draft | 23 ft 1 in (7.0 m) |
Installed power | 500 nominal horsepower |
Propulsion |
|
Speed | 9.5 knots (17.6 km/h; 10.9 mph) |
Armament |
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Retvizan (Russian : Ретвизан) was a wooden-hulled, steam-powered, 84-gun third-rate ship of the line built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the 1850s. The ship served with the Baltic Fleet until she was stricken from the Navy List in 1880. During that time she was deployed in the Mediterranean for two years. Her engine was removed in 1863 and Retvizan became a training ship in 1874.
Retvizan was 215 feet 10 inches (65.8 m) long between perpendiculars, with a beam of 52 feet 8 inches (16.1 m) and a maximum draft of 23 feet 1 inch (7.0 m). The ship displaced 3,823 long tons (3,884 t) and measured 2,641 tons bm. She was equipped with a Russian-built Nobel steam engine of 500 nominal horsepower that drove a single propeller shaft. [1]
All of Retvizan's guns were smoothbores and in 1858 they consisted of one 60-pounder gun on a pivot mount as a chase gun on the forecastle as well as two short 30-pounder guns and ten 30-pounder howitzers distributed between the forecastle and quarterdeck. On her upper deck the ship carried four long 30-pounders and 28 short 30-pounder guns. The armament of her lower deck consisted of twenty-eight 60-pounder shell guns and four long 30-pounder guns. In 1862, all of her 30-pounder weapons were replaced by 36-pounders of exactly the same type. Five years later, her armament was reduced to sixteen 60-pounder shell guns on the lower deck and 16 short 36-pounder guns on the upper deck. [1]
The ship was laid down on 17 September 1854 at the New Admiralty Shipyard in St. Petersburg and launched on 12 August 1854. Retvizan was named after the Swedish ship of the line Rättvisan (meaning The Justice) which was captured by the Russians at the Battle of Viborg Bay in 1790. She conducted her sea trials in 1857 and was deployed in the Mediterranean in 1858–59. The ship returned to the Baltic Sea afterward and cruised with the Baltic Fleet in 1860–62. Her engine was removed in 1863, [1] and Retvizan was placed in reserve until 1874 when she became a gunnery training ship until she was stricken on 22 November 1880. Retvizan was considered the best ship of its type in the navy. [1]
General Admiral was a screw frigate ordered by the Imperial Russian Navy from the United States before the American Civil War. She spent the bulk of her career in the Mediterranean Sea where she evacuated insurgents and their families from Crete in 1868 during the Cretan Revolt. She was struck from the Navy List the following year and broken up in 1870.
The Russian ironclad Petropavlovsk was a 22-gun armored frigate in the Imperial Russian Navy during the late 19th century. She was originally ordered as a 58-gun wooden frigate, but she was reordered as an ironclad while under construction and subsequently converted into one. She served as the flagship of the Baltic Fleet during the 1860s and 1870s. The ship was decommissioned in 1885, but was not sold for scrap until 1892.
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Gangut was an 84-gun ship of the line built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the early 1820s. She participated in the Battle of Navarino in 1827 and was credited with destroying three Ottoman ships. The ship was forced to return to the Baltic Sea for repairs and remained part of the Baltic Fleet for the rest of her career. Gangut was one of the ships deployed to Denmark during the First Schleswig War of 1848–50 to help preserve Denmark's territorial integrity against Prussia. The ship was converted to steam power in 1854–57 and she made one deployment to the Mediterranean in 1859–60 before she became a gunnery training ship in 1862. Gangut was stricken from the navy list in 1871 and sold for scrap.
Vola was an 84-gun Imperatritsa Aleksandra-class ship of the line built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the mid-1830s. The ship was assigned to the Baltic Fleet for her entire career. She was one of the ships deployed to Denmark during the First Schleswig War of 1848–50 to help preserve Denmark's territorial integrity against Prussia. The ship was converted to steam power in 1854–57 and cruised the Baltic Sea in 1857–61 before she was placed in ordinary. Vola was stricken from the navy list in 1871 and sold for scrap.
Oryol was a wooden-hulled, steam-powered, 84-gun third-rate ship of the line built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the 1850s. She was begun as a sailing ship, but was converted to steam power while under construction. The ship served with the Baltic Fleet until she was stricken from the Navy List in 1863.
Konstantin was a 74-gun Fershampenuaz-class ship of the line built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the mid-1830s. The ship was assigned to the Baltic Fleet for her entire career. She was one of the ships deployed to Denmark during the First Schleswig War of 1848–50 to help preserve Denmark's territorial integrity against Prussia. The ship was converted to steam power in 1852–54 and cruised the Baltic Sea in 1857–60 before she was placed in ordinary. Konstantin was stricken from the navy list in 1864 and sold for scrap.
Rostislav was an 84-gun third-rate ship of the line built for the Black Sea Fleet of the Imperial Russian Navy in the 1840s as part of a naval expansion program to strengthen the fleet during a period of increased tension with Britain and France. Rostislav carried a battery primarily consisting of traditional shot-firing guns, but she also carried eight new shell-firing guns. The ship saw combat during the Crimean War at the Battle of Sinop in 1853, where the Russian shell guns proved to be decisive. She repaired in Sevastopol in 1854 and was scuttled during the Siege of Sevastopol in 1855.
Imperatritsa Maria was an 84-gun third rate ship of the line built for the Black Sea Fleet of the Imperial Russian Navy in the late 1840s and early 1850s as part of a naval expansion program to strengthen the fleet during a period of increased tension with Britain and France. The second and final member of the Khrabryi class, she was the last sail-powered ship of the line to be built for the Russian Navy.
Sviatoslav was a Sultan Makhmud-class ship of the line built for the Imperial Russian Navy's Black Sea Fleet in the 1840s. The ship participated in the Crimean War in 1853–1855, beginning with an operation to carry reinforcements for the Imperial Russian Army stationed in the Caucasus in October 1853. Storm damage prevented her from taking part in the Battle of Sinop the next month, but the British and French intervention in the war after that battle led ultimately to Sviatoslav's loss. The Russian fleet withdrew to Sevastopol to avoid battle with the Anglo-French fleet, and during the ensuing Siege of Sevastopol, she was converted into a hospital ship and eventually scuttled in February 1855.
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