San Luis Obispo Coast AVA

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San Luis Obispo Coast
Wine region
San Luis Obispo surrounding area Taken from the Amtrak Coast Starlight Train - panoramio.jpg
SLO Coast vineyard
Type American Viticultural Area
Year established2022 [1]
Years of wine industry220 [2]
CountryUnited States
Part of California, Central Coast AVA, San Luis Obispo county
Other regions in California, Central Coast AVA, San Luis Obispo county Paso Robles AVA
Sub-regions Edna Valley AVA, Arroyo Grande Valley AVA
Climate region Region I, II [1]
Precipitation (annual average)16.8 inches (426.7 mm) [3]
Soil conditionssandy loam, Pismo, Briones, Tierrs, Gazos, Nacimiento, Linne, Balcom, and Sorrento soil series [1]
Total area408,585 acres (638 sq mi) [1]
Size of planted vineyards3,942 acres (1,595 ha) [1]
No. of vineyards78 [1]
Grapes produced Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Gewürztraminer, Grenache, Gruner Veltliner, Pinot Noir, Merlot, Mourvedre, Sauvignon Blanc, Syrah, Zinfandel [4]
No. of wineries50 [1]

San Luis Obispo Coast and SLO Coast identify the sixteenth American Viticultural Area (AVA) within San Luis Obispo County, California. It was established by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Treasury on April 8, 2022, becoming the state's 143rd official AVA. [5] The area encompasses over 480,585 acres (750.914 sq mi) nestled between the Santa Lucia mountains and the Pacific coastline stretching about 70 miles (110 km) from Ragged Point southbound on the Pacific Coast Highway (PCH) and Highway 101 to the outskirts of Santa Maria at the intersection of State Highway 166 and Highway 101. It includes the coastal communities of San Simeon, Cambria, Cayucos, Morro Bay, Avila Beach, Pismo Beach, Arroyo Grande and Nipomo while encompassing the county seat of San Luis Obispo. The TTB approved the petition's two names, "San Luis Obispo Coast" and "SLO Coast", to identify the viticultural area's description and wine labeling. The term "SLO" is a historical and commonly used reference for the county and city initials as well as a description of the region's relaxed culture. The new AVA overlaps the previously established Edna Valley and Arroyo Grande Valley viticultural areas. There are over 50 wineries and an estimated 78 commercial vineyards cultivating approximately 3,942 acres (1,595 ha) with a majority of the vineyards located within 6 miles (9.7 km) of the Pacific Ocean defining an area whose grapes and wines represent it. Cool weather varietals like Pinot Noir and Chardonnay are commonly grown while lesser varietals Sauvignon Blanc, Gewürztraminer and Gruner Veltliner also thrive. [1] [5]

Contents

History

Viticulture history in the San Luis Obispo region dates back to 1804 when Mission grapes vineyards were planted at the local historic landmarks, Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa and Mission San Miguel Arcángel. The size of the Mission San Luis Obispo vineyard was estimated to be 40 acres (16 ha) and the Mission San Miguel vineyards were 18 acres (7.3 ha). [2] [6] The California Missions were started by Father Junípero Serra and developed over three decades that included structure construction, crops, livestock, vineyards, and wineries. Each site gradually came to its peak during the 1830s and 1840s. [7] In the 1820s, Mission San Luis Obispo is recorded making over one hundred barrels of wine a year. Its vineyard became the mission system's largest after the Mission San Gabriel. [6] [8] [9]

The oldest recorded residence in San Luis Obispo County is the Dana Adobe in Nipomo which was originally built on a Mexican land grant of nearly 38,000 acres (59 sq mi) which was presented in 1837 to William Goodwin Dana who relocated from Boston, Massachusetts and named the land Rancho Nipomo. Captain Dana married Maria Josefa Carrillo, the daughter of the original Governor of Alta California, Carlos Antonio Carrillo in 1829, established a large cattle ranch, built his home, and eventually raised 21 children by the 1840s. The ranch also had planted crops and vineyards. [7]

