SMCP

SMCP
Identifiers
Aliases	SMCP , HSMCSGEN1, MCS, MCSP, sperm mitochondria associated cysteine rich protein
External IDs	OMIM: 601148 HomoloGene: 136205 GeneCards: SMCP
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)
End	152,885,047 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	sperm; ; caput epididymis; ; corpus epididymis; ; rhombencephalon; ; metencephalon; ; cerebellum; ; metanephros; ; cerebellar cortex; ; cerebellar hemisphere; ; right coronary artery;
	n/a
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein binding ; molecular function ;
Cellular component	cytoplasm ; mitochondrial membrane ; mitochondrion ; membrane ;
Biological process	flagellated sperm motility ; penetration of zona pellucida ; single fertilization ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	4184
	n/a
	ENSG00000163206
	n/a
	P49901
	n/a
	NM_030663
	n/a
	NP_109588
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Last updated August 19, 2023

Sperm mitochondrial-associated cysteine-rich protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMCP gene.^[3]^[4]

Function

Sperm mitochondria differ in morphology and subcellular localization from those of somatic cells. They are elongated, flattened, and arranged circumferentially to form a helical coiled sheath in the midpiece of the sperm flagellum. The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the capsule associated with the mitochondrial outer membranes and is thought to function in the organization and stabilization of the helical structure of the sperm's mitochondrial sheath.^[4]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Selenocysteine</span> Chemical compound

Selenocysteine is the 21st proteinogenic amino acid. Selenoproteins contain selenocysteine residues. Selenocysteine is an analogue of the more common cysteine with selenium in place of the sulfur.

Mitochondrial DNA is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA is only a small portion of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell; most of the DNA can be found in the cell nucleus and, in plants and algae, also in plastids such as chloroplasts.

In molecular biology a selenoprotein is any protein that includes a selenocysteine amino acid residue. Among functionally characterized selenoproteins are five glutathione peroxidases (GPX) and three thioredoxin reductases, (TrxR/TXNRD) which both contain only one Sec. Selenoprotein P is the most common selenoprotein found in the plasma. It is unusual because in humans it contains 10 Sec residues, which are split into two domains, a longer N-terminal domain that contains 1 Sec, and a shorter C-terminal domain that contains 9 Sec. The longer N-terminal domain is likely an enzymatic domain, and the shorter C-terminal domain is likely a means of safely transporting the very reactive selenium atom throughout the body.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase</span> Class of enzymes

Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DHODH gene on chromosome 16. The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the fourth enzymatic step, the ubiquinone-mediated oxidation of dihydroorotate to orotate, in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. This protein is a mitochondrial protein located on the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). Inhibitors of this enzyme are used to treat autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Glutathione peroxidase 1, also known as GPx1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPX1 gene on chromosome 3. This gene encodes a member of the glutathione peroxidase family. Glutathione peroxidase functions in the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide, and is one of the most important antioxidant enzymes in humans.

Glutathione peroxidase 4, also known as GPX4, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPX4 gene. GPX4 is a phospholipid hydroperoxidase that protects cells against membrane lipid peroxidation.

DnaJ homolog subfamily A member 3, mitochondrial, also known as Tumorous imaginal disc 1 (TID1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DNAJA3 gene on chromosome 16. This protein belongs to the DNAJ/Hsp40 protein family, which is known for binding and activating Hsp70 chaperone proteins to perform protein folding, degradation, and complex assembly. As a mitochondrial protein, it is involved in maintaining membrane potential and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) integrity, as well as cellular processes such as cell movement, growth, and death. Furthermore, it is associated with a broad range of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory diseases, and cancers.

Selenoprotein P is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEPP1 gene.

Glutathione peroxidase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPX2 gene.

Protein p13 MTCP-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MTCP1 gene.

Selenoprotein N is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEPN1 gene.

Single-stranded DNA-binding protein, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSBP1 gene.

15 kDa selenoprotein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEP15 gene. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene.

Cystatin-8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CST8 gene.

Cysteine-rich secretory protein 1 is a cysteine-rich secretory protein that in humans is encoded by the CRISP1 gene.

39S ribosomal protein L4, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPL4 gene.

Cysteine-rich secretory protein 2 is a cysteine-rich secretory protein that in humans is encoded by the CRISP2 gene.

39S ribosomal protein L23, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPL23 gene.

