Salticinae

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Salticinae
Kaldari Naphrys pulex 02.jpg
Adult male Naphrys pulex , a member of the Salticoida clade
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Salticidae
Subfamily: Salticinae
Blackwall, 1841
Subgroups

Salticinae is a subfamily of jumping spiders (family Salticidae). It includes over 90% of the known species of jumping spiders. [1] The subfamily is divided into two unranked clades: Salticoida and Amycoida. [1]

Contents

Description

Members of the subfamily Salticinae have a number of features in common that distinguish them from the remaining salticids. Females lack a tarsal claw on the pedipalp. The palpal bulb of male basal salticids has a distinctive median apophysis, which is absent in the subfamily, and the cymbium is constricted at the tibial joint. Members also have a more complex tracheal system, which may be connected with their movements, which are more abrupt than other salticids, giving them a recognizable gait. [1]

Taxonomy

Phylogeny

The relationships among the basal salticids are not yet fully resolved; summary cladograms published in both 2014 and 2015 show unresolved branching for five basal subfamilies. However, Hisponinae is resolved as sister to Salticinae, which is the most derived subfamily. [2] [1]

Salticidae

Onomastinae

Asemoneinae

Lyssomaninae

Spartaeinae

Eupoinae

Hisponinae

Salticinae

Amycoida

Salticoida

Classification

In 2015, Wayne Maddison divided the subfamily into 27 tribes with a total of about 540 extant genera. The tribes were grouped into a number of clades. [1]

Subfamily Salticinae

clade Amycoida – 9 tribes
clade Salticoida – 18 tribes in total, most grouped into 3 subclades:
basal – 2 tribes
Astioida – 5 tribes
Marpissoida – 3 tribes
Saltafresia – 8 tribes

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Nebridia is a monotypic genus of Venezuelan jumping spiders containing the single species, Nebridia semicana. It was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1902, and is only found in Venezuela. It was briefly considered a synonym of Amphidraus, it was elevated to genus status in 2017.

<i>Nicylla</i> Genus of spiders

Nicylla is a monotypic genus of Sumatran jumping spiders containing the single species, Nicylla sundevalli. It was first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1890, and is only found on Sumatra. Briefly considered a synonym of Thiania, it was elevated back to genus status in 2017.

Proszynskiana is a genus of Asian jumping spiders that was first described by D. V. Logunov in 1996. It is named in honor of arachnologist Jerzy Prószyński.

Thianitara is a genus of Southeast Asian jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1903. As of August 2019 it contains only two species, found in Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia: T. spectrum and T. thailandica. It was briefly considered a junior synonym of Thiania until 2017, when it was revived by Jerzy Prószyński.

Wallaba is a monotypic genus of Guyanese jumping spiders containing the single species, Wallaba metallica. It was first described by Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão in 1940, and is found in Guyana. It was synonymized with Sidusa in 2015, but was revalidated by Jerzy Prószyński in 2017.

<i>Zenodorus</i> (spider) Genus of spiders

Zenodorus is a genus of the jumping spiders distributed from the Moluccas to Australia, including several islands of the Pacific. It was once considered a junior synonym of Omoedus, but this was later rejected by Jerzy Prószyński in 2017. At least one species, Z. orbiculatus, specializes on hunting ants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spartaeinae</span> Subfamily of spiders

The Spartaeinae are a subfamily of the spider family Salticidae. The subfamily was established by Fred R. Wanless in 1984 to include the groups Boetheae, Cocaleae, Lineae, Codeteae and Cyrbeae, which in turn were defined by Eugène Simon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Salticoida</span> Clade of spiders

Salticoida is an unranked clade of the jumping spider family Salticidae. It is the larger and more widespread of the two subdivisions of the "typical" jumping spiders, occurring effectively world-wide. Its sister clade is Amycoida, which is also very diverse ecologically but has a mostly South American distribution.

Ansienulina is a genus of spiders in the jumping spider family Salticidae. It was first described in 2015 by Wanda Wesołowska. This genus was named in honour of South African arachnologist Ansie Dippenaar-Schoeman. As of 2017, it contains only one species, Ansienulina mirabilis, found in Kenya, Angola, and Namibia.

Ragatinus is a genus of spiders in the family Salticidae. It was first described in 2016 by Angelika Dawidowicz and Wanda Wesołowska. As of 2017, it contains only one species, Ragatinus maddisoni.

Nepalicius is a genus of spiders in the family Salticidae. It was first described in 2016 by Prószyński. As of 2017, it contains 3 species.

Okinawicius is a genus of spiders in the family Salticidae. It was first described in 2016 by Prószyński. As of 2017, it contains 9 species.

<i>Orienticius</i> Genus of spiders

Orienticius is a genus of spiders in the family Salticidae. It was first described in 2016 by Prószyński. As of 2017, it contains 2 species.

Papuaneon is a genus of spiders in the family Salticidae. It was first described in 2016 by Maddison. It is placed in the tribe Neonini, part of the Salticoida clade of the subfamily Salticinae.

Tartamura is a genus of South American jumping spiders first described by A. A. Bustamante & Gustavo Rodrigo Sanches Ruiz in 2017. Tartamura was placed in the tribe Thiodinini, part of the Amycoida clade of the subfamily Salticinae in Maddison's 2015 classification of the family Salticidae.

Padillothorax is a genus of southeastern Asian jumping spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1901. As of April 2019 it contains only two species.

Bavirecta is a genus of Asian jumping spiders first described by N. Kanesharatnam & Suresh P. Benjamin in 2018. As of April 2019 it contains only two species. It was placed in the tribe Baviini, part of the clade Salticoida of the subfamily Salticinae.

Spadera is a genus of jumping spiders containing the single species, Spadera unica. It was first described by George and Elizabeth Peckham in 1894, and has only been found in Madagascar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hisponinae</span> Superfamily of spiders

Hisponinae is a subfamily of jumping spiders. The subfamily has six known extant genera and three extinct genera.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amycoida</span> Clade of spiders

Amycoida is an unranked clade of the jumping spider family Salticidae. It is the smaller and less widespread of the two subdivisions of the "typical" jumping spiders, occurring mainly in the New World, particularly the Amazon basin. Its sister clade is the Salticoida.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Maddison, Wayne P. (November 2015). "A phylogenetic classification of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)". Journal of Arachnology. 43 (3): 231–292. doi:10.1636/arac-43-03-231-292. S2CID   85680279.
  2. Maddison, W.P.; Li, D.Q.; Bodner, M.; Zhang, J.X.; Xu, X.; Liu, Q.Q. & Liu, F.X. (2014). "The deep phylogeny of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae)". ZooKeys (440): 57–87. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.440.7891 . PMC   4195940 . PMID   25317062.