Sanatorium in Smukała

Last updated • 7 min readFrom Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Sanatorium in Smukała
Sanatorium w Smukale
Sanatorium w Smukale skrzydlo pld-zach panorama 03 2011.jpg
Sanatorium, Smukała
Poland adm location map.svg
Green pog.svg
Sanatorium in Smukała (Poland)
Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship location map.svg
Green pog.svg
Sanatorium in Smukała (Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship)
Sanatorium in Smukala
General information
Type Sanatorium
Architectural style Eclecticism in architecture, neo-Gothic elements
LocationSmukała district, Bydgoszcz, Poland
Address9 Meysnera street, 85-472 Bysdgoszcz
Current tenants Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
Construction started1901
Inaugurated1094
Design and construction
Engineer Carl Meyer
Website
https://kpcp.pl/

The Sanatorium in Smukała is a hospital for pulmonary diseases located in the district of Smukała, Bydgoszcz, Poland. Located in a conifer forest, it operated as an independent institution between 1904 and 2000, before being integrated into the structures of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Center of Pulmonology.

Contents

History

Prussian period

On May 24, 1901, the "Association of the Province of Posen for Combating Tuberculosis as a Social Disease" (Polish : Stowarzyszenia do Walki z Gruźlicą jako Chorobą Społeczną Prowincji Poznańskiej) took the decision to construct a tuberculosis (TB) sanatorium for women in the village of Smukała, close to Bydgoszcz. [1] In doing so, it followed Dr. Hermann Brehmer's precept to fight TB with a systematic open-air treatment. [2]

The site selected for the construction of the clinic was a 80-year-old pine forest near the Bromberg/Bydgoszcz-Wyrzysk railway, some 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) north of Bydgoszcz. [3] The project was commissioned to Carl Meyer, then municipal building counselor. [4]

Smukala Sanatorium, ca 1904 Centrum Pulmonologii Smukala 1904.jpg
Smukala Sanatorium, ca 1904

At the time, it was the second institution of this type in the then-Prussian Province of Posen; the first sanatorium pavilion (for men) was established in 1903 in Kowanówko, (Kronprinz Wilhelm-Volksheilstätte-English: Crown Prince Wilhelm Sanatorium) in the west of the province. In 1906, another clinic, for children, (Prinz Wilhelm Kinderheilstätte-English: Prince Wilhelm children's sanatorium), opened in Inowrocław, in temporary barracks.

The design comprised a two-level main building with a storage room and a smaller utility building with a caretaker's apartment. [4] The project was carried out between 1903 and 1904. The sanatorium facility was organized taking into accounts the specific needs and constraints of this type of facilities (location, natural surroundings, railway proximity, access to clean water, etc). [1]

The 80-bed sanatorium opened on October 20, 1904, while the official opening only took place on June 6, 1905. On this occasion, the German Emperor Wilhelm II sent an official telegram of congratulation and the architect Carl Meyer was awarded the Order of the Red Eagle, 4th class. [4]

In February 1906, it was decided to expand the complex capacity to 120 beds. As a consequence, an additional wing, connected to the main complex, was built on the eastern side of the main building in 1907. [5] At the same time, improvements were made to the complex (set up of an electric generator).

In 1908, 5,000 trees were planted in the vicinity of the clinic: elms, poplars, linden trees, birches and black locusts. The same year, a villa was erected for the director of the sanatorium, [3] who until that time used to live in Bromberg/Bydgoszcz.

On October 1911, a foundation was established for the construction of a children's sanatorium, for which 5 hectares (12 acres) of land were purchased. On October 16, 1913, the project ended with the opening of the "Bertha Amelie-Stiftung children's sanatorium" (German : Kinderheilstätte der Bertha Amelie-Stiftung), named after Bertha Amelia, the founder's mother. [1] This new building was designed by Franz Julius Knüpfer from Berlin, while the overall project was still supervised by Carl Meyer. In 1914, the sanatorium complex could accommodate 200 patients and admitted people without distinction of sex and age. [6]

The patients came from the entire Prussian Poland but mainly from the Posen and Bromberg administrative regions. [7]

Interwar period

Polish article about the sanatorium in 1927 Sanatorium 1927.jpg
Polish article about the sanatorium in 1927