From the 1860s to the 1890s, Pierre Hypolite Dallidet was renown as the first commercial winemaker and also the first commercial distiller in San Luis Obispo County. His legend is composed of adventure, service to his country, viticulture, and travels abroad from his village in southwestern France to Tahiti, to Hangtown and finally to San Luis Obispo, California. He pioneered commercial wine and brandy making, sourcing fruit from his own vineyards and orchards. He was famous for assisting the French government in saving the premium French grape varietals decimated by the Phylloxera epidemic that infected their historic vineyards in 1870. [10]

Terroir

Topography

The distinguishing features of SLO Coast are its topography, climate, and soils. SLO Coast AVA is a region of coastal terraces, foothills, and small valleys along the Pacific Coast. The region is oriented to the west, allowing the area to experience fog and cool marine air. According to its petition, 97 percent of the proposed AVA is at or below 1,800 feet (550 m) in elevation, which corresponds to the approximate limit of the influence of the maritime climate. To the south of SLO Coast is the Santa Maria Valley AVA, which is a much flatter topography where Growing degree day (GDD) accumulations are higher than within the AVA, and the region is characterized as Region II on the Winkler scale. Because the region has a flatter topography than the SLO Coast, the Santa Maria Valley is more exposed to the marine air. As a result, the Santa Maria Valley has higher average minimum growing season temperatures and lower average maximum growing season temperatures. Fog occurs over 55 percent of all nights during the growing season within the region to the south of the AVA. [1] [11]

Climate

The SLO Coast's proximity to the Pacific Ocean moderates its temperatures. The maritime influence prevents temperatures from rising too high or dropping too low creating optimal vineyard conditions. The average GDD accumulation from 1971 to 2000 was 2,493, which places the AVA in Region I on the Winkler scale. The minimum growing season temperature for 90 percent of SLO Coast is between 47.5 and 52 °F (8.6–11.1 °C), based on data from 1981 to 2015. Also based on data from 1981 to 2015, twenty-one percent of the AVA has an average maximum growing season temperature of less than 70 °F (21 °C), while another 68 percent of the AVA has an average maximum growing season temperature between 70 and 78 °F (21–26 °C). The petition stated that between 2003 and 2015, the proposed AVA experienced nighttime fog cover between 35 and 55 percent of all nights during the growing season. According to the petition, the climate of the AVA makes it suitable for growing early-to-mid-season grape varietals such as Chardonnay and Pinot Noir, which compromise 43 and 35 percent, respectively, of the planted vineyard acreage. The petition also states that mild average minimum growing season temperatures lead to a shorter period of vine dormancy. The lower average maximum growing season temperatures (compared to surrounding regions) reduce the risk of fruit desiccation and produce higher levels of malic acid in the grapes, which increases total acidity and lowers pH values in the resulting wines. The nighttime fog lengthens the growing season by preventing temperatures from dropping significantly at night. As the Pacific Ocean is the western boundary of the AVA, the northern boundary consists of elevations that rise over 3,000 feet (910 m) with the steep, rough terrain of the Los Padres National Forest. To the northeast of the AVA, GDD accumulations are higher and the region is classified as a Region II. The eastern boundary is the Santa Lucia Range faces away from the Pacific Ocean and thus experiences less marine influence. As a result, GDD accumulations are higher, falling within the Region II and III categories on the Winkler scale. Average minimum growing season temperatures are lower, and average maximum growing season temperatures are higher. Fog occurs less than 30 percent of all nights during the growing season [1]

TTB determined that the Edna Valley and Arroyo Grande AVAs will be within the SLO Coast. As discussed in the petition, the Edna Valley and Arroyo Grande Valley areas share the marine-influenced climate and clay and loam soils as the SLO Coast. However, the Edna Valley has some unique characteristics, such as a narrower range of elevations than the overall SLO Coast. The climate of the Edna Valley is also mostly Region II with pockets of Region I climate, whereas the SLO Coast is primarily Region I with pockets of Region II climate. The Arroyo Grande Valley also has some characteristics that make it unique. For example, it lies in a sheltered location within the SLO Coast receiving less direct marine influence than more exposed portions of the AVA. [1]

Soil

Soils in this region are characterized by rocky outcrops and shallow soils derived from sandstone and metamorphic rock, as well as soils from igneous and granitic rocks. Ben Schupack, geologist, explains the uniqueness of this AVA. “The SLO Coast AVA sits on top of what is known to geologists as an accretionary wedge. These are ocean sediments which smashed into the west coast as the Farallon Plate was being dragged under the North American Plate over geologic time. Soils within the SLO Coast are highly varied due to the complex history of the landscape.” [5]

