SF3A2

Last updated
SF3A2
Identifiers
Aliases SF3A2 , PRP11, PRPF11, SAP62, SF3a66, splicing factor 3a subunit 2
External IDs OMIM: 600796 HomoloGene: 136815 GeneCards: SF3A2
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

8175

n/a

Ensembl

ENSG00000104897

n/a

UniProt

Q15428

n/a

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_007165

n/a

RefSeq (protein)

NP_009096

n/a

Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 2.24 – 2.25 Mb n/a
PubMed search [2] n/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Splicing factor 3A subunit 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SF3A2 gene. [3] [4] [5]

Contents

Function

This gene encodes subunit 2 of the splicing factor 3a protein complex. The splicing factor 3a heterotrimer includes subunits 1, 2 and 3 and is necessary for the in vitro conversion of 15S U2 snRNP into an active 17S particle that performs pre-mRNA splicing. Subunit 2 interacts with subunit 1 through its amino-terminus while the single zinc finger domain of subunit 2 plays a role in its binding to the 15S U2 snRNP. Subunit 2 may also function independently of its RNA splicing function as a microtubule-binding protein. [5]

Interactions

SF3A2 has been shown to interact with DDX46. [6]

Related Research Articles

RNA splicing Processing primary RNA to remove intron sequences and join the remaining exon sections

RNA splicing is a process in molecular biology where a newly-made precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) transcript is transformed into a mature messenger RNA (mRNA). It works by removing introns and so joining together exons. For nuclear-encoded genes, splicing occurs in the nucleus either during or immediately after transcription. For those eukaryotic genes that contain introns, splicing is usually needed to create an mRNA molecule that can be translated into protein. For many eukaryotic introns, splicing occurs in a series of reactions which are catalyzed by the spliceosome, a complex of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). There exist self-splicing introns, that is, ribozymes that can catalyze their own excision from their parent RNA molecule.

Spliceosome Molecular machine that removes intron RNA from the primary transcript

A spliceosome is a large ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex found primarily within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. The spliceosome is assembled from small nuclear RNAs (snRNA) and numerous proteins (Small nuclear RNA molecules bind to specific proteins to form a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex, which in turn combines with other snRNPs to form a large ribonucleoprotein complex called a spliceosome). The spliceosome removes introns from a transcribed pre-mRNA, a type of primary transcript. This process is generally referred to as splicing. An analogy is a film editor, who selectively cuts out irrelevant or incorrect material from the initial film and sends the cleaned-up version to the director for the final cut.

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) is a class of small RNA molecules that are found within the splicing speckles and Cajal bodies of the cell nucleus in eukaryotic cells. The length of an average snRNA is approximately 150 nucleotides. They are transcribed by either RNA polymerase II or RNA polymerase III. Their primary function is in the processing of pre-messenger RNA (hnRNA) in the nucleus. They have also been shown to aid in the regulation of transcription factors or RNA polymerase II, and maintaining the telomeres.

U11 spliceosomal RNA

The U11 snRNA is an important non-coding RNA in the minor spliceosome protein complex, which activates the alternative splicing mechanism. The minor spliceosome is associated with similar protein components as the major spliceosome. It uses U11 snRNA to recognize the 5' splice site while U12 snRNA binds to the branchpoint to recognize the 3' splice site.

U2 spliceosomal RNA

U2 spliceosomal snRNAs are a species of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) molecules found in the major spliceosomal (Sm) machinery of virtually all eukaryotic organisms. In vivo, U2 snRNA along with its associated polypeptides assemble to produce the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP), an essential component of the major spliceosomal complex. The major spliceosomal-splicing pathway is occasionally referred to as U2 dependent, based on a class of Sm intron—found in mRNA primary transcripts—that are recognized exclusively by the U2 snRNP during early stages of spliceosomal assembly. In addition to U2 dependent intron recognition, U2 snRNA has been theorized to serve a catalytic role in the chemistry of pre-RNA splicing as well. Similar to ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), Sm snRNAs must mediate both RNA:RNA and RNA:protein contacts and hence have evolved specialized, highly conserved, primary and secondary structural elements to facilitate these types of interactions.

U4 spliceosomal RNA Non-coding RNA component of the spliceosome

The U4 small nuclear Ribo-Nucleic Acid is a non-coding RNA component of the major or U2-dependent spliceosome – a eukaryotic molecular machine involved in the splicing of pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA). It forms a duplex with U6, and with each splicing round, it is displaced from the U6 snRNA in an ATP-dependent manner, allowing U6 to re-fold and create the active site for splicing catalysis. A recycling process involving protein Brr2 releases U4 from U6, while protein Prp24 re-anneals U4 and U6. The crystal structure of a 5′ stem-loop of U4 in complex with a binding protein has been solved.