In 1920, the sanatorium was taken over by the Polish authorities. The entire facility moved under the responsibility of the "Society for Combating Tuberculosis", seated in Poznań. Its first director was Dr. Franciszek Czajkowski then from 1926 Dr. Stanisław Meysner. [8] The latter introduced new preventive treatment methods against tuberculosis, collapsing pneumothorax and peritoneum. [7]

In the 1930s, the sanatorium was partaken into two wards:

At this period, the sanatorium was considered one of the best in the country. Many well-known physiologists worked there, among whom Dr. Władysław Baranowski, who became afterwards director of the Pulmonary Hospital in Bydgoszcz. [7]

Second World War

Advert about the Sanatorium in Smukala (1936)

During World War II, the sanatorium kept operating. However, the centre was not available to Polish citizen. [9]

Post war PRLperiod

After the war, newer treatments against tuberculosis were introduced, using mass vaccination. Dr. Meysner resumed his activity as director of the clinic: in 1948, the hospital had a capacity of 165 beds and employed 60 employees. [9]

In 1949, the facility was nationalized and changed its name to "Henryk Dobrzycki's Sanatorium Against Tuberculosis" (Polish : Sanatorium Przeciwgruźlicze im. Henryka Dobrzyckiego). [5] At that time, the clinic was used as a showcase in the Bydgoszcz Province, like a health care Potemkin village, regularly visited by high representatives of the Polish People's Republic administration. In March 1946, the facility was even toured by doctors from Moscow. [10]

After Meyser's death in 1952, the level of medical services steadily decreased and the training and scientific role of the facility was taken over by the Tuberculosis Hospital in Bydgoszcz. The 1960s were marked by new administrative decisions, which improved the social conditions of employees and the economic situation of the unit. The construction of a residential building and a nursing hotel started, and the auxiliary farm was expanded. Thanks to the introduction of new anti-TB drugs, modern pharmacotherapy of tuberculosis were applied. [10]

In 1975, it became part of the "Anti-Tuberculosis Specialist Health Care Center in Bydgoszcz", seated at today's 2 Gimnazjalna street. [10]

In the post-war period, with the development of modern pharmacotherapy against tuberculosis, the traditional treatment in sanatorium lost gradually its importance [7] Instead, new procedures were introduced, such as cardiothoracic surgery or pulmonary reconstruction.

Recent years

In the 1990s, the initial functions of the medical pavilions were changed: utility rooms were extended and apartments for nurses were built. [9]

Since 2000, along with the reorganization of the health service, the sanatorium facility has been incorporated into the network of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Center of Pulmonology in Bydgoszcz. The building have also been re-affected: [6]

Modern rehabilitation equipment was also purchased for lung-related therapy. [9] In 2023, decision was made to completely renovate the centre, to add specialist rehabilitation wards, a palliative care facility and a home for the elderly. Some of the edifices will be rebuilt, extended and adapted to the new functions. Revitalization of the former sanatorium park on an area of approximately 4.5 hectares (11 acres) is also planned. [11] The renovation program is funded by the "European Funds for the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship 2021-2027". [12]

Name

Characteristics

The sanatorium is part of the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Pulmonology Center in Bydgoszcz. In the 1904 historic buildings, the following services can be found: [13]

Outpatient procedures are not performed in the facility. The clinic receives as well patients from chronic lung disease, bronchitis, bronchial asthma, lung cancer and people recovering after surgery. [9]

The facility includes 25 hectares (62 acres) of pine forest.

Architecture

The clinic complex displays eclectic style with elements of Neo-Gothic and historicism. [1]

The ensemble is characterised by a massive body, with a central part flanked by two wings, each element being covered with a Half hip roof.