The soils of the AVA can be divided into four groups. The largest group, found in the north and central parts of the AVA, is derived from the Franciscan Formation and is composed of sandstone, shale, and metamorphosed sedimentary rocks. Examples of soil series in this group include Diablo, San Simeon, Shimmon, Conception and Santa Lucia series. The second largest group consists of younger marine deposits and basin sediments from the Miocene and Pliocene periods. These soils are composed of sandy loam and loams derived from marine deposits and include the Pismo, Briones, Tierrs, Gazos, Nacimiento, Linne, Balcom, and Sorrento soil series. These soils provide excellent drainage for vineyards, but may require irrigation during the growing season. The third group is derived from volcanic intrusion and represents a very small percentage of the soils within the AVA. Most soils in this group are found on excessively steep slopes or rocky terrain that is unsuitable for viticulture. The final group is derived from wind deposits and comprises the sand dunes and low areas near the coast. These soils also cover a very small percent of the AVA and are generally unsuitable for viticulture due to their excessive drainage and high sodium content. The soils to the east of the AVA consist mainly of alluvial and terrace deposits. Soils to the south of the SLO Coast consist of deep, fertile, sandy soils derived from alluvial deposits that contain less clay than the majority of soils within the AVA. [1]

SLO Coast is characterized by shallow loam and calcereous soil with ample deposits of limestone and calcium. Being such a large area, vineyard owners see everything from sandy loam to clay rich in volcanic deposits across the 408,000 acres (638 sq mi) of the county. Very few modern Californian vignerons would consider the Edna Valley or Arroyo Grande of the county as obvious places to plant vineyards. But the determination of local pioneers have been rewarded with high quality white wines proving cool-climate viticulture a triumph. The finest wines to come from Arroyo Grande are blends of Chardonnay and Pinot Noir. [1]

Wine industry

TTB received the petition from the SLO Coast AVA Association proposing the "San Luis Obispo Coast" viticultural area which was nine years in the making. [12] [13] The petition also requested TTB recognize "SLO Coast" as an additional proposed AVA name, as "SLO" is an historical and frequently-used reference to the county and city initials to define the region's relaxed culture. The viticultural area encompasses the established Edna Valley and Arroyo Grande Valley viticultural areas within its approximately 480,585 acres (750.914 sq mi) and is resident to over 50 wineries and an estimated 78 commercial vineyards cultivating approximately 3,942 acres (1,595 ha) with most of the vineyards located within 6 miles (9.7 km) of the Pacific Ocean defining its grapes and wines. Cool weather varietals like Pinot Noir and Chardonnay are commonly grown while lesser varietals Sauvignon Blanc, Gewürztraminer and Gruner Veltliner also thrive. [1] [5]

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santa Maria Valley AVA</span> American wine region located in California

Santa Maria Valley is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) which straddles the boundary of Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo counties in California's multi-county Central Coast AVA. It was established on August 5, 1981, by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) as California's second oldest AVA. A portion of the AVA crosses the Cuyama River into the southernmost corner of San Luis Obispo County. The east-west orientation of the 152.3 square miles with a wide, open valley and rolling hills means cool winds and fog flow in freely from the Pacific Ocean, settling most noticeably in lower-lying areas. The result is a mild Mediterranean climate that lengthens the growing season and contributes to the eventual sugar/acid balance in the grapes from Santa Maria Valley's 7,500 acres (3,000 ha) cultivated vineyards. On January 28, 2011, the AVA was granted a 29.4 square miles expansion to its southern boundary.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paso Robles AVA</span> Appelation that designates wine in San Luis Obispo County, California

Paso Robles is the third American Viticultural Area (AVA) located in San Luis Obispo (SLO) County, California. It was established by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), Treasury on November 3, 1983 based on a petition submitted by Martin Brothers Winery. The area encompasses 609,673 acres (953 sq mi) with approximately 18,500 acres (7,487 ha) cultivated with wine grapes known for their heritage varietal Zinfandel, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Rhône-style wines.