U6 spliceosomal RNA

U6 snRNA is the non-coding small nuclear RNA (snRNA) component of U6 snRNP, an RNA-protein complex that combines with other snRNPs, unmodified pre-mRNA, and various other proteins to assemble a spliceosome, a large RNA-protein molecular complex that catalyzes the excision of introns from pre-mRNA. Splicing, or the removal of introns, is a major aspect of post-transcriptional modification and takes place only in the nucleus of eukaryotes.

U2AF2

Splicing factor U2AF 65 kDa subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the U2AF2 gene.

snRNP70

snRNP70 also known as U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 70 kDa is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNRNP70 gene. snRNP70 is a small nuclear ribonucleoprotein that associates with U1 spliceosomal RNA, forming the U1snRNP a core component of the spliceosome. The U1-70K protein and other components of the spliceosome complex form detergent-insoluble aggregates in both sporadic and familial human cases of Alzheimer's disease. U1-70K co-localizes with Tau in neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease.

U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 1

Splicing factor U2AF 35 kDa subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the U2AF1 gene.

SF3A1

Splicing factor 3 subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SF3A1 gene.

SF3B1

Splicing factor 3B subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SF3B1 gene.

SF3A3

Splicing factor 3A subunit 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SF3A3 gene.

SF3B2

Splicing factor 3B subunit 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SF3B2 gene.

SF3B4

Splicing factor 3B subunit 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SF3B4 gene.

SF3B3

Splicing factor 3B subunit 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SF3B3 gene.

PRPF4

U4/U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein Prp4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRPF4 gene. The removal of introns from nuclear pre-mRNAs occurs on complexes called spliceosomes, which are made up of 4 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particles and an undefined number of transiently associated splicing factors. PRPF4 is 1 of several proteins that associate with U4 and U6 snRNPs.[supplied by OMIM]

SF3B14

Splicing factor 3B, 14 kDa subunit, also known as SF3B14, is a human gene.

Prp24

Prp24 is a protein part of the pre-messenger RNA splicing process and aids the binding of U6 snRNA to U4 snRNA during the formation of spliceosomes. Found in eukaryotes from yeast to E. coli, fungi, and humans, Prp24 was initially discovered to be an important element of RNA splicing in 1989. Mutations in Prp24 were later discovered in 1991 to suppress mutations in U4 that resulted in cold-sensitive strains of yeast, indicating its involvement in the reformation of the U4/U6 duplex after the catalytic steps of splicing.

Prp8

Prp8 refers to both the Prp8 protein and Prp8 gene. Prp8's name originates from its involvement in pre-mRNA processing. The Prp8 protein is a large, highly conserved, and unique protein that resides in the catalytic core of the spliceosome and has been found to have a central role in molecular rearrangements that occur there. Prp8 protein is a major central component of the catalytic core in the spliceosome, and the spliceosome is responsible for splicing of precursor mRNA that contains introns and exons. Unexpressed introns are removed by the spliceosome complex in order to create a more concise mRNA transcript. Splicing is just one of many different post-transcriptional modifications that mRNA must undergo before translation. Prp8 has also been hypothesized to be a cofactor in RNA catalysis.

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000104897 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  3. ↑ Bennett M, Reed R (October 1993). "Correspondence between a mammalian spliceosome component and an essential yeast splicing factor". Science. 262 (5130): 105–8. Bibcode:1993Sci...262..105B. doi:10.1126/science.8211113. PMID   8211113.
  4. ↑ Dresser DW, Hacker A, Lovell-Badge R, Guerrier D (September 1995). "The genes for a spliceosome protein (SAP62) and the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) are contiguous". Human Molecular Genetics. 4 (9): 1613–8. doi:10.1093/hmg/4.9.1613. PMID   8541848.
  5. 1 2 "Entrez Gene: SF3A2 splicing factor 3a, subunit 2, 66kDa".
  6. ↑ Will CL, Urlaub H, Achsel T, Gentzel M, Wilm M, Lührmann R (September 2002). "Characterization of novel SF3b and 17S U2 snRNP proteins, including a human Prp5p homologue and an SF3b DEAD-box protein". The EMBO Journal. 21 (18): 4978–88. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf480. PMC   126279 . PMID   12234937.

Further reading


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