The top floors boast wattle and daub elements in contrast with the lower levels. The facades are adorned with bay window and avant-corps made of brick. In addition, one can notice on the southern elevation verandas, balconies and tall bifora or triforium windows: this was the location of the patient rooms (bedrooms and common rooms). [1]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">District Museum Building, Bydgoszcz</span> Building in Bydgoszcz, Poland

The District Museum Building in Bydgoszcz is an historical building in Bydgoszcz located at 4 Gdańska Street.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pomeranian Arts House</span> Tenement in Poland, Poland

The Pomeranian Arts House is a building of cultural and historical significance located at 20 Gdańska Street in Bydgoszcz, Poland. It has housed chronologically:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gdańsk Street 22, Bydgoszcz</span> Tenement in Poland, Poland

The tenement at 22 Gdańska street is a tenement located in downtown Bydgoszcz.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adam Mickiewicz Alley, Bydgoszcz</span>

Adam Mickiewicz Alley is one of the main streets of downtown district in Bydgoszcz, where several buildings are registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ossoliński Alley, Bydgoszcz</span>

Ossoliński Alley is a large dual carriageway road located in downtown Bydgoszcz.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Municipal Theatre, Bydgoszcz</span> Former theatre building in Bydgoszcz, Poland (1896–1946)

The Municipal Theatre of Bydgoszcz is a former theatre building which stood in Bydgoszcz, Poland from 1896 to 1946.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Prevention Police Building, Bydgoszcz</span> Former orphanage in Bydgoszcz, Poland

The Police Prevention Department building is a historical administrative building in Bydgoszcz, which was initially an orphanage. It is located on the southern frontage of Chodkiewicza street, at Nr.32, in the eastern edge of downtown Bydgoszcz, and is registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kopernika Street, Bydgoszcz</span> Street in Poland

Kopernika street is located in central Bydgoszcz. Several buildings on Kopernika Street are registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List. The street is named for Nicolaus Copernicus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saint Andrew Bobola's Church, Bydgoszcz</span> Catholic Church, Bydgoszcz, Poland, Early 20th century

Saint Andrew Bobola's Church is located in downtown Bydgoszcz, Poland, on Kościelecki Square. Its patron saint is the Polish Jesuit Andrew Bobola. The edifice, completed in 1903, was designed by German architect Heinrich Seeling. It was registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List on December 15, 1998.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kościelecki Square, Bydgoszcz</span>

The Kościelecki Square is an old and historical place in downtown Bydgoszcz. Around the area are several buildings registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Farna Street, Bydgoszcz</span>

Farna Street is a street located in Bydgoszcz, Poland. Many of its buildings are either registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list, or part of Bydgoszcz local history.

Rudolf Kern was an important designer and builder in Bydgoszcz, at the end of the Prussian period of the city. Most his works have been realized between 1903 and 1914. His artistic style relates to Art Nouveau and Modernism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jan Kossowski</span> Polish architect

Jan Kossowski (1898-1958) was a Polish architect and builder, mainly associated with Bydgoszcz. His professional activity spanned from the interwar period to the 1940s. His artistic style is mainly connected with Modern Architecture.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jana Zamoyskiego Street, Bydgoszcz</span> Street in Bydgoszcz, Poland

Jana Zamoyskiego Street is located in downtown district, in Bydgoszcz, Poland. Most of its buildings display Eclectic, Art Nouveau or early modernist architectural styles. One of them is registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Świętego Floriana Street</span>

Świętego Floriana Street is located in the downtown district of Bydgoszcz, Poland. Despite its short length of roughly 200 metres (660 ft), it features many notable buildings in a variety of architectural styles, including Eclectic, Art Nouveau and early modernist. The street is named after Saint Florian.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Markwarta Street, Bydgoszcz</span>

Markwarta street is located in the downtown district of Bydgoszcz, Poland. Situated in its path are two green areas and several villas built during the Polish interwar period.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Church of the Savior, Bydgoszcz</span> Lutheran Church, Bydgoszcz, Poland, Early 20th century

The Church of the Savior is a neo-Gothic Lutheran church in Bydgoszcz. Located on Savior Square along Warszawska Street, it was called Christ Church till 1945.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Szwederowo district, Bydgoszcz</span> City district in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland

Szwederowo is a district of the city of Bydgoszcz, Poland, located on its southern territory. Szwederowo population is the second largest of all Bydgoszcz districts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Seminaryjna Street</span> Street in Bydgoszcz, Poland

Seminaryjna street is located between Wilczak, Błonie, Downtown districts in Bydgoszcz, Poland. Laid in the late 1870s, its winding path offer a view on the old town nested down in the Brda river. Many frontages and edifices display architectural and historic interests, one of them is registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List.

Heinrich Ernst Dietz, generally called Heinrich Dietz or Henryk Dietz, (1840–1901) was a Prussian rentier, member of the Bromberg city council, member of the Prussian parliament and a prominent philanthropist in the second half of the 19th century.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Bręczewska-Kulesza, Daria (2001). Historia i architektura sanatorium dla plucnochorych w bydgoskiej Smukale. Materiały do dziejow kultury i sztuki bydgoszczy i regionu Z.6[History and architecture of a sanatorium for pulmonary patients in Smukała in Bydgoszcz. Materials for the history of culture and art in Bydgoszcz and the region T.6] (in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Pracownia dokumentacji i popularyzacji zabytków wojewódzkiego ośrodka kultury w Bydgoszczy. pp. 57–77.
  2. McCarthy, O R (2001). "The key to the sanatoria". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 94 (8): 413–417. doi:10.1177/014107680109400813. PMC   1281640 . PMID   11461990.
  3. 1 2 "Historia sanatorium". oplawiec.com.pl. Miasto oplawiec. 16 April 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  4. 1 2 3 Derkowska-Kostkowska, Bogna (2007). Miejscy radcy budowlani w Bydgoszczy w latach 1871–1912. Materiały do dziejow kultury i sztuki bydgoszczy i regionu Z.12[Municipal building counselors in Bydgoszcz in the years 1871–1912. Materials for the history of culture and art in Bydgoszcz and the region T.12] (in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Pracownia dokumentacji i popularyzacji zabytków wojewódzkiego ośrodka kultury w Bydgoszczy. pp. 11–22.
  5. 1 2 Jastrzębski, Włodzimierz (2011). Encyklopedia Bydgoszczy, t. 5. Medycyna[Bydgoszcz Encyclopedia, vol. 5. Medicine] (in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miłośników Miasta Bydgoszczy. p. 120. ISBN   978-83-926423-3-6.
  6. 1 2 UAF (1 February 2023). "Dawne sanatorium w Smukale czekają wielkie zmiany". bydgoszcz.pl. Miasto Bydgoszcz. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Korpalska, Walentyna (2004). Sanatorium Przeciwgruźlicze w Smukale kolo Bydgoszczy. Z dziejów walki z gruźlicą na przełomie XIX i XX w. Kronika Bydgoska XXVI[The tuberculosis sanatorium in Smukała near Bydgoszcz. From the history of the fight against tuberculosis at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Bydgoszcz Chronicles 26] (in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miłosnikow Miasta Bydgoszczy - Bydgoskie Towarzystwo Naukowe. pp. 309–316.
  8. Boguszyński, Mieczysław (2008). Od warsztatu balwierskiego do szpitala klinicznego[From the barber shop to the teaching hospital.] (in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miłosnikow Miasta Bydgoszczy. ISBN   978-83-926423-0-5.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 Rasnak, Magdalena (2009). Sanatorium w Smukale. Kalendarz Bydgoski[Sanatorium in Smukala. Bydgoszcz calendar] (in Polish). Bydgoszcz: Towarzystwo Miłośników Miasta Bydgoszczy. pp. 79–82.
  10. 1 2 3 Grądzki, Włodzimierz (2022). "Historia Sanatorium w Smukale". members.chello.pl. KUJAWSKO POMORSKIE CENTRUM PULMONOLOGII. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  11. UAF (6 February 2023). "Sanatorium w Smukale będzie jak nowe. Powstanie Centrum "Aktywne Starzenie Się"". bydgoszczinformuje.pl. Bydgoszcz Informuje. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  12. Tota, Justyna (4 February 2023). "Duża inwestycja w bydgoskiej Smukale. Dawne sanatorium będzie centrum rehabilitacji seniorów". expressbydgoski.pl. Polska Press Sp. z o. o. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  13. "Oddziały". kpcp.pl. Kujawsko-Pomorskie Centrum Pulmonologii w Bydgoszczy. 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2023.

Bibliography

53°11′09″N17°56′54″E / 53.18583°N 17.94833°E / 53.18583; 17.94833