Arroyo Grande Valley is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located in San Luis Obispo County, California approximately 12 miles (19 km) southeast of the county seat San Luis Obispo. Arroyo Grande Valley was recognized on February 5, 1990 by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) as the state's 60th AVA based on the petition filed in 1987 by Don Talley of Talley Vineyards and William S. Greenough of Saucelito Canyon Vineyard for the establishment of the "Arroyo Grande Valley" viticultural area in San Luis Obispo County. The 16 miles (26 km) long, approximately 67 square miles valley appellation benefits from its east-northeast orientation allowing the breeze from the Pacific Ocean to moderate the climate of the area. The valley is divided by a fog line produced by the cool maritime layer where Zinfandel, Petite Sirah and Rhône varietals are grown on the higher elevations near Lopez Lake and the cooler mid-valley vineyards being home to Chardonnay and Pinot noir. On April 8, 2022, the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) approved the designation of the expansive San Luis Obispo (SLO) Coast AVA overlapping the boundaries of Edna Valley and Arroyo Grande Valley viticultural areas because they share common features. However, these two previously established areas still have unique characteristics to retain their viticultural area distinctions within SLO Coast. Edna Valley lies immediately to the northwest, the Los Padres National Forest straddles the north leg boundary, the Santa Maria Valley AVA lies to the southeast of Arroyo Grande Valley, and the Pacific Ocean communities of Oceano, Grover City and Arroyo Grande abut its southwestern border.

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Creston District is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located in the south east portion of the Paso Robles AVA in San Luis Obispo (SLO) County, California. It is located in the vicinity of the small community of Creston, California and was established by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) on November 10, 2014. The Paso Robles Viticultural Area Committee (PRVAC) petitioned TTB to establish 11 new AVAs located entirely within the existing Paso Robles viticultural area.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">San Luis Obispo County wine</span> Appelation that designates wine in San Luis Obispo County, CA

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monterey County wine</span> Appelation that designates wine in Monterey County, CA

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Burn of Columbia Valley AVA</span> Viticultural area in Washington, USA

The Burn of Columbia Valley is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located within Klickitat County in south-central Washington on the north banks of the Columbia River along the Oregon state border. The Burn of Columbia Valley was established by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Treasury on July 17, 2021, after reviewing a petition received from Kevin Corliss, Vice President of Vineyards for Ste. Michelle Wine Estates, Joan R. Davenport, Professor of Soil Sciences at Washington State University, and John Derrick, Vice President of Operations for Mercer Ranches, Inc., proposing “The Burn of Columbia Valley” viticultural area. The appellation, known colloquially as “The Burn,” encompasses about 16,870 acres (26 sq mi) where 3 commercial vineyards cultivate approximately 1,261 acres (510 ha) as many Washington wineries source grapes from here. The state's 18th AVA lies entirely within the vast Columbia Valley appellation and stands alone between the Columbia Gorge and the Horse Heaven Hills viticultural areas. The distinguishing features of The Burn of Columbia Valley are its soils, climate, and topography.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Royal Slope AVA</span> Viticultural area in Washington, USA

Royal Slope is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located within Adams and Grant Counties in central Washington state. Royal Slope is the state's 15th appellation recognized by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Treasury on October 2, 2020, after reviewing the petition submitted by Alan Busacca, a licensed geologist and founder of Vinitas Vineyard Consultants, LLC, on behalf of the Royal Slope Wine Grower's Association, proposing the viticultural area named “Royal Slope.” The AVA lies between the Quincy Basin and Saddle Mountains surrounding the town of Royal City encompassing 156,389 acres (244 sq mi) entirely within the vast Columbia Valley AVA. There are currently 13 producing commercial vineyards cultivating approximately 14,100 acres (5,706 ha) with only one winery. According to the petition, the distinguishing features of the Royal Slope AVA are its climate, topography, geology, and soils.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Appalachain High Country AVA</span> American Viticultural Area in Virginia and West Virginia

Appalachian High Country is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located mainly in North Carolina with sections in Tennessee and Virginia. The approximately 2,400 square miles viticultural area encompasses all or portions of the following counties: Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Mitchell, and Watauga Counties in North Carolina; Carter County and Johnson Counties in Tennessee; and Grayson County in Virginia. The appellation was recognized on February 28, 2016 by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Treasury as the country's 239th, North Carolina's 5th, Tennessee's 2nd and Virginia's 8th AVA after reviewing the petition from Johnnie James, owner of Bethel Valley Farms, on behalf of members of the High Country Wine Growers Association, proposing the establishment of the viticultural area named "Appalachian High Country."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Appalachian High Country AVA</span> American Viticultural Area in Virginia and West Virginia

Appalachian High Country is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located mainly in North Carolina with sections in Tennessee and Virginia. The approximately 2,400 square miles viticultural area encompasses all or portions of the following counties: Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Mitchell, and Watauga Counties in North Carolina; Carter County and Johnson Counties in Tennessee; and Grayson County in Virginia. The appellation was recognized on February 28, 2016 by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Treasury as the country's 239th, North Carolina's 5th, Tennessee's 2nd and Virginia's 8th AVA after reviewing the petition from Johnnie James, owner of Bethel Valley Farms, on behalf of members of the High Country Wine Growers Association, proposing the establishment of the viticultural area named "Appalachian High Country."

Upper Cumberland is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located in Tennessee and expands all or portions of the following eight counties in Middle Tennessee: Cumberland, Fentress, Macon, Putnam, Overton, Smith, Warren, and White. The viticultural area encircles the cities of Cookeville and McMinnville, lies east of Nashville and Murfreesboro, and encompasses approximately 3,417 square miles with 55 vineyards cultivating over 71 acres (29 ha) and sourcing nine wineries. There is at least one vineyard in each county within the AVA, demonstrating that commercial viticulture and wine-making occurs throughout the entire AVA with additional new vineyard and winery projects in various stages of development. The appellation was recognized on June 14, 2024, by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Treasury as the state's 3rd AVA after reviewing the petition submitted by the Appalachian Region Wine Producers Association, proposing establishment of a viticultural area named "Upper Cumberland." This is a relatively new region for modern viticulture development but grape growing and winemaking have a long substantial history in the area.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "Establishment of the San Luis Obispo Coast (SLO Coast) Viticultural Area" (27 CFR 9, 87 FR 13160 [Docket No. TTB-2020-0009 T.D. TTB-177 Ref: Notice No. 194] Final Rule). Federal Register . 87 (46). Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau {TTB), Treasury: 13160–13165. March 9, 2022.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. 1 2 Agran, Libbie (April 19, 2021). "Central Coast Timeline: Early Wine History" (Wine - 16th to 18th Century History). The Wine History Project of San Luis Obispo County.
  3. ↑ "Climate in San Luis Obispo County, California". USA Facts. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
  4. ↑ "San Luis Obispo County Wine". Wine Searcher. Retrieved March 5, 2021.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Sonderling, Don (February 5, 2022). "New SLO Coast AVA" (Standing on its Own). Wine Country This Week. Archived from the original on May 18, 2022.
  6. 1 2 Agran, Libbie (June 27, 2019). "Wine History By Decade: Early 1800s" (Wine - Early 1800s History). The Wine History Project of San Luis Obispo County.
  7. 1 2 Agran, Libbie (September 17, 2018). "How many vines in a California Mission Vineyard in 1830?". The Wine History Project of San Luis Obispo County.
  8. ↑ "San Luis Obispo de Tolosa". More California Mission History. Archived from the original on January 28, 2010.
  9. ↑ "San Luis Obispo de Tolosa" (General Information). California Missions. 2014. Archived from the original on February 1, 2023. Retrieved December 8, 2023.
  10. ↑ Agran, Libbie (January 4, 2019). "Pierre Hypolite Dallidet (1822-1909)". The Wine History Project of San Luis Obispo County.
  11. ↑ "Santa Maria Valley Viticultural Area" (27 CFR Part 9 T.D.ATF-89-Ref- Notice No. 360 Vol.46 No. 150). Federal Register . Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, Department of the Treasury. August 5, 1981. pp. 39811–39812.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  12. ↑ "PETITION TO ESTABLISH THE "SAN LUIS OBISPO COAST" AND "SLO COAST" AMERICAN VITICULTURAL AREA" (SLO Coast AVA Association). Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Treasury. July 1, 2017.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  13. ↑ Baker, Dusty (March 18, 2022). "32 local wineries approved for new "SLO Coast" AVA". KSBY. Scripps Media, Inc. Archived from the original on March 21, 2023.

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