ADP/ATP translocase 4 (ANT4) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SLC25A31 gene on chromosome 4. This enzyme inhibits apoptosis by catalyzing ADP/ATP exchange across the mitochondrial membranes and regulating membrane potential. In particular, ANT4 is essential to spermatogenesis, as it imports ATP into sperm mitochondria to support their development and survival. Outside this role, the SLC25AC31 gene has not been implicated in any human disease.

Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 (VDAC3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VDAC3 gene on chromosome 8. The protein encoded by this gene is a voltage-dependent anion channel and shares high structural homology with the other VDAC isoforms. Nonetheless, VDAC3 demonstrates limited pore-forming ability and, instead, interacts with other proteins to perform its biological functions, including sperm flagella assembly and centriole assembly. Mutations in VDAC3 have been linked to male infertility, as well as Parkinson’s disease.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000163206 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Aho H, Schwemmer M, Tessman D, Murphy D, Mattei G, Engel W, Adham IM (Mar 1996). "Isolation, expression, and chromosomal localization of the human mitochondrial capsule selenoprotein gene (MCSP)". Genomics. 32 (2): 184–90. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0104. PMID 8833144.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: SMCP sperm mitochondria-associated cysteine-rich protein".

Behne D, Kyriakopoulos A (2001). "Mammalian selenium-containing proteins". Annual Review of Nutrition. 21: 453–73. doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.21.1.453. PMID 11375445.
Karimpour I, Cutler M, Shih D, Smith J, Kleene KC (Nov 1992). "Sequence of the gene encoding the mitochondrial capsule selenoprotein of mouse sperm: identification of three in-phase TGA selenocysteine codons". DNA and Cell Biology. 11 (9): 693–9. doi:10.1089/dna.1992.11.693. PMID 1418626.
Saaranen M, Suistomaa U, Vanha-Perttula T (Apr 1989). "Semen selenium content and sperm mitochondrial volume in human and some animal species". Human Reproduction. 4 (3): 304–8. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136893. PMID 2715306.
Cataldo L, Baig K, Oko R, Mastrangelo MA, Kleene KC (Nov 1996). "Developmental expression, intracellular localization, and selenium content of the cysteine-rich protein associated with the mitochondrial capsules of mouse sperm". Molecular Reproduction and Development. 45 (3): 320–31. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199611)45:3<320::AID-MRD9>3.0.CO;2-U. PMID 8916043. S2CID 10296253.
Herr JC, Thomas D, Bush LA, Coonrod S, Khole V, Howards SS, Flickinger CJ (Aug 1999). "Sperm mitochondria-associated cysteine-rich protein (SMCP) is an autoantigen in Lewis rats". Biology of Reproduction. 61 (2): 428–35. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod61.2.428 . PMID 10411523.
Nayernia K, Adham IM, Burkhardt-Göttges E, Neesen J, Rieche M, Wolf S, Sancken U, Kleene K, Engel W (May 2002). "Asthenozoospermia in mice with targeted deletion of the sperm mitochondrion-associated cysteine-rich protein (Smcp) gene". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 22 (9): 3046–52. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.9.3046-3052.2002. PMC 133774 . PMID 11940662.
Hawthorne SK, Goodarzi G, Bagarova J, Gallant KE, Busanelli RR, Olend WJ, Kleene KC (Mar 2006). "Comparative genomics of the sperm mitochondria-associated cysteine-rich protein gene". Genomics. 87 (3): 382–91. doi: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2005.09.010 . PMID 16325371.
Yatsenko AN, Roy A, Chen R, Ma L, Murthy LJ, Yan W, Lamb DJ, Matzuk MM (Dec 2006). "Non-invasive genetic diagnosis of male infertility using spermatozoal RNA: KLHL10 mutations in oligozoospermic patients impair homodimerization". Human Molecular Genetics. 15 (23): 3411–9. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddl417 . PMID 17047026.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000163206 - Ensembl, May 2017

[2] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid8833144-3] Aho H, Schwemmer M, Tessman D, Murphy D, Mattei G, Engel W, Adham IM (Mar 1996). "Isolation, expression, and chromosomal localization of the human mitochondrial capsule selenoprotein gene (MCSP)". Genomics. 32 (2): 184–90. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0104. PMID 8833144.

[entrez-4] 1 2 "Entrez Gene: SMCP sperm mitochondria-associated cysteine-rich protein".

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[2]

[3]

[4]

SMCP

Contents

Function

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading